• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.2-17
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to seek in-depth perspectives of stakeholders on the necessity and specific criteria for designating a specialized hospital for urologic diseases. Methods: Eight participants experts in urology medicine and specialized hospital system were divided into four groups. Following the semi-structured guidelines, an in-depth interview was conducted twice and a focus group discussion was conducted three times. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. Results: The majority of participants predicted that there would be demand for specialized hospitals for urologic diseases. The criteria of designating a specialized hospital, such as the number of hospital beds and quality of health care, have to be modified in consideration of the specificity of urology. The introduction of a specialized hospital would improve the healthcare delivery system, positively affecting hospitals and patients. Furthermore, government support is essential for the maintenance of specialized hospital systems as urology hospitals experience difficulties in generating profits. Conclusion: This study is expected to be used as base data for introducing and operating a specialized hospital for urologic diseases. In addition, it is expected that the methodology and results of this study would encourage follow-up studies on specialized hospitals and provide guidelines to evaluate the effectiveness of such hospitals in other medical fields.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2015

Renal scintigraphic methods, which are physiologic and minimally invasive, have played important role in the management of various renal diseases in children, providing sensitive tool for early detection of disease even before structural changes become prominent and giving valuable functional and anatomical information to aid medical decision makings in the treatment and follow-up of patients. This review article focuses on the concept and advantages of renal scintigraphy in pediatric patients with various urologic diseases.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2018

Acute idiopathic scrotal edema (AISE) is a self-limiting condition that is characterized by acute scrotal swelling and erythema. AISE is a very rare cause of acute scrotum, especially in neonates. We report a case of AISE in a 26-day-old infant who was admitted to the outpatient clinic with swelling and erythema of the penis and scrotum for a week. His vital signs were stable, and laboratory findings were non-specific. A diagnosis of AISE was made using scrotal ultrasonography with color Doppler. His symptoms resolved within four days after the onset of supportive treatment, and he was discharged from the hospital. In neonates with an acute scrotum, AISE should be considered to prevent unnecessary surgical exploration.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.192-213
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic study trends of pharmacopuncture therapy on obstetrics and gynecological diseases in Korean literature, through reviewing the clinical and experimental studies. Methods: We searched for clinical and experimental studies using pharmacopuncture therapy on obstetrics and gynecological diseases, published from January 2000 to May 2019, through 5 Korean databases. The study design, target disease, type of pharmacopuncture, method of intervention, and study results were analyzed. Results: 36 experimental studies and 15 clinical studies were finally included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. In experimental studies, there were 12 studies about postmenopausal osteoporosis, 9 studies about obesity, 4 studies about endometriosis, 3 studies about hemostatic effects and analgesic anticoagulative effects, 2 studies about ovarian function, and analgesic antiphlogistic anticoagulative effects, and 1 study about menopausal symptoms. In clinical studies, there were 3 studies about obesity, postpartum disorders, dysmenorrhea, and women's urologic disease, and 1 study about menopausal symptoms, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and breast cancer. Various types of pharmacopuncture have been proved to have a therapeutic effect in each of those obstetrics and gynecological diseases. Conclusions: This study indicates that pharmacopuncture therapy could be a good treatment for obstetrics and gynecological diseases. However, more well-designed and high-quality clinical researches are needed in further studies, to prove the effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2445-2452
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• 2012

RNA interference has created a breakthrough in gene silencing technology and there is now much debate on the successful usage of RNAi based methods in treating a number of debilitating diseases. Cancer is often regarded as a result of mutations in genomic DNA resulting in faulty gene expression. The occurrence of cancer can also be influenced by epigenetic irregularities in the chromatin structure which leads to alterations and mutations in DNA resulting in cancer cell formation. A number of therapeutic approaches have been put forth to treat cancer. Anti cancer therapy often involves chemotherapy targeting all the cells in common, whereby both cancer cells as well as normal cells get affected. Hence RNAi technology has potential to be a better therapeutic agent as it is possible to deactivate molecular targets like specific mutant genes. This review highlights the successful use of RNAi inducers against different types of cancer, thereby paving the way for specific therapeutic medicines.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2023

