• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1285-1290
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of test day milk yield, test day evening milk yield, parity, stage of lactation and body weight on milk urea and milk protein concentration. A total of 319 milk samples was collected from buffaloes over four month's period and subjected to urea and protein analysis. Milk urea concentration (mg/dl) was significantly (p<0.01) increased with increasing test day milk yield. The lowest value ($57.03{\pm}1.13$) was observed in the milk yield group ${\leq}4.5kg/day$ and the highest value ($64.15{\pm}1.13$) in the group 7.7-10.7 kg/day. However, test day evening milk yield had no significant effect on milk urea concentration. Milk protein did not vary significantly with the test day milk yield as well as test day evening milk yield. A clear decreasing trend of milk urea concentration (mg/dl) was found with the increasing parity. The highest MU concentration ($64.03{\pm}1.14$) was found in the first parity and the lowest ($55.67{\pm}1.22$) was found in the sixth and above parity. Whereas, stage of lactation had no effect on milk urea concentration. Moreover, parity and stage of lactation did not have any significant effect on milk protein concentration. Body weight (kg) was also found negatively (p<0.05) related with urea content (mg/dl) in milk. The highest mean MU concentration ($64.34{\pm}0.88$) was found when body weight was between 532 and 598 kg and lower mean values ($59.24{\pm}0.94$ and $59.33{\pm}1.23$) were observed in 599 to 665 kg and ${\geq}666kg$ group. Body weight also had significant (p<0.05) effect on milk protein content. The highest milk protein content (%) was found in ${\geq}666kg$ group and the lowest in <531 kg group. In conclusion, for proper interpretation of milk urea values to monitor protein nutrition status of the buffaloes parity, milk yield and body weight should be considered.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2002

Environmental friendly acrylic/urea high-solid paint(MUHC) were prepared through the curing reaction of acrylics resin(EBHC) containing 70wt% of solids content and butylated urea curing agent. The synthesis of EBHC Was done at $150^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours, and the results were obtained as follows : $M_{n}=1830{\sim}2190$, $M_{w}$ $3290{\sim}4000$, $M_{w}/M_{n}$=1.80{\sim}1.83$ viscosity=$110{\sim}352$ cps, and conversion=$82{\sim}92$%. After the film was coated with MUHC, the various physical properties were measured. They showed that enhancement of the coating properties such as adhesion, flexibility, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, and water resistance could be expected through introdl1cing caprolactone acrylate component in acrylics resin for the high-solids content acrylics/urea coatings.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2021

비가림 시설에서 'Beni Balad' 포도재배 시 부숙유기질비료 및 Urea를 토양 시용에 의한 암모니아 배출량 산정과 과실품질에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같다. Urea는 처리 1일째부터 암모니아 배출량이 급격히 증가하기 시작하여 15일째에 peak를 이루다가 점차 감소하였으며 그 이후에는 다른 처리와 큰 차이는 없었다. COF2 처리는 처리 후 1일째 peak를 보이다가 점차 감소하였으며, 그 이후는 대조구와 비슷한 발생량을 나타내었다. COF1 처리는 1일째 증가하여 완만한 곡선을 이루다가 15일째에 peak를 이루고 점차 감소하여 그 이후 대조구와 비슷하였다. 140일간 암모니아 누적 배출량은 대조구 2.63, Urea 12.95, COF1 2.05, COF2 3.97 kg NH₃-N ha^-1 day^-1 이었다. 토양내 무기성분 함량이 COF2에서 암모니아태 질소는 유의하게 높았으며 수확시 엽병의 T-N 농도는 COF1 처리보다 COF2 처리가 0.1% 감소하였다. P와 K 농도는 COF1 처리로 인하여 증가하였으나 Ca와 Mg 농도는 차이가 없었다. 과실품질은 Urea 처리는 과피의 경도, 가용성 고형물 및 안토시아닌 함량은 증가하였고, COF1 처리는 가용성고형물 및 안토시아닌 함량은 증가하였으며, 산 함량은 전 처리 모두 증가하였다. 그러나 과중, 과방크기, Hunter L, a, b값에는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 포도나무 Beni Balad 품종에서 Urea, 부숙유기질비료의 토양 시용 시 암모니아 배출량 산정에 기초자료가 될 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

본 연구는 가축분뇨의 시용수준과 이의 효과를 증진시키기 위한 추가적인 화학비료 시용수준이 사료작물의 생산성과 이에 의한 환경오염에 미치는 영향에 대한 것으로써, lysimeter에서 옥수수에 대한 액상발효우분 시용수준과 추가적인 요소N의 시용수준에 따라 질소의 이용효율과 함께 NO$_3$$^{-}$의 용탈에 의한 환경오염에 미치는 영향을 정확히 규명, 가축분뇨의 자원화는 물론 가축분뇨에 의한 환경오염 방지대책 수립을 하고자 수행하였는데 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수의 건물수량은 액상발효우분 및 요소 시용수준이 증가함에 따라 비례적으로 증가하였다. 2. 옥수수 중의 전질소 함량은 액상발효우분 및 요소의 시용수준이 증가함에 따라 증가를 하였다. 3. 용탈수 중의 NO$_3$$^{-}$ 함량은 평균 7.58ppm (6.27~9.02ppm)으로 매우 낮았고 시용수준간에도 차이가 거의 없었다. 그러나 강우량이 높은 시기에 NO$_3$￣의 용탈 함량도 증가하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (SRNF) on the growth of radish plants. Wastepaper was deinked by alkaline solution and SRNF was produced from fertilizer impregnated wastepaper, which applied to an experimental plot compared with a urea fertilized plot. The plant height and total chlorophyll content of the radishes were higher while they were treated with SRNF than with urea. Some agronomic and chemical components were also observed and significant differences between the two fertilizers were found. When the soil was treated with SRNF, the pH, organic matter and total nitrogen content were higher than in the soil which was treated with urea.

