• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.192-198
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• 1998

제초제 paraquat의주된 독성 기전이 인체내 대사과정중 생성되는 superoxide anion radical $(O_{2-})$에 의한 것이라고 최근 보고된 바, 항산화작용을 갖는 taurine을 가지고 paraquat 독성 경감 효과 및 억제 기전에 관한 실험을 하게 되었으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 혈액생화학적인자 분석을 종합해 보면 paraquat의 독성 경감효과는 taurine, aloesin, ${\beta}-carotene$ 중 taurine이 가장 우수하였으며, aloesin도 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. In vivo에서 taurine은 혈액생화학적 검사에서 paraquat에 의해 유도된 간독성 지표인 sGPT. sGOT치, 신장독성 지표인 BUN, creatinine치 및 조직 손상의 지표인 ALP, MDA치를 정상으로 회복시켰다. 폐조직중의 MDA량, ALP 활성 및 collagen 량이 정상치로 회복이 되었다. 이로써 taurine은 paraquat의 폐독성 및 각 장기의 독성을 효과적으로 경감 시켜 준다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2001

Protein carboxyl Ο-methylation is a kind of enzymatic reaction producing carboxyl methylester catalyzed by protein carboxyl Ο-methyltransferases at the carboxyl group of amino acid residues in polypeptide. Since the finding of carboxyl methylesterl many studies have been focused on the under-standing of biological functions in eukaryotes but still not clear except for roles in Ras attachment to membrane and protein repair. In this study, we investigated the protein carboxyl methylation in porcine liver and testis in respect of identification and characterization of carboxyl methylesters and natural proteinous substrates using pH stability of the esters and electrophoresis under acidic and basic conditions. We detected several kinds of methyl esters, 3 kinds each in cytosolic fractions from liver and testis. Under the treatment of strong acid and base, the ratio between base-stable substrates and unstable ones in liver (4 : 6) was different from the ratio obtained in testis (6 : 4). The methyl accepting capacities were affected by enzymatic proteolysis between the range of 55 to 65% in liver and of 35 to 45% in testis. Separation of the methylated proteins by acidic electrophoresis in the presence of urea and SDS revealed distinctively natural substrates of 26, 33 and 80 kD in the cytosol from liver and of 14, 25, 32 and 86 kD from testis. Most of the labelling, however were lost following electrophoresis under moderate alkaline condition, except for molecules of newly detected 7 and 17 kD in livers and 15, 29, 40 and 80 kD in testis. From these results, it was proposed that protein carboxyl Ο-methylation in each organs may be catalyzed by different classes of protein carboxyl Ο-methyltransferases. In addition, it is suggested that the protein carboxyl methylation in liver and testis may have different patterns in respect of natural substrates.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2008

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of Wen-Pi-Tang-Hab-Wu-Ling-San (WHW) extract in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type-1 diabetic rats. Methods : Experimental diabetes were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Two groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats were given the following treatments for 2 weeks by oral Administrations : (1) WHW 10 mg/kg, (2) WHW 100 mg/kg. In addition, vehicle-treated diabetic and nondiabetic controls were used in the experiment. The effects of WHW extract on STZ-induced diabetes were observed by measuring the changes of body weights and the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level in sera of rats, respectively. Results : In comparison control group, WHW-treated groups (100 mg/kg) were significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, WHW-treated groups (100 mg/kg) were reduced s-creatinie levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, the changes related to diabetic nephropathy with body weight were significantly lower in WHW extract-dosing groups than in the diabetic control. Conclusions : The study thus showed that WHW extract enhanced the anti-diabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats by improving the hypoglycemia. It also increased pancreatic insulin content in these rats.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.775-781
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• 2003

