• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 2004

Since digital economy and electronic commerce are evolving rapidly. further shaping process of e-commerce over the Internet would be highly influenced by the impact of electronic commerce technologies. That is. the widespread application of electronic commerce technologies is remoulding classic business patterns and enabling organizations to deal with new ways of doing business with global suppliers. distributors, marketers and consumers. The objective of this study is to examine the scheme of electronic commerce technologies. analyzing the current state and what is expected of them In the future. However, it is difficult to clarify relationships with the every electronic commerce technology and to analyze the progress of each of them. This study focuses on the major electronic commerce application technologies relevant to e-business. In order to analyze the current state of electronic commerce technologies and relationships among them. this study has tried to gather experts' opinions using the Delphi method. For each major EC technology, this study has analyzed the current level. the technology scheme. the applicability, the economic influences of the EC technologies and the urgency of the technology development. This study will play a role of catalyser for the study of electronic commerce technologies and will provide guideline for future studies electronic commerce and information communication technology(ICT) diffusion.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.121-137
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• 2005

In today's information-rich society, the need for information literacy has urgency. Three tasks of information processing are filtering, meaning-matching, meaning-construction that could be strengthened through inquiry-based learning. The cycles of reflection and practice develop the habit of mind, or conscious information processing that allow the learners to acquire higher level of information literacy. An on-line inquiry-based learning environment designed for information literacy may help learners to perform their lifelong learning better with the ability to appreciate, locate, evaluate, and use information effectively.

• IE interfaces
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.316-324
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• 2002

Automated Guided Vehicles are widely used as an essential material handling system for FMS to provide flexibility and efficiency. We suggest a new dispatching rule based on priority function which considers urgency and empty vehicle travel time under finite buffer capacity. We evaluate the performance of the proposed rule by comparing the performance of Shortest Travel Time/Distance(STT/D) rule in terms of machine utilization, throughput and WIP level using simulation. The simulation results show that the suggested dispatching rule is robust and provides better machine utilization, throughput with comparable WIP level compared to STT/D rule.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-158
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• 2006

This paper considers probable determinants of the application software outsourcing costs and focuses on the service level agreement (SLA) influence. Recently, outsourcing clients and vendors have contracted SLA and tried to reflect them on outsourcing prices. While application software maintenance has been one of the most frequently outsourced functions, its cost did not reflect the service level requirements by the client. This paper empirically shows that the service urgency requirement on SLA increases the maintenance programmers' effort and thus increases the vendor's cost. This result can be used by vendors for program allocation purposes.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

This study proposes an effective data management method for easing the burden on self-study report by analyzing operational data on accredited engineering programs. Four analysis criteria are developed: variability, difficulty level of collecting, urgency of analysis, timeliness. After the operational data are analyzed in terms of the analysis criteria, the data which should be managed in time are extracted according to the analysis results. This study proposes a data management method in which tasks of managing the timely-managed data are performed based on the regular academic schedule, so that the result of this study may be used as a working-level reference material.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1508-1516
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• 2016

This research intended to analyse the perception level of seafarers in order to propose enhancement of health management for seafarers and improvement of marine telemedicine assistance system. To this end, questionnaire survey was conducted for 422 seafarers in relation to current status of utilizing Emergency Medical Advice by radio(EMAR). By trading area, experience of benefiting EMAR by coastal seafarers was higher than that of ocean-going seafarers. By kinds of ships the rate of utilizing EMAR by fisherman was higher than that of seafarers of merchant ships. The level of satisfaction on the EMAR was 14.9% and regarded to be very low while the answering rate of necessity and urgency toward introducing marine telemedicine assistance system for the future through utilizing telemedicine equipment what is called U-helath including motion pictures information was very high. The answering rate of willingness to provide their personal health information positively when introducing marine telemedicine system was very high(97.4%). It is thus necessary to permit marine telemedicine service system, establish service model of marine telemedicine through conducting demonstration projects, promote marine telemedicine actively at the level of government, etc.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.1A
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• pp.44-53
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• 2010

