• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2020

Eutrophication of surface waters is commonly caused by excessive inputs of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Nakdong River basin was chosen as the study area to investigate the effect of point and non-point source pollution of nitrogen on eutrophication in water body. Non-point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for approximately 84% in the total nitrogen input of the upper Nakdong river watershed, which mainly consists of agricultural land and forests. However, point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for 58~85% in the total nitrogen input of the middle and lower watersheds, including urban area. Therefore, for watershed near urban area, control of point source inputs of nitrogen may be an optimal method to control eutrophication. In this respect, the enforcing reduction of nitrogen in the final effluent of wastewater treatment facilities is needed. On the other hand, to enact more stringent nitrogen regulations, the LOT (limit of technology) and environmental impact should be considered. In this study nitrogen data were analyzed to propose new nitrogen regulations.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1183-1187
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• 2003

Five new satellite image interpretation modules are developed. The modules are for: 1) construction of a realistic color image, 2) feature recognition by intensity filtering, 3) removal of spurious spots by next -neighbor count comparison, 4) deviation-amplification filtering, and 5) feature recognition by spectral distribution pattern. The modules were applied to a set of IKONOS images of 8 x 8 km area of the city of Daejeon, Korea, to recognize the distribution of various features such as water resources, playgrounds, forests, etc.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2017

Improving the urban environmental quality relies mainly on the increasing of urban forests capacity to store carbon dioxide. This study assesses the floristic diversity of urban institutional lands in Bukavu and their potential to reduce atmospheric $CO_2$. An exhaustive inventory over three sites ($Coll{\grave{e}}ge$ Alfajiri, $Cath{\acute{e}}drale$ Notre-Dame de la Paix and Institut $Sup{\acute{e}}rieur$ $P{\acute{e}}dagogique$) of Bukavu led to the identification of 1,113 trees of which the diameter at breast height (1.30 m) ranged from 4.9 to 161 cm. Results reveal a floristic diversity made up of 4 families of conifers with 4 species and 14 of broadleaves with 21 species. Average densities were of $54trees\;ha^{-1}$ and $5.21m^2\;ha^{-1}$ of basal area. Urban-based allometric equations used yielded up to 312.8 tons of carbon stored in trees aboveground biomass equivalent to 1,147.9 tons of $CO_2$ reduced from the atmosphere over the three sites. The rate of carbon storage reaches $15.1tons\;ha^{-1}$. Thus, trees of the three institutional sites in Bukavu play an important role in reducing atmospheric $CO_2$ and contribute, thereby, to mitigate global climate change effects. Given the current environmental challenge associated with high population growth rate in cities, the urban forest ecosystem in DRC requires to be extended and further investigation.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2015

In this research, the connectivity status between natural environment (forests and rivers) and urban parks in view of ecological networks in a city is evaluated and on the basis of these evaluation results, a future connectivity enhancing recommendations are suggested. As a result, the 96.8% of the connectivity role of the neighborhood parks were core or connected parks and as in terms of the ecological pattern on the outer park, 84.1% of the case neighborhood parks were connected to the ecological element at least one side. Therefore, it can be expected to play a role as corridor that enables the direct connection with the natural environment if the connection plan is well established. As a result of connectivity evaluation of the parks, inside of the parks had low ecological element overall and had low connectivity, outside of the parks had 1.5 times more of low connectivity parks than high connectivity parks, and had similar disconnections such as facilities(fence, soundproof walls, breast walls, etc.), developments(roads, apartment complexes, industrial complexes, etc.), or poor greens regardless of the neighborhood with the ecological elements. To increase the connectivity of ecological network, the cities already built shall secure primarily green territory where can connect with the isolated park due to the surrounding with the developing areas and when planning for new cities or residential complexes, it shall establish a connection plan with the nearby at the beginning.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.665-675
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the home range and habitat use of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum individuals that inhabit urban areas. The bats were tracked using GPS tags. For analysis of the home rage, Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) and Kernel Home Range (KHR) methods were used. The landscape types of all positional information were analyzed using ArcGIS 9.3.1 (ESRI Inc.). The average home range of 16 R. ferrumequinum individuals was $68.63{\pm}25.23ha$, and the size of the overall home range for the females ($85.49{\pm}25.40ha$) was larger than that for the males ($51.76{\pm}8.30ha$). The highest average home range for the males was found in August ($61.21{\pm}0.01ha$), whereas that for the females was found in September ($112.27{\pm}5.94ha$). The size of 50% KHR ranged from a minimum of 13.26 ha to a maximum of 31.00 for the males and a minimum of 8.02 ha to a maxinum of 42.16 ha for the females, showing no significant differences between the two sexes. In addition, males and females showed no differences in the size of 50% KHR in the monthly comparisons. However, the females showed differences in the size of their core area between periods before and after giving birth. The comparisons between 100% MCP and 50% KHR showed that the types of habitats used by R. ferrumequinum were mostly forest areas, including some farmlands. In addition, comparisons with a land cover map showed that the proportion of broad-leaved forests was the highest, followed by that of mixed forests.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.329-329
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• 2022

