• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.147-159
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• 2014

Public transportation ridership and walkability of urban district can be enhanced through high quality of TOD(Transit Oriented Development) elements. Generally, TOD have been evaluated several physical components such as the diversity of land use pattern, accessibility of public transportation and aspects of urban design around the station area. Especially, Spatial characteristics of TOD planning elements have many potential dependent when considering the characteristics of Rail Station-Influenced Area Development which is performing around subway station. Therefore, researchers should be considering the variation of spatial properties for planning elements according the set of spatial area and their socioeconomic factors. However, existing many cases related TOD does not consider about this point. In this paper, the changes of TOD characteristics were analyzed by different spatial units surrounding subway station in Busan Metropolitan City. Multiple Regression Analysis was performed for an investigation of effective spatial unit of TOD planning elements in this area using subway ridership data. In addition, the application validity of socioeconomic variables was examined through a comparative analysis of regression results with the multiple regression that implied only physical TOD elements. As the result, the variation of spatial properties for TOD planning elements according to the set of spatial unit was found. Furthermore, the specific spatial unit to applicable TOD elements in this area was derived. And the multiple regression model which added socioeconomic variables was derived more improved estimate results than the multiple regression model that implied only physical TOD elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.179-189
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• 2000

This study is tried to organic combination in implementing the suitability analysis of urban landuse between GSIS and ANN(Artificial Neural Network). ANN has merit that can decide rationally connectivity weights among neural network nodes through procedure of learning. It is estimated to be possible that replacing the weight among factors needed in spatial analysis of the connectivity weight on neural network. This study is composed of two kinds of neural networks to be executed. First neural network was used in the suitability analysis of landuse and second one was oriented to analyze of optimum landuse pattern. These neural networks were learned with back-propagation algorithm using the steepest gradient which is embodied by C++ program and used sigmoid function as a active function. Analysis results show landuse suitability map and optimum landuse pattern of study area consisted of residental, commercial. industrial and green zone in present zoning system. Each result map was written by the Grid format of Arc/Info. Also, suitability area presented in the suitability map and optimum landuse pattern show distribution pattern consistent with theroretical concept or urban landuse plan in aspect of location and space structure.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.301-311
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• 2018

Recently, the flood inundation caused by heavy rainfall in urban area is increasing due to global warming. The variability of climate change is described in the IPCC 5th report (2014). The precipitation pattern and hydrological system is varied by climate change. Since the heavy rainfall surpassed the design capacity of the pipeline, it caused great damage in metropolitan cities such as Seoul and Busan. Inundation in urban area is primarily caused by insufficient sewer capacity and surplus overflow of river. Inundation in urban area with concentrated population is more dangerous than rural and mountains areas, because it is accompanied by human casualties as well as socio-economic damage to recover destruction of roads, brides and underground spaces. In addition, various factors such as an increase in impervious area, a short time of concentration to outlet, and a shortage of sewer capacity's lack increase flooding damage. In this study, flood inundation analysis was conducted for vulnerable areas using XP-SWMM. Also, three structural flood prevention measures such as drainage pipeline construction, detention reservoir construction, and flood pumping station construction are applied as flood damage prevention alternatives. The flood data for each alternative were extracted by dividing the basin by grid. The Spatial Compromise Programming are applied using flood assessment criteria, such as maximum inundation depth, inundation time, and construction cost. The purpose of this study is to reflect the preference of alternatives according to geographical condition even in the same watershed and to select flood defense alternative considering regional characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.498-510
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• 2002

This study has the following two focuses to analyze the changes in national-level locational pattern of the U.S. professional sports franchises during 1950-2001. The first is to empirically clarify spatial orientation in the changing locational pattern of sports franchises. The second is to identify compared characteristics of the relocation cases reflecting the orientation to other cases, for the variables indicative of franchises' and leagues' pursuits of their relocation-related interests ultimately affecting franchises' relocations, by employing a legit model. As a result of the analyses, sports franchises and leagues, respectively have shown spatial orientation toward relocating to and toward locating new franchises in southern and western areas, responding to the changes in U.S. urbanization pattern. And, relocation cases reflecting the orientation have displayed a feature of the higher annual population growth rate in destination urban area than in origin area, in comparison to other cases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2 s.121
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to create a planting design for progressive realization. For this, visual preferences as measured via questionnaire were evaluated by the Scenic Beauty Estimation(SBE) and paired comparison methods. The results can be summarized as follows. Through photo observation, the average visual blockage ratio was 38% and the range of degree of the visual blockage ratio was $30{\sim}50%$. The sketch simulation and filtered pattern received the highest preference score and fumed out to be the most practical pattern out of all the patterns evaluated. Also, in the sketch simulation, the high preference values were observed for a distance of 9 to 12m from the view point to the blockage tree with a D/H ratio of 2. The preference score significantly decreased with the increase of the visual blockage ratio having a turning point at $30{\sim}35%$ of the visual blockage ratio, even though the distance parameters were more important than the visual blockage ratio in the scores. An outstanding view must be handled properly to be preserved or accentuated. Framed, open, enclosed, screened or filtered pattern views should be completely revealed only from their best vantage point, not given away at first glimpse. It this sense, parallax spatial beauty with trees could be improved through the visual aspects of plan arrangements and seems to be an effective design technique for landscape planning and planting design.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.167-178
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• 2014