This paper proposes a traffic management policy for delay control in the wireless networks. The so-called EDD(Earliest Due Date) scheme is adopted as the packet scheduling policy, so that the service provision is performed in the order of the transmission urgency of the backlogged packets. In addition, we derive a formula to determine the contention window, one of the MAC parameters, with the goal of minimizing the non-work conserving characteristics of the traditional MAC scheme. This method eliminates the burden of the class-wise parameter settings which is typically required for the priority control. Simulations are performed to show the validity of the proposed scheme in comparison with the policy that adopts the class-level queue management such as the IEEE 802.11e standard. Smaller delays and higher rates of delay guarantees are observed throughout the experiments.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-64
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• 2017

Russia's push in the Asia-Pacific region stems from its interests that have the national, regional and global dimensions. In their turn, the aims of this policy are civilizational, geopolitical, economic and prospective, with a long-term outlook. In the course of their achievement, cooperation with Northeast Asia's countries will play one of the key roles owing to the factors of geographic proximity, Northeast Asia's economic potential, risk hedging and a growing influence Northeast Asia exerts upon the global development. A new cooperation paradigm between Russia and the states of Northeast Asia should be based upon establishing and cementing self-reproducing ties. This is the central aim of Russian initiatives in relations, with Japan, the Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia and China. However, numerous obstacles ranging from Russia's absence in the regional free trade agreements and supply-production chains of value-added production to the permanent international instability generated by Pyongyang's missile-nuclear developments hamper the practical implementation of this task. Realizing the necessity to give an additional impetus to this new cooperative paradigm, Russia has to develop directions with an apparent consolidating effect. The most promising may be the establishment of a permanent security forum based upon Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism chaired by the Russian Federation. The urgency of this measure and its expected support stem from the necessity to strengthen security in Northeast Asia, a task neither the US-led hub-and-spoke system nor ASE-AN-led multilateral dialogue venues have been able to resolve. The issues addressed at the security forum must include the unification of approaches to North Korean nuclear issue and producing a document specifying actions of the claimants on the disputed maritime territories in the "direct contact" situations. At the expert level, Russia has elaborated on the idea to establish such a forum outlining the spectrum of the key directions of cooperation. With the urgency in the establishment of this dialogue venue, its agenda has to be coordinated with the agendas of the existing security systems presented by the US alliances and the ASE-AN-led multilateral negotiations. The practical implementation of this initiative will strengthen security in Northeast Asia as its challenges will be resolved in the pre-emptive way based on coordinated approaches. Therefore, Russia as the Eurasian state will be one of the role players in the advent of the Asian century.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1285-1288
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• 2012

Background: The Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) (formally FTND) is widely used for measuring physical dependence on nicotine. Objective: To explore the cross cultural validity and reliability of FTCD amongst Arabic speaker cigarette consumers who chew khat leaf, a stimulant green leaf. Methods: The psychometric properties of the FTCD were assessed in a subsample (91regular cigarette smokers) of purposively selected 204 UK-resident Yemeni khat chewers recruited during random visits to khat sale outlets. Data were collected via a structured face-to-face interview. Data analyses included descriptive tests and factor analysis. Results: Two factors were obtained by a principle axis factor analysis and these were termed as urgency of restoring the level of nicotine after abstinence during sleeping and maintaining the level of nicotine during waking. The internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) of the whole FTCD is low (.68) as well as for the two subscales (.60) and (.62) respectively. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FTCD scale in this sample of Yemeni khat chewers who smoked regularly confirmed what has been established in other cultural settings. The findings of this study have yet to be cross validated amongst other appropriately representative sample of Arabic speakers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.655-662
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• 2011

SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) has the ability to generate high resolution images regardless of a weather condition(e.g. visibility good or poor and day or night, etc.). SAR is considered as one of the most important powers and needs for the future since it has been utilized in a number of important military fields such as early warning, urban defense, missile guidance system, etc. Additionally there are many civilian demands and applications in aviation, traffic control, earth and space explorations, weather forecast etc. This days, the ability to acquire and analyze information is needed to cope with the urgency of global politics and international changes. In this paper, technical survey and development review for SAR systems are investigated to derive the core and immature technologies of domestic defense industry.