• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.647-650
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• 2006

Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral imagery was acquired over the Little Miami River Watershed (1756 square miles) in Ohio, U.S.A., which is one of the largest hyperspectral image acquisition. For the development of a 4m-resolution land cover dataset, a hierarchical approach was employed using two different classification algorithms: 'Image Object Segmentation' for level-1 and 'Spectral Angle Mapper' for level-2. This classification scheme was developed to overcome the spectral inseparability of urban and rural features and to deal with radiometric distortions due to cross-track illumination. The land cover class members were lentic, lotic, forest, corn, soybean, wheat, dry herbaceous, grass, urban barren, rural barren, urban/built, and unclassified. The final phase of processing was completed after an extensive Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) phase. With respect to the eleven land cover class members, the overall accuracy with a total of 902 reference points was 83.9% at 4m resolution. The dataset is available for public research, and applications of this product will represent an improvement over more commonly utilized data of coarser spatial resolution such as National Land Cover Data (NLCD).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of atmospheric concentrations of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Korea. Target compounds included 1,3-butadiene, aromatics such as BTEX, and a number of carbonyl compounds. In this paper, as the second part of the study, the seasonal and locational concentrations of atmospheric VOCs were evaluated. Sampling was conducted seasonally at seven sampling sites. each of them representing a large urban area (commercial and residential), a small urban area (commercial and residential), an industrial area (a site within the complex and a residential), and a background place in Korea. In general, higher concentrations were found in the petro-chemical industrial site than other sites, while VOCs measured in commercial (heavy -traffic) sites were higher than residential sites. Seasonality of VOCs concentrations were not so much clear as other combustion related pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, indicating that the VOCs are emitted from a variety of sources, not only vehicle exhaust and point sources but fugitive emissions. Except the industrial site, the concentrations of VOCs measured in this study do not reveal any serious pollution status, since the levels did not exceed any existing ambient standards in the U.K. and/or Japan. However, the increasing number of petrol -powered vehicles and the rapid industrialization in Korea may result in the increased levels of VOCs concentrations in many large urban areas in the near future, if there is no appropriate programme implemented for the control of these compounds.

• 농촌계획
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

Due to the standardized urban development since the industrial era, many urban spaces have experienced non-placeness. Recently, although interest in urban landscape, history, and cultural elements has been increasing, landscape management and control measures are being implemented mainly in large cities due to the low status of rural areas in the country. From this point of view, this study tried to lay the foundation for basic research in related fields by classifying the characteristics and types of streetscapes located near large cities, and to suggest directions that should be considered when managing streetscapes in the future. As a result of the analysis of landscape adjectives, the village felt secluded due to the low density compared to the city street overall, but it did not have a unique image of the region. Three factors were derived through factor analysis, and preference was affected in the order of aesthetic, regularity, and uniqueness. In addition, the research site was classified into three types through cluster analysis, and it was confirmed that the differences by type were due to aesthetics and naturalness. On the other hand, the uniqueness is generally low in all regions, so it seems that fundamental countermeasures are needed.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.3180-3186
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• 2011

A segmented scissors type switch has been developed for the urban transit maglev demonstration line to be commercialized near Incheon International Airport in 2013. Based on the design of the previous segmented 3-way switch, the scissors switch is composed of four segmented 2-way switches up/down and left/right and a turn table in the mid point. The main function of the scissors switch is to change the running direction of the train at end terminals. The developed scissors switch is planned to be installed in front of the 102 station, which has a side platform, of the demonstration line. The total length of the switch is 65m and the distance between the up and down track centerlines is 6m. The 2-way switches and turn table are made of steel box type beams, and have their own driving unit, locking unit, control unit, levitation and propulsion rails, and so on. Installed in the factory, a 100,000-cycle continuous operation test was carried out after manual and automatic test operations. The applicapability of the developed switch was verified through the measurements of the linearity of the track after repetitive operations, the mechanical operation noise, the load of the main driving motor, the safety of the control panel, the natural frequency of the girder, the deformation of the girder, and so on.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.633-641
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• 1999

Reaction by neighbours to odours is increasingly affecting operations of existing animal farming operations and may adversely constrain the further development of the animal production industry in some parts of Australia. It is critical that the scale of such odour impact on the rural-urban interface be estimated to provide useful information both for environmental protection and animal farming operations. Furthermore, the information can be used to modify odour reduction strategies as economic conditions change. The Centre for Water and Waste Technology at The University of New South Wales has developed a comprehensive set of odour control techniques in the course of its research and development effort over the past eight years. Techniques have been developed for odour sampling at point, area and volume sources, monitoring environmental parameters such as ventilation rate, shed temperature, shed humidity, litter water content and ambient meteorological condition, olfactometry and odour dispersion modelling. The work has paved the way for the establishment of odour reduction strategies based on best environmental management practice and advanced odour abatement technologies.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2014

