• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.553-556
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• 2008

The urinary bladder retroflexion, flipped over backwards into the pelvic canal, by trauma has been rarely reported in dogs. This paper describes clinical and radiological features of urinary bladder retroflexion in two dogs with a history of traffic accident. The main clinical signs were hind limb lameness, severe pain and dysuria. Radiography and ultrasonography were performed to evaluate the patient's damages. No remarkable findings were observed except pelvic fracture on survey radiograph. On cystourethrography, caudal displacement and retroflexion of the bladders were identified. Cystopexy was performed and the bladders were repositioned. After surgery one dog with severe azotemia and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis was deteriorated noticeably and euthanized by request of the owner, while the other dog was recovered no recurrence of the problem by 12 months post-surgery. It should be considered that contrast study and serial assessment in urinary tract be important to demonstrate the evidence of bladder retroflexion and evaluate the prognosis in dogs with severe trauma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4539-4543
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• 2013

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most predominant type of urinary bladder tumor. As cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is recently introduced as an attractive target molecule in bladder TCC, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of this marker and its association with several clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Pathology department of Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2006-2011. Ninety-two paraffin embedded blocks were selected from patients with urinary bladder TCC who underwent cystectomy or transurethral resection (TUR). Then, we assessed COX-2 expression by immunohistochemical staining using antibody against COX-2. Staining in more than 5% of tumor cells was considered as positive expression. Results: COX-2 was expressed in 50 % of our patients. This marker was markedly expressed in high grade bladder TCC (62.1%) versus other grades and there was statistically a significant difference in COX-2 expression between various grades (p=0.008). In addition, patients' age, lymphatic and perineurial invasion were associated with the expression of COX-2 (p=0.001, 0.015 and 0.039, respectively). However, other parameters such as stage, tumor size, venous invasion and lymph node metastasis did not show any significant relationship with this marker (all, p>0.05). Conclusions: COX-2 was expressed in urinary bladder TCC especially in high grade forms, advocating its probable role in the differentiation of this tumor. Accordingly, COX-2 could be a valuable biological target molecule in the evaluation and treatment of patients with bladder TCC.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of meridian system in oriental medicine and muscular system in western medicine. Methods : Muscles were assigned to meridians by their main functions and the acupoints on them. New mutual relationships between meridians in lower limb were studied based on the muscular function. Results : In gluteal & femoral region, iliopsoas & quadratus femoris are assigned to spleen & stomach meridians, gluteus maximus & hamstrings to urinary bladder & kidney meridians, adductor muscle groups to liver meridian, gluteus medius & minimus & iliotibial tract to gall bladder meridian. In crural region, anterior crural muscles are assigned to stomach meridian, lateral crural muscles to gall bladder meridian, suferficial posterior crural muscles to urinary bladder (& kidney) meridian, deep posterior crural muscles to liver, spleen, kidney meridians. In lower limb, urinary bladder meridian and stomach meridian lead the muscular functions and correspond to each other, while spleen meridian assists stomach meridian, and kidney meridian assists urinary bladder meridian. Conclusions : Muscles may be assigned to meridians by their functions and the acupoints on them. From the view of muscular function, Yang meridians lead Yin meridians in lower limb.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2021

A 13-day-old Thoroughbred female foal weighing 59 kg was referred to the Jeju National University Equine Hospital with clinical signs including depression, labored breathing, tachycardia, anorexia, and marked distended abdomen. Uroperitoneum secondary to a rupture of the urinary bladder was diagnosed based on the history, clinical signs, and ultrasound imaging. An emergency laparotomy for cystorrhaphy under inhalation anesthesia was performed, and the patient recovered uneventfully. A course of extensive supportive therapy with systemic antibiotics after surgery was carried out. The foal fully recovered and was discharged after 14 days of hospitalization. The follow-up after seven months revealed the patient to be clinically healthy. This report describes a case of uroperitoneum secondary to the rupture of the urinary bladder in a Thoroughbred foal, along with the clinical outcomes of surgical repair and intensive treatment in detail.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1997