Accurate characterization of terrestrial precipitation variation from high spatial resolution satellite sensors is beneficial for urban hydrology and microscale agriculture modeling, as well as natural disasters (e.g., urban flooding) early warning. However, the widely-used top-down approach for precipitation retrieval from microwave satellites is limited in several hydrological and agricultural applications due to their coarse spatial resolution. In this research, we aim to apply a novel bottom-up method, the parameterized SM2RAIN, where precipitation can be estimated from soil moisture signals based on an inversion of water balance model, to generate high spatial resolution terrestrial precipitation estimates at 0.01º grid (roughly 1-km) from the C-band SAR Sentinel-1. This product was then tested against a common reanalysis-based precipitation data and a domestic rain gauge network from the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) over central South Korea, since a clear difference between climatic types (coasts and mainlands) and land covers (croplands and mixed forests) was reported in this area. The results showed that seasonal precipitation variability strongly affected the SM2RAIN performances, and the product derived from separated parameters (rainy and non-rainy seasons) outperformed that estimated considering the entire year. In addition, the product retrieved over the mainland mixed forest region showed slightly superior performance compared to that over the coastal cropland region, suggesting that the 6-day time resolution of S1 data is suitable for capturing the stable precipitation pattern in mainland mixed forests rather than the highly variable precipitation pattern in coastal croplands. Future studies suggest comparing this product to the traditional top-down products, as well as evaluating their integration for enhancing high spatial resolution precipitation over entire South Korea.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

토양침식은 산악지역에서 산림조성에 중요한 문제를 일으키며 비옥한 토양을 침식시켜 식생의 성장을 저해시키며 인도에서 수집한 자료와 GIS를 이용하여 인도의 서부산맥 모야유역의 토양침식을 분석하였다. 주제도의 레이어로 산림, 지형경사, 배수 등에 대한 자료가 사용되었으며 토양침식 지도분석에서 48%의 지역이 중간정도의 침식을 보였다. 또한 35%지역은 높은 침식을 보였으며 가장 높은 침식은 식생지역의 7%를 차지하였다. 이러한 토양침식 분석도는 유역에서의 토양침식을 방지하기 위한 대책을 수립하는데 주요한 자료가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2002

주로 도시에 소재하는 표준기상관측소 자료의 공간 내삽에 의해 일 최저기온의 평년값을 추정할 때, 도시 열섬효과의 전이에 의해 전원지역에서 과다추정 되는 오류를 수정하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 도시열섬효과의 공간적인 확산을 모의하기 위해 먼저 불연속적인 변량인 시군 행정구역단위 인구를 지표피복도 상의 시가지 픽셀에만 할당하여 규칙적인 격자점 단위의 평균인구로 변환함으로써 연속적인 변량인 수치인구모형(DPM)으로 표현하였다. 다섯 가지 평활화 DPM 가운데 최적으로 판명된 사방 2.5 km DPM과 기온추정 오차간 회귀식을 기존의 거리-고도 보정 내삽과정에 결합하였다. 이 방법을 적용하여 추정된 평년(1971-2000) 월별 일 최저기온의 추정오차는 기존방법에 비해 최소 50%가 개선되었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.37-51
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• 1998

This study was carried out to lead the scientific management of the urban forest by estimating the forest environment. Forest environmental information was constructed using IDRISI system based on survey data, soil, plant, and digital elevation data. Forest environmental information was consisted of soil depth, soil organic content, soil hardness and parent rock as a soil environmental factor, and forest community, tree age, crown density as a plant environmental factor. Plant activity and topographic environment also were analyzed by using remote sensing data and digital elevation data. Environmental function of urban forest was estimated based on results of soil conservation and forest productivity. 70% of urban forest is located in elevation of lower than 200m and 55% of forest area have the slope of lower than 15 degree. Analyzed soil conservation status and forest productivity were almost the same as the soil chemical properties of collected soil sample and the vegetation index estimated using remote sensing data, respectively. Thus, the constructed forest environmental information could be useful to give some ideas for management of urban forest ecosystem and establishment of environmental conservation planning, including forests, in Taejon. The best forest environmental function was appeared at the natural ecology preservation zone. Current natural parks and urban parks were appeared to establish the environmental conservation plan for further development. The worst forest environmental function was appeared at the forest near to the industrial area and an overall and systematic plan was required for the soil management and high forest productivity because these forest was developing a severe soil acidification and having a low forest productivity.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.176-186
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• 2023

도시열섬(Urban Heat Island; UHI)은 도시가 인근 지역에 비해 뜨거운 현상을 의미하며 도시 내부의 건물의 구성, 토지피복의 종류 등이 변화하기 때문에 발생한다. 도시열섬을 완화하기 위한 방법으로 녹지공간의 조성인데, 녹지가 제공하는 냉각효과의 경우 녹지의 내부 구성 요소 및 녹지의 크기에 따라 변화한다. 본 연구는 다양한 토지피복으로 구성된 수원시를 대상으로 녹지의 크기와 녹지를 구성하는 요소들에 따른 냉각효과의 차이를 확인하고, 녹지의 인근 토지피복에 따라 녹지로부터 제공되는 냉각효과의 차이를 고찰하고자 한다. 연구 결과, 녹지의 초기 온도는 산림의 비율이 높을수록, 그리고 호수가 존재할수록 낮아졌다. 냉각효과 중 하나인 냉각강도는 숲의 비율이 높을수록 강해졌지만, 초기 온도가 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 다만 냉각 거리는 녹지의 크기나 구성에 따라 달라지지 않음을 확인했다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시의 계획 시 열섬을 완화하기 위한 녹지 설계 방안을 제시한 다는 점에 의의를 가진다.