• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2012

$^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}F$-FDG)는 상당한 양의 방사능이 신장과 비뇨기계에 저류 되어 영상의 질을 저하시키고 진단 성능을 저하시킨다. 이러한 $^{18}F$-FDG의 비뇨기계 저류를 막기 위해 이뇨제를 사용하여 검사를 진행하게 된다. 이때 사용되는 이뇨제가 영상에 미치는 영향과 $^{18}F$-FDG 배설률에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. PET/CT 검사를 시행한 환자 중 신장의 원발성 종양 또는 전이 병변이 없는 환자를 대상으로 $^{18}F$-FDG와 함께 이뇨제를 주사한 그룹, 생리식염수를 주사한 그룹, $^{18}F$-FDG만을 주사 한 정상군 그룹으로 진행하였으며, 각 그룹의 관심영역을 설정하여 SUV를 측정하였다. 또한 정량적 분석을 위하여 $^{18}F$-FDG를 주사 후 이뇨제 투여 여부에 따른 SUV를 비교 평가하였다. SUV 측정에 따라 영상의 배후방사능이 감소된 영상을 얻을 수 있었으며 이뇨제 사용으로 배설된 소변의 양이 늘어났지만, 소변에 방사능량의 변화가 없는 상반된 결과가 나타났다. 따라서 이뇨제가 영상의 배후방사능을 줄일 수는 있지만 $^{18}F$-FDG 배설에는 영향을 미치지 못함을 확인 하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2010

검체는 2005년 1월1일부터 2009년 12월31일까지 C 병원 진단 검사의학과에 의뢰된 환자의 임상검체 총 366,661예로부터 총 167,955 미생물이 분리되었고 이 중 6,517주의 Candida spp. 분리균을 자동화기기로 동정한 것을 후향적으로 처리 하였다. 배양균주는 smooth하고, 크림색이며, 약간 mucoid하고, 혼탁한 집락을 0.45% salin에 McFarland No 1.6-2.0되게 탁도를 맞춘 후 반응시약이 들어 있는 ID-YST card에 접종하여, VITEK II(bioMerieux Duham NC, USA)의 자동화기기에 넣어 동정하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. Candida spp.의 분리율은 2005년도에 비하여 2009년이 1.9배 증가하였다. 분리빈도가 높은 Candida spp.는 C. albicans 56.4%, C. tropicalis 17.7%, C. glabrata 10.7%, C. parapsilosis 9.5%였고, Candida spp가 10%이상 분리된 검체는 객담 30.1%, 무작위소변 25.0%, 혈액 15.8%, 카테타소변 13.5%였으며, 7%이상 분리된 부서는 호흡기내과 20.5%, 신장내과 11.0%, 감염내과 10.4%, 응급의학과 10.0%, 혈액종양내과 9.6%, 외과 7.5%, 소화기내과 7.4%였다. Candida spp가 증가된 달은 7월이 10.6%였고, 가장 낮게 분리된 달은 2월이 6.1%였다. Candida spp.가 증가된 연령군은 70세 이상 군이 40.1%였고, 가장 낮게 분리된 연령군은 10대가 1.3%였고, 0-49세군(1.3-7.5%)대 50세 이상 군(16.7-40.1%)의 비교에서는 1 : 4.7로 50세 이상 군이 월등히 높았다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2019

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)와 같은 carbapenem 분해효소의 급속한 증가와 보급은 의료 관련 감염 분야 내에서 주요한 문제가 되었다. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) 감염을 치료하기 위한 항생제는 거의 없으므로 내성의 박테리아 메커니즘의 확인은 감염 통제와 역학 연구에 매우 중요하다. 그러므로 KPC 균주를 검출하는 신속하고 효과적인 방법은 치료상의 실패를 피하고, 이러한 다제 내성세균의 유통을 방지 및 통제하는 대책으로 도입할 필요가 있다. 분석에 이용한 31균주에서 Acinetobacter spp. 7균주, Morganella morganii 6균주, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5균주, Proteus mirabilis 5균주, Proteus vulgaris 1균주, Enterobacter cloacae 2균주, Enterobacter aerogenes 1균주, Klebsiella pneumoniae 1균주, Klebsiella oxytoca 1균주, Serratia marcescens 1균주, Escherichia coli 1균주를 확인하였다. 그람음성 간균이 분리된 검체의 빈도는 urine (35.5%), blood (19.4%), sputum (16.1%), pus (9.7%), ascitic fluid (9.7%), tracheal aspirates (6.5%), bile juice (3.2%) 순으로 나타났다. PCR 방법을 이용한 유전자분석 결과 bla_IMP, bla_VIM, bla_OXA-48 에서는 증폭이 확인된 균주가 없었으나, Klebsiella oxytoca 1 균주에서 bla_KPC 유전자를 확인하였다. 결론적으로, PCR 방법을 이용한 진단법은 KPC를 정확하고 신속하게 진단할 수 있으며, 그로 인해 병원 내 KPC의 전파방지를 위한 신속한 예방대책 수립이 가능하다 할 수 있다.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2017