• Carbon letters
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• 제19권
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• pp.40-46
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• 2016

Nitrogen-atom doped graphene oxide was considered to prevent the dissolution of polysulfide and to guarantee the enhanced redox reaction of sulfur for good cycle performance of lithium sulfur cells. In this study, we used urea as a nitrogen source due to its low cost and easy preparation. To find the optimum urea content, we tested three different ratios of urea to graphene oxide. The morphology of the composites was examined by field emission scanning electron microscope. Functional groups and bonding characterization were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry in an organic electrolyte solution. Compared with thermally reduced graphene/sulfur (S) composite, nitrogen-doped graphene/S composites showed higher electroactivity and more stable capacity retention.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1990

This study was carried out to search for growth and quality -of turfgrass by Nitrogen source (Urea Ammonium sulphate) and organic matter, and to obtain methods of pr6per turfgrass management by the results. This experiment was conducted in turf field from 1988 to 1989. The results of this experiment was summarized as follows; 1.Without application of organic matter, turfgrass growth between urea and ammonium sulphate was not significant, however ammonium sulphate resulted in superior to urea in total dry weight when organic matter was applied. 2.The addition of organic matter showed significant effect on color rating and visible quality, and ammonium sulphate was higher quality than urea. 3.Shoot density increased, particularly in ammonium sulphate treatment, when organic matter was applied. 4.Rhizome and stolon were shown significant effect in urea treatment by the application of organic matter. 5.Surface soil pH was allowed to become slightly acid by the ammonium sulphate treatments, but soil acidity remained mostly unaffected when organic matter was supplied. 6.Total nitrogen of log tissue and organic matter content increased when organic matter w-as applied.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.845-852
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• 2008

The goal of this study was to determine whether galanin affects the mean plasma concentrations of metabolic parameters such as thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucagon, glucose, fatty acid and urea in goats fed diets differing in energy content. Sixteen goats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Animals in groups 1 and 2 were fed 100% and animals in groups 3 and 4 were fed 50% energy content in the diet for 20 days. After 20 days, animals in groups 1 and 3 received a daily infusion of $1{\mu}g$ galanin and groups 2 and 4 received a daily infusion of $2{\mu}g$ galanin into their third ventricle for 5 days. Blood samples were collected daily from the jugular vein before infusion on day 4 until 4 days after the last infusion of galanin. Samples were assayed for plasma T3, T4, GH, insulin and glucagon concentrations by double-antibody RIA. Glucose, fatty acid and urea concentrations were also measured. Lower dietary energy intake and infusions of 1 and $2{\mu}g$ galanin significantly (p<0.01) decreased the mean plasma concentrations of T3, T4, insulin and glucose and significantly (p<0.01) increased the mean plasma concentrations of GH, glucagon, fatty acid and urea of the animals in groups 3 and 4. Different dosages of the galanin infusions did not change the plasma concentrations of the metabolic parameters in the animals fed a normal dietary energy content. The results of this experiment indicated that galanin may negatively affect T3, T4, insulin and glucose and increase GH, glucagon, fatty acid and urea in goats with negative energy balance, but not in those with positive energy balance.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1997

Recently the method of basal compound fertilizer (N : P : K = 18.2 : 9.8 : 35.0) Placement has been changed from banding to broadcasting in tobacco cultivation. The effects of the compound fertilizer placement, level of fertilizer and additional urea application on the agronomic characteristics, two chemical compositions and physical Properties of burley tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. KB 108) were investigated at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute in 1995-1996. Six treatments consisted of (1) band (method of fertilizer Placement) + In kg/10a(compound fertilizer) + 0(additional urea applied), (2) broadcast+140+0, (3) broadcast+140+25, (4) band+180+0, (5) broadcast+180+0, and (6) broadcast +180+25. The additional urea was applied at hilling. No significant differences were detected between banding and broadcasting method of compound fertilizer Placement in field 9rowth, wield, organoleptic qualify(price Per kilogram), chemical composition and Physical properties of cured leaf, The increased compound fertilizer by 30%(40k/10a) or the additional urea application by 25kg per 10a produced slightly higher yield than the recommended amount of basal compound fertilizer without additional urea application did. It also increased the total alkaloid content of cured leaf. It is recommended that no more basal fertilizer above the recommended amount and no additional urea application are needed in burley tobacco fertilization, even though the method of basal fertilizer placement being chanced from banding to broadcasting. Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, fertilizer placement, additional urea.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 2003

Environmental friendly acrylics/urea high-solid paints (BEHCU) were prepared through the curing reaction of acrylics resin(BEHC) containing 70wt% of solids content and butylated urea curing agent. BEHC was synthesized by addition copolymerization of caprolactone acrylate(CLA), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate(2-HPMA), ethyl methacrylate, and n-butyl acrylate. The addition polymerization of these monomers, especially including flexible CLA monomer and 2-HPMA monomer with OH funtional group, under appropriate reaction conditions resulted in polymers with controlled glass transition temperature($T_g$) and crosslinking density. The molecular weight($M_w$) of these polymers(BEHCs) was 2940${\sim}$3240 and polydispersity ($M_w/M_n$) was in the range of 1.61${\sim}$1.72. The viscosity and the molecular weight of these acrylic resins increased with increasing $T_g$. The coated films were prepared using curing reaction between BEHC resin and butylated urea curing agent at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Our experimental resulted showed that enhancement of the coating properties such as adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, water resistance, and abrasion resistance could be expected through introducing CLA component in acrylic resin for the high-solid content acrylics/urea coatings.