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of kidney and urinary bladder disease was performed in native Korea cattle. Ultrasonogaphic appearence of kidney and urinaryy baldder according to the growth were determined from 6 to 13 months by monthly examinations in 9 native Korean cattle. The kidney and urinary bladder were examined in standing position. The position, dimension, and structure of both kidneys were determined at 12 intercostal space and paralumbar fossa by use of ultrasonography. Ultrasonograms were obtained with 3.5 or 5.0-MHz sector transducer. The width and depth of the kidney, and the diameter of renal parenchyma and renal sinus were observed. Both kidneys were observedfrom the body surface until 8 months old age, but over the 9 months old age, only right kidney was easily accessible. The width of right kidney at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 5.7, 6.3, 6.9, 7.6, 8.4, 9.3, 9.8 and 10.7 cm, respectively. The depth 5.8, 6.1 and 6.6 cm, respectively. The size of left kidney was similar to right kidney until 8 months old age. After the 9 months old age, only right kidney was easily accessible. The circumference of urinary bladder at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 19.1, 21.7, 22.5, 23.0, 24.2, 25.3, 27.8 and 29.1 cm, respectively. Calculi in urinary bladder were observed by ultrasonography.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : Sixty healthy subjects participated in this study, and were divided into a kidney tonifying acupuncture group(KI group), urinary bladder tonifying acupuncture group(BL group) and control group. Radial pulse was measured by 3 dimensional pulse imaging system(DMP-3000) before, immediately after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture at Cun, Guan, and Chi in each time. Results : 1. BL group exhibited significantly reduced T1 / T, T4 / T, T4 / (T-T4), T5 / T and increased(T-T4) / T compared to KI group. 2. BL group showed increase of radial augmentation index / heart rate(RAI / HR) in left Cun, H5, Ad / Ap in left Chi, H1, As / Ap in right Chi compared to KI group. BL group showed decrease of As / Ap, Aw / Ap in left Chi, H1, pulse depth, Ad / Ap in right Chi compared to KI group. 3. KI group showed increase of Aw / Ap, H1, H2, H4, pulse area in right Guan, pulse depth in right Chi compared to BL group. KI group showed decrease of RAI in left Cun, applied pressure, pulse depth in left Guan, Aw / Ap in right Chi compared to BL group. Conclusions : The effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder in healthy humans have been observed on various parameters. The parameters analysed in this study can be used to differentiate the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder on radial pulse.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.526-539
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 기존의 방광 내압 측정의 문제점을 근본적으로 해결할 수 있는 새로운 접근법인 '초음파를 이용한 비침습적 방광 내압 측정 기술'을 제안한다. 제안된 기술은 초음파에 의한 캐비테이션 현상을 이용한다. 즉, 체외에서 조사된 고강도 초음파 펄스에 의해 방광 내에 생성된 기포의 동 특성은 방광 내압에의 영향을 받는다는 물리적인 현상에 근거한다. 본 논문에서는 초음파 방광 내압의 측정 기술의 이론적 기초를 제시하고 및 초기적인 측정 실험을 통해 실현 가능성을 입증했다. 제안된 초음파 방광 압력 측정법은 비침습적이며, 성별, 연령에 관계없이 적용 가능하고, 상시 측정이 가능하여 향후 방광 및 배뇨 장애 관련 진단 및 치료에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review the acupuncture treatment Urinary incontinence (UI) and Overactive bladder (OAB) in postmenopausal women. Methods: We searched articles in 8 search engines with keywords related to 'Overactive bladder', 'Urinary incontinence' and 'Menopause' in July 2022. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) that used acupuncture on Urinary incontinence (UI) and Overactive bladder (OAB) after menopause were included. Animal studies and non RCT data were excluded. Data on acupuncture treatment such as methods, site, duration, frequency, and period were analyzed. Also, network analysis between acupoints was conducted. Results: 15 articles were selected and analyzed. Studies were conducted using manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture and fire acupuncture. Most studies used more than one acupoint, and there were 32 acupoints selected for acupuncture treatment for UI and OAB after menopause. The most commonly used acupoint was 中極 (CV3) (n=8). In terms of the correlation of acupoints, 太谿 (KI3) had the highest value of degree centrality at 0.75. The mean treatment time, number of treatments, and duration were 26.42±6.10 minutes, 18.71±9.09 times, and 6.87±4.77 weeks. Conclusions: The results of this study could be useful in establishing the evidence for performing standardized acupuncture treatment for Urinary incontinence and Overactive bladder in postmenopausal women.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare malignant tumor. A more rapidly fatal course may be seen in advanced stages of small cell carcinoma as compared to similar stages of urothelial carcinoma. It is very important to recognize this distinct form of bladder cancer by urinary cytology The differential diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder includes metastatic small cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and primary or secondary malignant lymphoma. This article highlights the urinary cytologic diagnosis of a case of primary small cell carcinoma. A 59-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for five months. Urinary cytology showed high cellularity consisting of tiny monotonous tumor cells in the necrotic background. The tumor cells occurred predominantly singly, but a few in clusters. The cytoplasm was so scanty that only a very narrow rim of it was seen. The nuclei were oval or round and had finely stippled chromatin. Rarely, the nuclei contain visible nucleoli. Frequently cell molding was noted in clusters. Many single cells demonstrated nuclear pyknosis or karyorrhexis. The histologic findings of transurethral resection and partial cystectomy specimen were those of small cell carcinoma. Cytologic distinction may be very difficult but careful attention to clinical features and cellualr details can classify these neoplasms correctly.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2008