The inhibitory effects of Asparagus cochinchinensis against inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), substance P and phthalic anhydride (PA) treatment were recently reported for some cell lines and animal models. To evaluate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of A. cochinchinensis toward the livers and kidneys of ICR mice, alterations in related markers including body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology were analyzed in male and female ICR mice after oral administration of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight/day saponin-enriched extract of A. cochinchinensis (SEAC) for 14 days. The saponin, total flavonoid and total phenol levels were found to be 57.2, 88.5 and 102.1 mg/g in SEAC, respectively, and the scavenging activity of SEAC gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, body and organ weight, clinical phenotypes, urine parameters and mice mortality did not differ between the vehicle and SEAC treated group. Furthermore, no significant alterations were measured in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Cr) in the SEAC treated group relative to the vehicle treated group. Moreover, the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds were not observed upon liver and kidney histological analysis. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that SEAC does not induce any specific toxicity in the livers and kidneys of male and female ICR mice at doses of 600 mg/kg body weight/day.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.262-274
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• 2023

Background: Exposure levels for heavy metals such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) have increased due to human activities. They are known to be a public health concern. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the exposure levels to heavy metals in the blood and urine of South Korean adults and to present the contribution rate of exposure pathways using an exposure algorithm for men aged 19~64, women aged 19~64, and all seniors aged 65 or older. Methods: We analyzed data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 4 (2018~2020). A total of 2,646 participants aged ≥19 years were included. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting heavy metal concentrations. The contribution rate was calculated by applying three exposure algorithms for ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure. Results: Factors that commonly affect heavy metal concentrations in blood and urine were gender and age. The main influencing factors for Pb and Cd were education level and smoking status, while frequency of fish consumption and of alcohol consumption were indicated to be the main influencing factors for mercury. The contribution rates of lead and cadmium from food ingestion were 78.03~79.62% and 88.39~92.89%, respectively. Additionally, the highest contribution for mercury was accounted for by food at 81.69~85.77%. As a result of the risk assessment, cadmium was found to pose a potential health risk a with total cancer risk (TCR) of more than 1×10^-6. Conclusions: The KoNEHS could be an important study for determining the level of exposure to heavy metals and their influencing factors. Integrated exposure to heavy metals could assess the main exposure pathways, and this methodology could be applied to exposure management of heavy metals.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2024

Objective : Exploring protein requirements for critically ill patients has become prominent. On the other hand, considering the significant impact of coma therapy and targeted temperature management (TTM) on the brain as well as systemic metabolisms, protein requirements may plausibly be changed by treatment application. However, there is currently no research on protein requirements following the application of these treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate changes in patients' protein requirements during the application of TTM and coma therapy. Methods : This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from March 2019 to May 2022. Among the patients admitted to the intensive care unit, those receiving coma therapy and TTM were included. The patient's treatment period was divided into two phases (phase 1, application and maintenance of coma therapy and TTM; phase 2, tapering and cessation of treatment). In assessing protein requirements, the urine urea nitrogen (UUN) method was employed to estimate the nitrogen balance, offering insight into protein utilization within the body. The patient's protein requirement for each phase was defined as the amount of protein required to achieve a nitrogen balance within ±5, based on the 24-hour collection of UUN. Changes in protein requirements between phases were analyzed. Results : Out of 195 patients, 107 patients with a total of 214 UUN values were included. The mean protein requirement for the entire treatment period was 1.84±0.62 g/kg/day, which is higher than the generally recommended protein supply of 1.2 g/kg/day. As the treatment was tapered, there was a statistically significant increase in the protein requirement from 1.49±0.42 to 2.18±0.60 in phase 2 (p<0.001). Conclusion : Our study revealed a total average protein requirement of 1.84±0.62 g during the treatment period, which falls within the upper range of the preexisting guidelines. Nevertheless, a notable deviation emerged when analyzing the treatment application period separately. Hence, it is recommended to incorporate considerations for the type and timing of treatment, extending beyond the current guideline, which solely accounts for the severity by disease.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is evaluating the effect of Hoelen Herbal-acupuncture (HO-HA) at $KI_{10}$(Umgok) on Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced nephritis in rats. Methods : The experimental rats were assigned to four groups; normal, LPS, saline, HO-HA groups. LPS(2 mg/kg) was administered to the rats in LPS, saline and HO-HA groups to induce acute inflammatory kidney damage. Saline injection and HO-HA were administered at $KI_{10}$ three times a week. Blood samples were taken from the rats for analysis of white blood cell(WBC), neutrophil, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine TNF-${\alpha}$, CINC-1. Urine samples were taken from the rats for analysis of urinal volume, creatinine and total protein. The kidney samples were taken from the rats for analysis of renal myeloperoxIdase(MPO). Results : HO-HA suppressed the increases of WBC and neutrophils in blood, BUN, creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$ and CINC-1 in serum, and MPO in kidney of LPS-stimulated rats. In addition, HO-HA inhibited the decrease of urinary volume in LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions : HO-HA has therapeutic effects on LPS-induced inflammatory kidney damage in rats. Further studies may be needed for clinical use of HO-HA.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

