• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.407-429
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• 2013

Although rural areas account for more than 80% of the total land area of South Korea, most of them are deteriorated and living environment is inconvenient. In addition, the migration of young generation to urban areas and ageing have reduced the population and caused not only cavitation phenomena of villages but also stagnant communities. As for one of the rural areas, the seat of Myeon Office located in Oesan-myeon, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, this study presented not a plan only for strengthening hub functions but the methodology of the complex development plan in consideration of the regional characteristics in the comprehensive improvement project in seat of Myeon Office. From the perspective of enhancing the function of the seat of Myeon Office, it is inevitable to establish plans based on hardware. However, empowerment of the residents in the targeted areas also works as an important factor. In other words, each project promoted by the plan will be mainly operated by the local residents. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a management system of this. The success or failure of the established plan is based on the accurate survey of the issues of the targeted areas and demand, and this depends on participation and positive response of the residents of the targeted areas. That is, the method as a 'local community network' is required in order to increase the effect of resident participation in the planning area.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.125-154
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• 2010

Among the various contemporary issues that confront the nation or society, surely one of the most difficult to resolve are environmental disputes between government authorities, developers, local residents and advocacy groups. While such disputes can in some cases be the result of a selfish and illegal NIMBY("Not In My Back Yard") syndrome, they can also be an expression of rational and appropriate demands from local residents to preserve the ecology and quality of life for their communities, particularly with respect to the planning of "locally unwanted land uses(LULUs). Accordingly, rethinking NIMBYism entails several implications for planning of LULUs. Until the 20th century many planners considered only "functional rationality" in their decision making, in a confrontational "us versus them"process of "decide-announce-defend(DAD)". I believe, however, that a fair, voluntary, and negotiated process of alternative dispute resolution(ADR) based on consensus building is the means to resolving these disputes. A voluntary process is more desirable and feasible than a coercive one, making ADR well worth pursuing. From this perspective, I explore several factors which affect the resolution of environmental disputes. I suggest three main factors as follows: i) extension of citizen participation, ii) enhancement of equity, and iii) building of trust. Alternatives are presented based on these factors.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1984

With the increase of using pesticides, pesticide poisonings become more frequent. In the previous epidemiological study on pesticide poisoning and the reports of the authorities concerned, it is carefully affirmed that pesticide poisonings are caused by farmers' ignorance and negligence in using the pesticides. But the pesticide poisoning should be taken into account in terms of the person who sprays the pesticides, its spraying process, farming style and farmers' socio-economic conditions. And based on the understanding mentioned above, preventive measures for pesticide poisoning should be established. In this socio-medical point of view, this study examined the public health problems caused by using pesticides and the treatment of pesticide poisoning, based on the interviews with farmers in a area of Kyunggi-Do about the spraying process of pesticides, poisoning experiences and its treatments. The results are as follows ; 1) The style of spraying pesticides in the target area is mostly an individual one, not cooperative one. And the subjects of spraying are householders, whose educational backgrounds are beneath notice. More than 2~5 of the subjects are women or old men of 60 years old or so. These are seen to derive from the socio-economic status of Korean agricultural families; their younger generation's moving to greater cities and their petty farming styles. 2) As for the safety measures for the spraying of pesticides, those which have nothing to do with the economic, problems such as efficient spraying and productivity, are well obeyed. On the other hand, some safety measures as the use of safety devices, and spraying time, the degree of dilution of pesticides and the spraying method In windy days, are not obeyed very well, for to keep those makes spraying difficult to do and productivity worse. These facts indicate that the safety measures for using pesticides must be directly concerned with the spraying process, farming style and farmers' socio economic status, rather than the subject's knowledge or carefulness. 3) Even In cases of poisoning they do rarely consult the doctors. This is caused by the problem of their locality and transportation since one should pass away a day even in the busiest season to consult doctors, and by their low socio-economic status. 4) The epidemiological studies on pesticide poisonings should be necessarily led to a socio-medical one which are concerned together with the spraying process of pesticides, farming style, farmer's socio-economic status and discrepancies in public health policies between agricultural communities and urban ones.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.273-290
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• 1983