Cystinuria, a genetically inherited disorder, is a rare cause of kidney stones. It is characterized by impaired transport of cystine and amino acids in the proximal renal tubule and the small intestine. Most patients develop cystine stones throughout their lifetime. Recurrent renal stones need to be extracted by repeated urologic interventions. Treatment options of cystinuria for preventing stone recurrence are limited and poorly tolerated. In this study, we report a pediatric case of cystinuria with a heterozygous SLC3A1 mutation diagnosed by stone analysis, measurement of urine cystine excretion, and genetic analysis. There were recurrent renal stones despite repetitive shock wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery. However, the rate of stone formation seemed to be slower after D-penicillamine was added into adequate hydration and urinary alkalinization.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2007

Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) has been proven for treatment of postmenopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats and urologic symptoms. HRT became very popular in the 1990's, when there were several reports showing that it also helped with other menopausal complications such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies report that the incidence of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, cerebral infarction, coronary artery diseases, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thrombembolism could rise after HRT. Among these side effects of HRT, the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism increases 2 to 4 fold after HRT, but can vary with the use of different doses and preparations. Here, we summarize the risk factors and clinical courses for 5 patients who developed pulmonary thromboembolism after postmenopausal HRT.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2012

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond$^{TM}$) as a topical skin adhesive for pediatric urologic open surgery. Methods: From August 2010 to August 2011, we retrospectively evaluated pediatric patients who underwent urologic open surgery at our institution. A total of 128 pediatric patients with 210 incisions used Dermabond$^{TM}$ for skin closure. Results: We divided the 128 patients into 3 groups according to type of surgery. Group 1 underwent hydrocelectomy (55 cases, 41.3%), Group 2 underwent orchiopexy (43 cases, 32.3%), Group 3 underwent penoplasty (35 cases, 26.4%). One hundred and twenty eight patients who underwent 133 surgeries in total, with a total of 210 incisions visited our outpatient department postoperatively, and a total of 5 wound complications (2.3%) occurred, but were simple inflammations and no dehiscence was observed. When analyzed according to groups, no wound problems occurred in Group 1 (0/55, 0%), one occurred in Group 2 (1/43, 2.3%) and four cases occurred in Group 3 (4/35, 11.4%) respectively. When re-analyzed according to wound locations, one occurred in an inguinal wound (1/120, 0.83%), none occurred in scrotal wounds (0/55, 0%), and four occurred in penile wounds (4/35, 11.4%). In Group 3, the incidence of penile wounds was significantly increased compared to other groups (P=0.008). All 5 wound problems were inflammatory and healed at an average of 13.8 days (13-15 days) with antibiotic ointment application only. Conclusion: Dermabond$^{TM}$ is feasible and safe topical skin adhesive alternative to standard skin suture in pediatric urologic surgery. However, further research about its efficacy and safety could be valuable in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.660-664
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• 1999

Behcet's disease is classically described as featuring recurrent aphthous ulcers in the mouth and genital organs and as having relapsing iritis. Now it is being recognized as a mul tisystem disorder that involves of the skin, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, lung and the central nervous system as well as the joints, blood vessels and urologic systems. Large vessel diseases are unusual but aneurysm may occur in which the pulmonary circulation may give rise to the massive and often fatal hemoptysis. A 29 year-old man who complained of having dyspnea and hemoptysis during six months visited our hospital. He received right bilobectomy for a mass located in the right lower lobe. He underwent right bilobectomy. The final pathologic diagnosis was a pulmonary artery aneurysm which origina ted from the pulmonary artery.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2015

Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is one of the most common abnormal findings detected on prenatal ultrasound (US), and it has been reported in 1-5% of all pregnancies. The likelihood of significant postnatal pathologic abnormality in the urinary tract correlates with the degree of anterior-posterior diameter (APD) according to the gestational age. Detection of urologic anomalies prenatally permits fetal interventions that avoid complications in rare cases of bladder outlet obstruction with oligohydramnios even though their final benefits still remain controversial. There is no clear consensus on the extent and mode of postnatal imaging after a diagnosis of ANH. US is the mainstay of the postnatal evaluation and helps guide further testing with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and diuretic renography. Although most algorithms continue to recommend generous VCUG for identification of lower urinary tract anomalies, VCUG may be safely reserved for high grade ANH cases or any grade of ANH with dilated distal ureter without increasing the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). There are conflicting studies about efficacy of postnatal prophylactic antibiotics. It still seems reasonable to consider use of a prophylactic antibiotic to prevent infant UTIs in high-risk populations, such as females and uncircumcised males with high grades of hydronephrosis, hydroureteronephrosis, or vesicouretral reflux.