This study is an attempt to analyze the physical load by the type of the nursing tasks at the neurosurgical ICU nurses through the quantitative analysis of the working postures by the type of the nursing tasks with the OWAS(Ovako Working Postures Analysis System). Data collection was conducted through the video recording of the 13 nurses working at the neurosurgical ICU. For the analysis of the work postures by the type of the nursing tasks, and were interviewed regarding the subjective degree of the difficulties with the work postures related to the tasks. Collected data was analyzed through the WinOWAS program. The results were as follows : AC3 or AC4 tasks among the 18 nursing tasks types are "occupied bed making and change of the patient gown", "back massage", "suction", "elimination management", "change of position", "adjustment of bed", "helping the patient to move","measurement of CVP"and "measurement of urine volume". It appears that these tasks are harmful to the musculoskeletal system and the improvement or change of the work is required. The results stated above indicate that improper working postures during the nursing tasks influence the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, making use of assistant devices for the improvement of the working environment at the nursing tasks, based on human technological diagnoses, is required regarding the duty types with massive work pressure known to be harmful to the musculoskeletal system among those performed by the nurses. And there is a need of the education about the employment and maintenance of the vocational back pain prevention.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

Due to the development and expansion of industries and medical standards, the number of workers who handle organic solvents within hospitals is increasing. The authors in this study intended to investigate the actual conditions of the handling of the solvents and to encourage the recognition that the exposure to such solvents may be possible because of insensitivity to safety. In order to investigate the actual conditions of exposure of workers within hospitals, the experimental group included the three sections (Pathology department, Central Supply Room, and Operating Room), which handle organic solvents most frequently. Meanwhile, university interns were selected to be the control group. This study was conducted between May 1 to May 30, 2007, and urine was taken as samples. Hippuric acid, mandelic acid, methylhippuric acid, and phenylglyoxylic acid were analyzed through gas chromatography, and a total of 52 subjects of the experimental and the control groups were performed of the analysis. As for the results of the analysis of the experimental group, the exposure to benzene was $42.27{\pm}3.70mg/g$ creatinine, that of xylene was $1.30{\pm}0.18g/g$ creatinine, and that of toluene was $2.36{\pm}0.24g/g$ creatinine. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the control group showed that the exposure to benzene was $15.54{\pm}2.85mg/g$ creatinine, that of xylene was $0.52{\pm}0.02g/g$ creatinine, and that of toluene was $0.85{\pm}0.20g/g$ creatinine. The amount of exposure to benzene, xylene, and toluene was shown to be under the maximum permitted level, but as for Pathology department, it was required to educate on working conditions, to educate workers on prevention management about their health, and to install fume hood and exhaust system to improve the environments.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1629-1629
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• 2001

The knowledge of the nutrition in animal production is difficult to assess due of difficulty to determine the amount and quality of feeds intake, mainly if forages are the most important compound in the diet. It must be able to know responses to the metabolic process in lactating dairy cows earring out feeds evaluation trials. These metabolism studies with cows, requires measurements of: I) The amount of all feeds consumed. II) Excretion of faeces. III) Excretion of urine. Taking as a basis these trials, forage and total intake, dietary digestibility and balances of nitrogen and energy can be calculated. However, these feeds evaluation experiments with animals are very time consuming and expensives. The faeces excreted by animals containt undigested residues of the diet consumed. For this reason, their analysis can be an successful tool to determine the amount and quality of feed intake and other important biological parameters. The aim of this work was to know if faeces analysis by NIR could be used to determine with enough accuracy some attributes of different lactating dairy cows diets, using a global equation, developed on an heterogeneus population. For this purpose a total of 79 faecal samples from eight grass, three grass silages and two maize silages metabolic trials, on six cows each one, were used to constitute the initial population. The calibration equations were developed to predict forage and total intake, organic matter digestibility, digestibility coefficient of crude energy and digestibility energy. The combination of several trials with different diets and animal conditions gave promising results.