옻나무(Rhus verniciflua Stokes)로부터 제초제인 paraquat(PQ)의 독성 경감기전을 추구할 목적으로 ethylacetate 분획에서 분리한 fustin 및 sulfuretin을 실험동물에 투여하고서 혈액학적 변화 및 간장 중 활성산소에 미치는 영향 검토한 결과 혈액 생화학적 인자 분석을 종합해 보면 옻나무의 메탄을 엑스(250 mg/kg), 에틸아세테이트 엑스(250 mg/kg), fustin(10 mg/kg) 및 sulfuretin(10 mg/kg)을 2주간 각각 경구투여 하고서 PQ를 투여하므로서 PQ의 독성이 유의성 있게 억제되었다. in vivo에서 옻나무의 분획 및 성분의 투여는 혈액생화학적 검사에서 PQ에 의해 유도된 간독성 지표인 s-GPT, s-GOT치, 신장독성지표인 BUN, creatinine치 및 조직손상의 지표인 ALP, MDA치를 억제하였다 폐조직중의 MDA함량, ALP활성 및 collagen함량도 억제하였다. 이로써 옻나무에는 PQ의 폐독성 및 각 장기의 독성을 효과적으로 경감시켜 줄 수 있는 물질이 함유되어 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The blue honeysuckle berry (Lonicera caerulea var. edulis L.) is a small deciduous shrub belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family that is native to Russia, China, Japan, and Korea. The berry of this shrub is edible, sweet and juicy and is commonly known as the blue honeyberry (BHB). This study examined the anti-diabetic potential of BHB on high-fat-diet-induced mild diabetic mice. The hypoglycemic, and nephroprotective effects of the 12-week oral administration of blue honeyberry extract were analyzed. MATERIALS/METHODS: The hypoglycemic effects were based on the observed changes in insulin, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, the changes in the weight of the pancreas, including its histopathology and immunohistochemical investigation were also performed. Moreover, the nephroprotective effects were analyzed by observing the changes in kidney weight, its histopathology, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels. RESULTS: The results showed that the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced control mice showed a noticeable increase in blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, BUN, and creatinine levels. Furthermore, growth was observed in lipid droplet deposition related to the degenerative lesions in the vacuolated renal tubules with the evident enlargement and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets. In addition, in the endocrine pancreas, there was an increase in the insulin-and glucagon-producing cells, as well as in the insulin/glucagon cell ratios. On the other hand, compared to the HFD-treated mice group, all these diabetic and related complications were ameliorated significantly in a dose-dependent manner after 84 days of the continuous oral administration of BHBe at 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg, and a dramatic resettlement in the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities was observed. CONCLUSIONS: By assessing the key parameters for T2DM, the present study showed that the BHBe could act as a potential herbal agent to cure diabetes (type II) and associated ailments in HFD-induced mice.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2019

Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process that maintains homeostasis and cell integrity, under stress conditions. Although the involvement of autophagy in various conditions has been elucidated, the role of autophagy in renal structure is not completely clarified. Our aim was to investigate the cytoprotective effect of autophagy against acute kidney injury (AKI) through cisplatin deteriorative pathway, which leads to AKI via renal cell degradation. For in vivo experiments, male Sprague Dawley rats were divided in to 2 groups (n = 6/group) as control, Cis-5D. Following a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin, rats were sacrificed after 5 days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and histological alterations were examined. Further, expression of key regulators of autophagy, light-clain 3 (LC3), p62, and Beclin1, was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The rats exhibited severe renal dysfunction, indicated by elevated BUN, Cr. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed histological damages in cisplatin-treated rats. Furthermore, IHC analysis revealed increased expression of LC3, Beclin1 and decreased expression of p62. Furthermore, expression of aforementioned autophagy markers was restricted to proximal tubule. Taken together, our study demonstrated that cisplatin can cause nephrotoxicity and lead to AKI. This phenomenon accelerated autophagy in renal proximal tubules and guards against AKI.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder, which is characterized by proteinuria, edema (swelling), and hyperlipidemia. Maydis Stigma (Corn silk) has been widely used in Asia as a traditional medicine and is known to have a diuretic effect and is used for the treatment of edema and indigestion. Methods: The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement effect of Maydis Stigma in treating nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with 75 mg/kg/day puromycin aminonucleoside, then treated with either Losartan or 200 mg/kg/day Maydis Stigma for seven days. Results: Maydis Stigma significantly decreased ascites and proteinuria level. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine reduced significantly by Maydis Stigma. In addition, treatment with Maydis Stigma attenuated histological damage. Treatment with Maydis Stigma also restored podocin expression and reduced inflammation markers such as intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Conclusions: Maydis Stigma ameliorates kidney injury in nephrotic syndrome rat models. Maydis Stigma exerts a renoprotective effect owing to its anti-inflammatory effects and reductions of ascites and proteinuria. Thus, these results indicate that Maydis Stigma is likely to be a promising agent in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2021

