• 무역학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.119-132
• /
• 2020

In this paper we explore the two analyses to know the urbanization effect on trade. First, the granger causality test to examine the relationship between trade and urbanization. The Granger causality test is a statistical hypothesis test for determining whether one time series is useful for forecasting another. The results indicated that the existence of a bidirectional causality running from trade to urbanization when six lags were applied. When eight lags were applied, we found unidirectional causality running from urbanization to trade. Second, gravity models were used to investigate the urbanization effect on trade. The production cost and specification are affected by the economies of scale, and the economies of scale increased as the greater geographically agglomeration. However, the gravity model to explain the bilateral trade flows ignores the urbanization variables. Therefore we added the urbanization variable represented as the geographically agglomeration into gravity model. The results show that the degree of urbanization of both countries has statistically positive effect on trade (export and import) and the bigger coefficients of trade partner's urbanization. The reason is that the trade share of industrial supplies, intermediate goods and capital goods is much higher than finished consumer goods. The urbanization is more important the improved the efficiency of production than demand market.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.1477-1485
• /
• 2012

This study examined urbanization effects and the causes of urbanization, urban population growth, increase of the city scale, land cover change, and human cultures and economic activities, using the daily minimum temperatures of the past 50 years (1961-2010) with the subject of Busan and analyzed correlations between urbanization effects and the causes of urbanization. Thereby, this paper drew a conclusion as below: 1) Due to the urbanization effects, the average annual daily minimum temperature increased as about $1.2^{\circ}C$; however, except for the factor of urbanization, the increase was shown as about $0.2^{\circ}C$. The occupancy of urbanization effects in the total temperature increase was quite high as about 83%. 2) Just like other cities experiencing urbanization, Busan, too, sees population growth and the expansion of city area as well as increased urbanization effects. First of all, correlation between population growth and urbanization effect was high as 0.96 before 1985 while it was lowered as 0.19 after 1985. Also, correlation between the increase of city area and urbanization effect was high as 0.64 and 0.79 before and after 1985. 3) Regarding the correlation between long-term land use change and urbanization effect, urbanization effect was affected greatly by the increase of city area (0.97) and reduction of green area (0.92). 4) Concerning human activities possible to affect the climatic factors of a city, this paper found the following factors: road length, car increase, power use, and the consumer price index, etc. And regarding the correlation between the three factors and urbanization effect, the correlation was higher in the consumer price index (0.97), the number of registered cars (0.89), power use (0.75), and road length (0.58) in order.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권7호
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2020

This article aims to measure the impact of economic growth and urbanization on poverty reduction in Vietnam, and verify whether economic growth and urbanization will help reduce poverty rates. Data for this study are tabular data related to growth, urbanization and poverty at the provincial level for the period of nine years, from 2006 to 2014 provided by the Vietnam General Statistics Office and the Vietnam General Department of Customs. The level of economic growth and urbanization mentioned in the study is reflected in such indicators as GDP value, exports value, imports value, urbanization rate and employment rate. The authors used logistic regression models with fixed-effects and logistic regression models with random effects. With 5% confidence level tested by the Chi-Square test of Hausman trial with the fixed-effect model, research results show that: (1) factors with significant negative impact on the poverty rate include imports value, urbanization rate and, employment rate; (2) factors that do not affect the poverty rate include exports value and GDP value. Based on the research results, this study proposes a number of policy recommendations to help promote economic growth, to sustain the urbanization process, and to contribute directly and positively to poverty reduction in Vietnam.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제40권8호
• /
• pp.629-641
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 우리나라 최대 도시인 서울지점에서의 도시화의 영향을 강우자료의 분석을 통해 파악하였다. 서울지점 강우의 도시화 영향을 파악하기 위해 관측길이가 길고 도시화의 정도가 상대적으로 덜한 전주지점과 관측 기록의 길이는 짧으나 서울 인근지점으로 도시화의 영향이 매우 적을 것으로 판단되는 이천지점의 강우자료를 비교 대상으로 이용하였다. 또한 도시화의 영향에 해당하는 서울지점과 전주지점의 강우량 차이를 간섭모형을 이용하여 정량화 하였다. 그 결과, 연최대치 호우사상의 최대강우강도는 점점 증가하는 추세이며, 총지속시간의 경우는 전체기간에 대해 감소하는 경향이고, 특히 1960년 이후에는 그 평균이 과거보다 현저히 감소하는 추세임을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 간섭분석을 통해 1960년 이후의 도시화가 강우에 미친 영향을 정량화한 결과 도시화에 의한 강우강도 및 강우량의 증가 양상이 지속되고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.310-323
• /
• 2023

도시화 현상과 소득분배 문제는 세계적 관심사이며, 소득불평등에 도시화가 미치는 영향에 대한 연구들의 결과는 분석 국가와 기간마다 상이하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 2000-2021년 기간의 지역 데이터를 사용하여 우리나라 소득불평등에 도시화가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 특히 지니계수에 시차 자기상관과 공간의존성 및 공통요인 효과가 존재함을 확인하고, 이를 고려한 동적공간패널회귀모형을 통해 분석하였다. 추정 결과, 지역의 도시화는 소득불평등 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 소득분배 문제의 개선을 위해 지역별 도시화를 지속적으로 추진할 필요가 있으며, 이미 도시화율이 높은 지역은 저숙련 노동자의 교육훈련 기회 확대로 임금격차를 줄임으로써 소득불평등을 감소시켜야 하며, 도시화 종착 단계에서 발생할 수 있는 역도시화 현상을 방지하기 위한 방안을 마련해야 한다.