As large-scale housing sites are being developed rapidly in Sejong City, which was launched in 2012 for resolving the adverse effects of overconcentration in the capital area, promoting balanced development of the country, and reinforcing national competitiveness, changes in spatial structure are expected in the surrounding areas. For setting the directions of urban planning, it is essential to understand changes in spatial structure. This study purposed to measure changes in the spatial structure of neighboring areas resulting from the construction of Sejong City by approaching from the aspect of spatial interaction. In the analysis, we calculated population potential for future spatial interaction using the accessibility model, and interpreted quantitatively and qualitatively the outcomes of spatial interaction among neighboring areas before and after the construction of Sejong City using population potential as an indicator. According to the results of the analysis, the impact range of the population potential of the subject areas had been shrinking continuously since 1995, and in 2013 population potential dispersed as the population concentrated on and around Cheonan City. Although Sejong City, as a new area of population potential, was not found to play the role of a pivotal point for the surrounding areas, it is probably because the analysis was made just after people began to move to Sejong City. Accordingly, along with the effort of Sejong City to reach the planned population, it is necessary to keep monitoring changes in related factors and changes in the spatial structure of the surrounding cities resulting from the growth of population.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.8-12
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• 1999

Since the advent of high resolution satellite image, possibilities of applying various human interpretation mechanism to these images have increased. Also many studies about these possibilities in many fields such as computer vision, pattern recognition, artificial intellegence and remote sensing have been done. In this field of these studies, texture is defined as a kind of quantity related to spatial distribution of brightness and tone and also plays an important role for interpretation of images. Especially, methods of obtaining texture by statistical model have been studied intensively. Among these methods, texture measurement method based on cooccurrence matrix is highly estimated because it is easy to calculate texture features compared with other methods. In addition, these results in high classification accuracy when this is applied to satellite images and aerial photos. But in the existing studies using cooccurrence matrix, features have been chosen arbitrarily without considering feature variation. And not enough studies have been implemented for appropriate resolution selection in which cooccurrence matrix can extract texture. Therefore, this study reviews the concept of cooccurrence matrix as a texture measurement method, evaluates usefulness of several features obtained from cooccurrence matrix, and proposes appropriate resolution by investigating variance trend of several features.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

The paper takes the rural housings of the Chaoxian nationality of Ham-kyeongdo in the three provinces in Northeast China as research object, to discuss the spatial form andthe characteristic of the change in the housing. The research result shows that the dwellings' plane forms in the Tumen River, the coast of Yalu River and the Sino Russian border are mainly traditional "Jeong-ji central type (J)", while in Heilongjiang are mainly "Jeong-ji and corridor central type (J-C)". In the evolution of living space and behavior patterns, there appears sliding door and partition between Jeongjibang and kitchen in the former, and Badang space in the front of the Kang and the behavior pattern remains its original seat-type lifestyle mainly. While there forms Dikang space and living space in the process of different cultures blend and modernization in the later and appears some upright-type behavior patterns. There is distinct characteristic in regional changes in both.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2020

Since it was first studied in 1980, solar energy analysis model for geographic information systems has been used to determine the approximate spatial distribution of terrain. However, the spatial pattern was not able to be grasped in 3D (three-dimensional) space with low accuracy due to the limitation of input data. Because of computational efficiency, using a constant value for the brightness of the sky caused the simulation results to be less reliable especially when the slope is high or buildings are crowded around. For the above reasons, this study proposed a model that predicts solar energy of vertical surfaces of buildings with four stages below. Firstly, CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) luminance distribution model was used to calculate the brightness distribution of the sky using NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) solar tracking algorithm. Secondly, we suggested a method of calculating the shadow effect using ray tracing. Thirdly, LOD (Level of Detail) 3 of 3D spatial data was used as input data for analysis. Lastly, the accuracy was evaluated based on the atmospheric radiation data collected through the ground observation equipment in Daejeon, South Korea. As a result of evaluating the accuracy, NMBE was 5.14%, RMSE 11.12, and CVRMSE 7.09%.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.75-80
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• 2014

An attempt has been made to prove the so-called 'feature accumulation theory'. It is the theory describing that people tend to feel the same space with more identifiable objects much larger than that with fewer objects. Applying this theory to our cognition of spatial size, this paper made an experiment. Students were asked that if the lecture room they are sitting becomes a module (module 1), then how large are the questioned spaces in the campus. The result was striking. Through the mental image processing, they answered that the library and the architecture building looks much smaller than they actually are, and more surprisingly the basketball field much more smaller than it really is. This experiment shows that there is a strong tendency by which people regard the space much larger when there are more occupiable or behavior-causing elements in the space. In the case of basketball field, since there is nothing that can be occupied, this open space is seen as a small space for the subjects. This line of cognitive perception can be applied to the practice of urban planning and architectural planning. With the same size of given space, we can make it feel more rich and larger.