• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

As population grows and urban facilities are concentrated in specific areas due to recent urbanization and industrialization, cities have structures vulnerable to both natural and man-made disasters. Most of these structures, whether buildings or residential houses, are left in a defenseless state if not given the appropriate check-up before they are built. The process of rapid urbanization without establishing the proper urban fire risk assessment will surely lead to disasters. This phenomenon occurred during the process of rapid urbanization and maybe said the result of chaotic urban expansion where modern urban infrastructure is not yet equipped in the city. Under the said circumstances, propagation processes of Korean urban fire cases were investigated to establish fire risk assessment system. Moreover, this paper explains the experiment performed for establishing urban risk assessment model. The said experiment was conducted using the new urban fire risk assessment model.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

This study was performed to analyze time series landuse pattern of urban areas and the change of the areas by using remotely sensed multiple sensors. The results were as follows. First, according to the result of time series analysis, most agricultural land has been changed into built-up areas by development work such as the land development or land readjustment project, arrangement of science parks or military facilities, and location of public establishment like government buildings. Second, if the expansion of built-up areas maintains the present scale and speed, it seems that a lot of parts of land would be changed into built-up areas, especially centering around agricultural land, so it is necessary to establish the plan for urban space. Third, I have synthetically collected the data of the project of urban development and systematically monitored the process of in expansion the built-up areas up to now (from the past). I hereby could lay the foundation that makes us scientifically forecast the direction of expansion in the built-up areas by the urban development in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.141-157
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• 2000

This study is aimed at identifying the socio-economic value of the total area of 23,500ha of paddy field which will be reclaimed in year 2003. In Korea, tidal land reclamation projects has been carried out not only for paddy field expansion to meet national food security but also for national land expansion to cope with the shortage of land supply in implementing urbanization and industrialization. As of end of 1999, 75,738ha of tidal land reclamation, 48.3%, out of 156,666ha has been carried out in Korea. In spite of continuous implementation of tidal land reclamation, 48.3%, out of 156,666ha has been carried out in Korea. In spite of continuous implementation of tidal land reclamation projects, the appraisal of the national land expansion value has not been made even though the severe competitiveness of land use in economic development. Agricultural land about 20,000 - 30,000ha per year has been converted to urban and industrial land and the converted areas have been produced higher added value than that of the farm land. Accordingly, farm land expansion equivalent to the converted area have to be reclaimed to cope with the food shortage and security in the future. In relation to the study, demand and supply of rice, the staple food of Korean, has been projected up to year 2025. The study results are as follows: 1. Under the assumption of continuing the present tendencies of rice consumption, population increase, farming practices and farm land conversion, paddy area requirement to meet self sufficiency of rice were forecasted as 136,950ha in 2015, 193,460ha in 2020 and 218,482ha in 2025 respectively. 2. The average converted price of paddy per pyeong in Kimje city, Puna Gun and Gunsan city was estimated at 241,150won and average farm land price was amounted to 63,760won. The differential rent was estimated at 177,400won per pyeong which was used as a criteria for valuation of national land expansion effect of the tidal land reclaimed by Saemangeum project. The total land rent of 23,250ha expanded by tidal land reclamation was amounted to 12,361 billion won. Annual expected value of the expanded national land was estimated at 988.9 billion won considering 8% of annual discount rate in Korea. 3. Tidal land resource for paddy area development is limited comparing with the future requirement of paddy area to cope with self sufficiency of rice consumption. Accordingly farm land conversion to urban and industrial land should be regulated and protected in the sense of sustainable development in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