• 국제지역연구
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.91-112
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 중국을 대상으로 도시화와 에너지소비의 동태적 관계를 살펴보았다. 시계열의 동일 적분 차수와 많은 자료가 있어야 하는 전통적인 방법의 대안으로 적분 차수에 상관없고, 소표본에 강건한 ARDL(한계검정법)과 Toda-Yamamoto 인과성 분석이 적용되었다. 분석 결과 도시화 소득, 에너지 소비는 장기적인 균형관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 도시화와 소득은 장기적으로 에너지 소비에 양(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 도시화와 소득의 단기 변동은 에너지 소비 변동에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 조정계수는 통계적으로 유의한 -0.2395로 직전 연도의 장기균형관계에 발생한 충격은 당기에 23.95% 회복되었다. 인과성 검정에서는 소득과 에너지 소비는 상호 예측하는 데 유용하지만, 도시화는 다른 변수와 인과성이 없어 약 외생적인 것으로 나타났다. 중국의 도시화 과정은 정부에 의해 계획적으로 장기간에 걸쳐 이루어진 현상으로 도시화의 장기영향은 단기영향보다 명확하게 나타나고, 외생적인 특성을 내포한다고 볼 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 2002

1951-1980 평년기온 대비 1971-2000 평년기온 상승을 남한지역 14개 관측소 소재 시군의 1966년 대비 1990년의 인구증가 자연대수값에 회귀시켜 통계적으로 유의한 관계식을 얻었다. 이 관계식을 이용하여 도시화에 따른 승온효과를 제거할 경우, 순수한 지구 온난화 효과는 12월부터 4월 사이의 한후기에만 인정되며, 나머지 계절에는 나타나지 않았다. 남한지역의 한후기 일평균기온은 지구온난화에 의해 최대 0.6$^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였으며 일최저기온보다 일최고기온 상승폭이 컸다. 도시화에 따른 승온효과는 최대 0.3$^{\circ}C$에서 0.5$^{\circ}C$로 연 중(4월 제외) 고르게 나타났지만, 주로 일최저기온의 상승을 주도하였고 일최고기온 상승에는 거의 영향이 없었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.944-944
• /
• 2012

Urbanization leads to a change of hydrologic responses because impervious area is increased by urbanization. Decrease of groundwater recharge and increase of overland flow are general hydrologic characteristics caused by urbanization. This can be a source of damages such as increased flooding and reduced groundwater levels. Daily streamflow in Gabcheon watershed, South Korea is simulated by ARCSWAT model, an extension of SWAT2005. After calibration and validation of model, the simulated daily streamflow from 1997 to 2001 are statistically analyzed. The phenomenon that $T_{Qmean}$ is inversly proportional to coefficient of variation for the simulated daily streamflow is demonstrated. Also, hydrologic response was more influenced by weather than land use for high flow. This study also examines the effect of land use change on daily streamflow with spatially and quantitatively different land use maps. The simulated stream flow is tested by Mann-Whitney method. The median between stream flows simulated for 1990 and 2000 land use maps is significantly different, but the simulated streamflow for spatially different land use maps is almost unchanged.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.561-572
• /
• 2021

This study aims to analyze the causality between GDP per capita, urbanization, and education. This also aims to determine the long-term and short-term relationships between economic urbanization, education, and GDP per capita by applying Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Data was obtained from the World Bank and UNDP from 1990 to 2018. The estimation results showed that economic growth and education on urbanization have the strongest causality in VECM. Therefore, they are pull factors with a significant effect in the long and the short term. Some suggestions concerning policy implications were stated, and they include: forming area-based urbanization, where cities within one area are integrated, to get the impact of an agglomeration economy. Also, the government needs to accelerate the distribution of infrastructure and public facilities in various regions to avoid population density in one area due to urbanization, and government needs to pay attention to easier access to education and more equitable ones in various regions. On the contrary, after education is evenly distributed in all regions, the government needs to pay attention to transportation access and infrastructure.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.401-409
• /
• 2012

This study examines the climatological variability of urban area and the increase of temperature by urbanization using the observed data of Busan and Mokpo during the last 100 years (1910~2010). The results are as follows. First, the maximum temperature in Busan during the last 100 years has increased by $1.5^{\circ}C$ while average temperature and the minimum temperature have increased by $1.6^{\circ}C$ and $2^{\circ}C$. In Mokpo, the maximum temperature and average temperature have increased by $1^{\circ}C$ and the minimum temperature has increased by $0.8^{\circ}C$. The increase of urban temperature appeared to be higher in Busan than in Mokpo by $0.5^{\circ}C{\sim}1.2^{\circ}C$. Second, as for the change in temperature before and after urbanization, the maximum temperature, average temperature and the minimum temperature during last 50 years compared to the previous 50 years have increased about $1.5^{\circ}C$, $1.6^{\circ}C$ and $2.1^{\circ}C$, however, the predicted temperature after removing urbanization effect was estimated to be increased by $1^{\circ}C$. The proportion that urbanization takes on the overall increase of temperature appeared to be 33% at the maximum temperature, 37.5% at average temperature and 52.3% at the minimum temperature, thus the proportion of urbanization appeared to be maximized at the minimum temperature.