TORANOMON HILLS is the main building of a large-scale re-development project located in the center of Tokyo. This high-rise building has a height of 247 m and 52 floors above ground, 5 floors below ground, and $62m{\times}80m$ in plan. It is used as hotel, residential facilities, offices, shops and conference facilities. The super structure is mainly a rigid steel frame with response-control devices, using concrete-filled steel tube columns. The underground section is a mixed structure composed of steel, steel-reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete framings. The piled-raft foundation type is used. The remarkable feature of this high-rise building is that the motorway runs through the basements of the building, which makes it stand just above the motorway. This condition is an important factor of the building design. The plan shape is designed to fit along the curve of the motorway. Special columns at the corners are required to avoid placing columns in the motorway. This special column is a single inclined column in the lower floors that branches into two columns in the mid-floors to suit the column location in the upper floors. The cast steel joint is used for the branching point of each special column to securely transfer the stress.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from separate sewer overflow (SSO) and combined sewer overflow (CSO) were evaluated during 2016 in Namyangju city, Korea. Five rainfall events were monitored during 2016 with ranging from 14.5 mm to 121.5 mm. The runoff ratio of CSO was higher than that of SSO because only design volume of maximum sanitary sewer ($1Q_h$) was transported and treated and $2Q_h$ was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day although combined sewer system was designed to transport $3Q_h$ to treatment system. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) and pollutant loads from CSO were higher than those from SSO. BOD and COD of CSO, and TOC and TN of SSO represented distinct first flush phenomena. The inadequate management in combined sewer system from which the untreated $2Q_h$ from CSO was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day could influence on high pollutant loads and first flushing. Treating $2Q_h$ from CSO, source control such as low impact development, and treating outflow from SSO were strongly recommended to control non-point source pollution in urban area.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 측지기준점의 개선에 대하여 소개하였다. 개선의 내용은 기준점의 구조와 정확도에 중점을 두어 설명하였으며, 구조의 경우 3차원 기준점으로 변화하면서 정확도, 포함 정보, 그리고 기준점의 위계에 대하여 서술하였다. 정확도의 개선은 위성측지 기술의 발달과 정밀지오이드를 기반을 주 내용으로 하고 있으며, 기준점의 개념은 위치뿐 만 아니라 중력, 환경정보와 같은 다양한 공간정보를 포함하여 전반적인 정보의 분석이 가능한 점이 강조되었다. 또한 RFID와 CDMA 기술을 이용한 공간정보의 효율성과 신속성을 소개하였다. 이러한 모든 노력으로 한국의 측지망은 보다 정확하고 다양한 공간정보를 효율적으로 전달할 수 있을 것이라 판단되며 이러한 개선이 측지 기준점의 역할과 미래의 방향에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대된다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

최근 에너지 절약을 화두로 건물에서의 에너지 절약기술들이 크게 요구되어 지는 반면 재실자의 온열쾌적환경은 비교적 비중 있게 다루어지지 않고 있다. 실내공간의 쾌적성은 재실자의 만족감과 더불어 생산성을 향상시키는 등의 역할을 하며, 최근 삶의 질 향상 등에 따라 그 필요성이 크게 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공동주택을 대상으로 겨울철 난방 시 쾌적지표를 통한 실내 온열환경 제어의 타당성을 검토하고자 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 주거건물에서의 일상적인 실내온도와 에너지 절약 설계기준에서 제시한 실내 설정온도, 그리고 쾌적지표를 설정으로 한 각 제어조건의 온열환경과 에너지 소비량을 비교 분석 및 검토하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 쾌적지표인 PMV로 실내환경을 제어했을 때 에너지 절약설계 기준인 $22^{\circ}C$로 실내온도를 설정하였을 때보다 에너지 소비량은 29% 증가하지만 주거용 건물에서 일반적으로 유지되는 실내온도인 $24^{\circ}C$ 보다는 에너지소비량은 11% 정도 감소하며, 온열쾌적감도 각 제어조건 중 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 여러 가지 제어변수들을 통한 연구가 지속된다면 주거용 건물에서도 쾌적지표를 활용한 실내 공간의 제어방법은 건물의 에너지를 절약하고 실내 환경의 쾌적성을 증대시키는 주요기술이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1992

We investigated each 50 students in the primary school its 1st year student(boys & girls) on the conditions of oral hygiene between urban and rural children centering around the dental caries. The purpose of this study is to promote national oral health and to offer the basic data on the oral health level of community. We got conclusion as follows : 1. Sex : The prevalence rate of dental caries between the rural and urban children showed high to the urban children. 2. Education Level of Parents : When the educational background of father is high, the prevalence rate of dental caries showed high(P<0.01). The educational background of mother has not influenced on the prevalence rate. 3. Economic Level of Home : When the economic level of home is high, the prevalence rate of dental caries is high(P<0.01). 4. Intake Frequency of Eating Between Meals : The average intake frequency of eating between meals a day of urban children was $2.3{\pm}0.76times$, the average intake frequency of eating between males a day of urban children was $2.79{\pm}0.82times$(P<0.01). 5. Brushing Frequency : The average brushing a day of rural children was $2.48{\pm}0.82times$, urban children was $2.34{\pm}0.71times$, and when the brushing frequency is high, the prevalence rate of dental caries showed low(P<0.01). 6. Brushing Time : The rural children and urban children had no difference, but brushing time had influenced on the prevalence rate(P<0.01). 7. Kinds of Drinking Water: The kinds of drinking water had not influenced on the prevalence rate of dental caries. 8. Amount of Pocket Money : The urban children is the more amount of pocket money than the rural, when the amount of pocket money is lots, the prevalence rate of dental caries showed high(P<0.01). 9. Average Intake Frequency a day for the caries food of eating between meals of rural children was 2.91 times and urban children was 3.47 times. The average intake frequency a day for the caries food of eating between meals had influenced on the prevalence rate dental caries. In the point of view for the oral health, the urban children is bad than the rural children in the actual conditions of intake. The education of oral health for parents has demanded, the necessity of oral control for the children of the improvement effectively as the methods to maintain the oral health level.