The study is conducted to establish the National Protected Areas Integrated System(NPAIS) which includes National Protected Areas(NPAs) and other conservation measures in terms of effective ways for biodiversity conservation. Additionally, it is carried out to evaluate progress toward quantitative expansion goals in Aichi biodiversity Target 11. The NPAIS consists of NPAs and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECMs). There are two different types of OECMs. OECMs type I, including water-source protection Areas(WPA), riparian zones(RZ), fishery-resource protection zones (FPZ), and urban natural park zones(UNPZ), is a potential protected area which is recommended to be incorporated into the NPAs for effective management. OECMs type II means development restriction zones(DRZ), natural recreation forests(NRF), and buffer zones for Korea national arboretum(BKNA). As a result of evaluating the quantitative expansion goals of the NPAIS, terrestrial and inland water protected areas exceed 17% of the quantitative goal in Aichi biodiversity Target 11. The larger the area of individual OECMs and the lower the degree of overlap with NPAs, the higher the contribution of them to the terrestrial and inland water protected areas. DRZ contributes to enlarge more than 3% of quantitative expansion. And RZ and NRF contribute more than 1%. The marine protected areas are expanded by $1,425km^2$ through FPZ, but the expanded area is very small as comparing with the total marine area. It adds only 0.321% to the quantitative expansion. The rest of OECMs also has very poor quantitative expansion contributions in the marine area. Consequently, the NPAIS is effective for quantitative expansion of land areas, but not for marine areas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.837-844
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the method of creation and management of urban green field based on carbon emission reduction. For a case study, Daejeon Metropolitan City in Korea was chosen. For the study, the relevant concepts of green field and carbon emission plans are reviewed as a theoretical research, and current problems of the urban green field are surveyed focused on metropolitan cities in Korea. Implementation plans of park and green in Daejeon Metropolitan City were analysed in the aspect to carbon emission reduction, climate change responding and urban green field expansion. Finally, as a result of the study, the method of creation and management of urban green field based on carbon emission reduction in the perspectives of urban structure change, green field network, conservation of green field and relevant institutions are suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.31-43
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to understand the social welfare approach and to suggest implications for the establishment and expansion of social welfare techniques in recent urban regeneration to overcome the limitation of physical approach to urban regeneration. We used the method of the content analysis to extract social welfare programs in project plans of urban regeneration regions and vulnerable residence regions and then let them be categorized according to characteristic and form of their programs. As a result of the analysis, there are 4 welfare programs in urban regeneration regions; setting the economic fundament, improving the residential environment focusing on welfare, pursuing community integration and social service providing. And each type was classified into 12 subtypes. Based on the result of this study, some implications are suggested to operate social welfare techniques in a stable manner in urban regeneration projects; link of the suitable jobs for regional characteristics, the participation of local residents in the project process, empowerment for community integration and expanded provision of social services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.102-118
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to propose an ecological management plan by the comprehensive analysis of biotope structures on Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. Classified by actual vegetation, structure of layer and vegetation damage, biotope structures were composed of forest area, compact management area, herb area, cultivated area and non-ecology(urban) area. Succession had seened to stop in the Native forest. Artifical forest was divided into two types. The first, upper layer, was too dense to accommodate lower layer plants, the other case was the appearance of Quercus spp. and the first stage plants of succession following the declination of the upper layer plants. The soil pH of Nam-san Urban Park was 4.21∼4.51, which meant the soil was becoming acid. As the result of acidity, leaching of available nutrition(K/sup +/, NH₄/sup +/, Ca/sup ++/ etc.) was immediately influenced by the natural ecosystem, influence of acid rain was disturbed to becoming organic matter which was use to plants. In the case of a biotope structure management plan, the urban area was prohibited to spread outside. Cultivated and herb area was regenerated to natural forest. In the forest area, the compact management area was maintained with its present condition, and then it is desirable to make a preservation area and to plant shrubs. Planted Pinus densiflora Community was needed to eliminate competitive species of canopy layer, and plant shrubs. Management of deciduous broad-leaved Comm. was maintained in its present conditionand it is desirable to raise the diversity of the understory and shrub layer. The management of the artifical forest seems to be suitable for Q. spp. community. The care of naturalized plants prevents the expansion and restores the structure of wild plants. The soil management was a marked restoration soil ecosystem in order to prevent soil acid and drying.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the function of microclimate amelioration of urban trees regarding the environmental benefits of street trees in summer, focusing on the heat pollution-urban heat island, tropical climate day's phenomenon and air pollution. We measured the diurnal variation of air/ground temperatures and humidity within the vegetation canopy with the meteorological tower observation system. Summertime air temperatures within the vegetation canopy layer were 1-2$^{\circ}C$ cooler than in places with no vegetation. Due to lack of evaporation, the ground surface temperatures of footpaths were, at a midafternoon maximum, 8$^{\circ}C$ hotter than those under trees. This means that heat flows from a place with no vegetation to a vegetation canopy layer during the daytime. The heat is consumed as a evaporation latent heat. These results suggest that the extension of vegetation canopy bring about a more pleasant urban climate. Diurnal variation of air/ground temperatures and humidity within the vegetation canopy were measured with the meteorological tower observation system. According to the findings, summertime air temperatures under a vegetation canopy layer were 1-2$^{\circ}C$ cooler than places with no vegetation. Due mainly to lack of evaporation the ground surface temperature of footpaths were up to 8$^{\circ}C$ hotter than under trees during mid-afternoon. This means that heat flows from a place where there is no vegetation to another place where there is a vegetation canopy layer during the daytime. Through the energy redistribution analysis, we ascertain that the major part of solar radiation reaching the vegetation cover is consumed as a evaporation latent heat. This result suggests that the expansion of vegetation cover creates a more pleasant urban climate through the cooling effect in summer. Vegetation plays an important role because of its special properties with energy balance. Depended on their evapotranspiration, vegetation cover and water surfaces diminish the peaks of temperature during the day. The skill to make the best use of the vegetation effect in urban areas is a very important planning device to optimize urban climate. Numerical simulation study to examine the vegetation effects on urban climate will be published in our next research paper.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2021

In 2010, Busan Metropolitan City established an organization dedicated to urban regeneration. The Sanbok Road Renaissance Project and Hope Village Project are representative urban regeneration projects. Busan Metropolitan City is a leading local government that has expanded community business through urban policies. This study analyzed the operational status and characteristics of community-based community businesses based in Busan Metropolitan City in the early stages of urban regeneration policy. As a result, the direction of community-based community business is 'community empowerment'. However, the project effects such as 'expansion of opportunities for local residents to help each other' and 'residents' understanding of the local community' were low. In order to operate a community business, it is important to secure sufficient business capital and secure necessary human resources. In order to revitalize community-based community businesses through urban regeneration policies, it is necessary to convert support into functional organizations of urban regeneration projects rather than expanding subsidies and expand opportunities for business participation.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

This study reviews urban infrastructure and housing management in Kuwait to establish a strategy for going abroad in an urban management sector after the construction of the Kuwait New Town. This study reviews legal systems and governance related to urban infrastructure and housing management as well, offering implications that are collated from international and Korean case studies. By doing so, this paper proposes a governance structure for urban infrastructure and housing management along with key agendas for local institutional improvements. This study suggests that the establishment of a legal system equivalent to the Korean Multi-family Housing Management Act is a key to institutional improvements. The (tentatively entitled) 'Housing Management Act' is proposed to specify the scope and the ways of management in mandatory management subject to local conditions. The direction of going abroad, such as the management scope and the implementation system, discussed in this study can be used as a reference when expanding into other countries in the Middle East that have similar institutional environments to Kuwait in urban infrastructure and housing management.