목 적: 국소적 전립선암에 대한 근치적 목적의 방사선치료시 3차원 입체조형방사선치료(3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, 3DCRT) 또는 세기조절방사선치료(intensity modulated radiotherapy, IMRT)를 시행하면 직장의 부작용이 현저히 감소하지만 비뇨기계 부작용의 발생률은 감소하지 않는다. 방사선 치료로 인한 급성 비뇨기계 부작용은 환자의 삶의 질을 저하시킬 뿐 아니라 만성 비뇨기계 부작용의 발생을 증가시킨다. 따라서 비뇨기계 부작용을 줄이기 위해 방광을 채운 상태에서 방사선치료를 하는 방법이 제안되었는데 이 경우 방사선 조사야에 포함되는 방광의 면적이 줄어들어 부작용이 감소한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 전립선암의 방사선치료시 방광의 부피가 급성 비뇨기계 부작용에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 전립선암으로 근치적 목적의 방사선치료를 받은 환자 42명을 대상으로 하였으며 대조군과 실험군이 각각 21명씩 포함되었다. 대조군은 본 연구가 계획되기 전에 방광 조절을 하지 않고 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자 중 무작위로 추출하였고, 실험군은 치료 1시간 전 450 ml의 물을 마셔 방광을 채운 상태에서 방사선치료를 받은 환자들이었다. 모의치료시 설계용 CT와 초음파를 이용하여 방광의 부피를 측정하였고, 실험군에서는 방사선 치료 기간 동안 초음파로 매주 방광의 부피를 측정하였다. 결 과: 모의치료시 초음파로 측정한 방광의 부피와 CT로 측정한 방광의 부피는 유의한 상관성을 보여(r=0.679) 방광 부피를 측정하는 데 있어 초음파의 정확성을 확인하였다. 실험군에서 같은 양의 물을 마셔도 방광의 부피는 환자에 따라 차이가 컸고(범위 $22{\sim}352\;ml$), 방사선치료 기간 동안 방광의 부피는 일정하게 유지되지 않았다. 그러나 모의치료시 방광의 부피가 컸던 환자는 치료기간 중에도 방광의 부피가 큰 경향을 보였다. 실험군의 방광 부피는 평균 $299{\pm}155\;mL$이었고 대조군은 평균 $187{\pm}155\;ml$로, 일정량의 물을 마시면 방광 조절을 하지 않았을 때보다 방광 부피가 유의하게 증가하였고(p=0.009), 실험군에서 급성 비뇨기계 부작용이 대조군보다 감소하였지만 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다 또한 방광의 부피가 클수록 부작용이 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 모의치료시 CT로 측정한 방광의 부피가 150 ml 이상이면 1등급과 2등급의 비뇨기계 부작용이 현저히 감소하였다(p=0.023). 치료 기간 중의 방광 부피에 따른 부작용 발생률은 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으나 방광의 부피가 클수록 1등급 부작용이 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 100 ml 이상인 경우에는 모든 등급의 부작용이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결 론: 방광을 채우고 방사선치료를 할 때 치료 기간 중 방광의 부피가 일정하게 유지되지 않았음에도 불구하고 방광 조절을 하지 않았을 때보다 비뇨기계 급성 부작용이 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 모의치료시 방광 부피가 150 mL 이상인 경우 부작용은 현저히 감소하였다. 따라서 전립선암 환자에서 방사선치료를 할 때 방광을 채우는 것이 급성 비뇨기계 부작용을 줄이는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.