Objective: The effects of adding fermented feed to a pelleted total mixed ration (PTMR) on the growth performance of lambs remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the feed efficiency and productivity of lambs that were fed PTMR containing fermented soybean meal (FSM) or wheat bran (FWB). Methods: Sixty 90-d-old hybrid lambs were randomly allocated into 12 pens (5 lambs/pen) that were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments (3 pens/treatment) with PTMR (basal diet), 2% FSM, or Lactobacillus- or yeast-FWB (L-FWB or Y-FWB) addition in the basal diet. Results: The findings showed that lambs fed 2% FSM supplemented diet had enhanced (p<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and carcass yield (p = 0.015), while they had a decreased (p = 0.006) feed conversion ratio compared to that of other three groups. Inclusion of FSM or FWB in PTMR improved (p<0.05) the nutrient digestibility, while it reduced the urea nitrogen content in serum compared to the PTMR group. Additionally, the decreased ratio of N excretion to ADG (p<0.01) was observed with FSM and L-FWB supplementation compared with the PTMR and Y-FWB groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, feeding the fermented feed-supplemented diet improved nutrient digestibility and growth performance, and 2% FSM-supplemented diet exhibited superior production-promoting efficiency to lambs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.594-602
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• 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) as a rumen enhancer of dry matter consumption, nutrient digestibilities, ruminal ecology, microbial protein synthesis and rumimal methane production in Holstein crossbred bulls. Methods: Four animals, with an average live-weight of 200±20 kg were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the influence of DFPP supplementation. There were four different dietary treatments: without DFPP, and with 200, 300, and 400 g/h/d, respectively. Results: Results revealed that dry matter consumption of total intake, rice straw and concentrate were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). It was also found that ruminal pH was not different among treatments (p>0.05), whilst protozoal group was reduced when DFPP increased (p<0.01). Blood urea nitrogen and NH3-N concentrations were increased at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.01). Additionally, volatile fatty acid production of propionate was significantly enhanced by the DFPP supplementation (p<0.05), while production of methane was consequently decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, microbial protein synthesis and urinary purine derivatives were remarkably increased especially at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plant secondary compounds or phytonutrients (PTN) containing saponins (SP) and condensed tannins (CT) have been reported to influence rumen fermentation. DFPP contains both CT and SP as a PTN. The addition of 400 g of DFPP resulted in improved rumen fermentation end-products especially propionate (C3) and microbial protein synthesis. Therefore, DFPP is a promising rumen enhancer and indicated a significant potential of DFPP as feedstuff for ruminant feed to mitigate rumen methane production.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2022

Failure Renal is the function of the kidneys to remove waste products and keep them on the periphery. and minerals for the body. Chronic renal failure is a syndrome characterized by a slow, irreversible deterioration of renal function due to the slow destruction of renal parenchyma. Calcium is one of the important minerals that the body contains in the blood and important tissues, and it has an important role in vital processes such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction, the efficiency of heart muscle work, and blood clotting processes. The aim of the study is to study and compare calcium levels in men and women. It includes studying abnormal levels of calcium that cause many diseases, including chronic renal failure, and studying changes associated with renal failure. The method of this study was conducted on patients with chronic renal failure at Murjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon city during the period. The study included a sample of 70 patients (40 males, 30 females) with chronic renal failure, their ages ranged from 30-65, and 60 (30 males, 30 females) healthy without the disease of the same age. The result was a significant decrease in the number of red and white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and platelets in patients with chronic renal failure, The result has been showed significant level in enzymes activity for transfer of amine group (alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferas) and phosphatase alkaline and also concentration of total bilirubin in patient with compare with healthy, Significantly increases, were found in the concentration of urea, uric acid and creatinine, as well as the concentration of calcium and phosphorous ions in the blood serum of patients compared to healthy controls.