A bionomic study of the coralligenous concretionary hard bottom in the northwestern Mediterranean was carried out at four stations : three stations(Arnette, Laurons, Auguette) under the influence of intense multisource pollution(gradient decreasing from north to south) in the Gulf of Fos, west of Marseille, France, and one control station(Moyade islet) in an unpolluted area near Riou island, east of Marseille. Along the increasing pollution gradient from the outer to the inner part of the Gulf of Fos, there is a qualitative and quantitative impoverishment of the fauna. On the whole, the species richness, the numerical abundance. and the species diversity index are all on the decrease. Accordingly, the innermost station in the Gulf of Fos(Auguette) is most heavily affected by the industrial, and to a lesser extent by the domestic wastes, from the nearby industrial complex and urban areas. The impact on the benthic coralligenous community of this serious alteration has been analysed in view of community composition, functional aspect, and ecological stocks. The faunal affinity between stations has been studied by means of the two coefficients : fourfold point correlation coefficient and Jaccard's community coefficient. The upper layer and inferior face communities of the coralligenous concretionary structures are also compared.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-82
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• 1994

This paper is the result of the researches and the field surveys of the villages and the dwellings of Korean immigrants in Yien-Pien area, north-eastern China. This study aims to persue both of the origin and the process of development of their settlements and dwelling types from late 19C to the present. Their processes are too complex to analysis by single view-point. I have eyes to interprete them from three pionts; 1)correspondences between the dwelling types and the econo-political history of their region, 2)cultural assimilation with the native dwelling types, and 3)the direction of their modernization with the economical development of modern China. Three village types have been pioneered; 1)the villages of indivisual immigration, 2)the villages of planned group immigration, and 3)the villages of socilistic reform villages of 1) were composed of organic village patterns and various shaped dwelling lots on the sloped site; villages both of 2) and 3), gird patterns and uniformed lots on open fields. Historically, villages of 1) were pioneered before 1931; villages of 2), 1936-1945; villages of 3), from 1945. Each of dwelling types had strong relations with the village types to which it belonged. Before 1931, dwellings were built up based on so called "Ham-buk dwelling type" which was dominent in north-eastern Korea. In the era of gruop-immigration, various dwelling types were flew into Yen-Pien from southern Korea. In modern China, their southern types were changed into Yen-Pien type as similar as Ham-book type. After 1945, with the Great leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, as communization of indivisual properties and reorganization of rural communities, each of dwellings became smaller and simpler in aspects of scales as well as functions. There are two types in Yen-Pien dwellings, those are 'single-file' and 'double-file' type. Three sub-types of latter arc 'six-bays', 'eight-bays', and rarely 'ten-bays'. The most common element of all types is Chong-ju-k'an; which is large room with heated floor, openig to kitchen. Now, modern dwellings of Korean immigrants are changing their spatial compositions, materials, and structures. With cultural assimilation as well as modernization, especially in urban areas, they are compelled to accept the elements of Chinese dwellings. But the spatial element of "Chong-ju-k'an", which is the core element of Yen-Pien dwelling type, never fade away nor is changed.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to prepare the introduction of the community facilities in public corporation buildings as the effort to community activation in the innovation city. The type and development condition of community facilities, and the cases of the private and public corporation buildings are studied. Moreover, the type and scale of facilities which can be established in the public corporation building that will move to the innovation city. The result can be summarized as follows; First, the community facilities can be classified into leisure, public administration, culture, athletics, and welfare, and the facilities are suggested at each hierarchy of living area. Secondly, the result of the case study shows that the public corporation establishes and operates various facilities include welfare, culture, and athletic facilities while the private part usually installs the cultural one. Thirdly, cultural(library, museum, performing place), athletic(soccer field, tennis court, swimming pool), welfare(day nursery, children's library) facilities are selected as the applicable ones to the public corporation building which is going to move to the innovation city. And finally, the basic unit of each facility is derived based on the investigation of legal standard, present condition, and literature reviews, etc., and applied to estimate the scale of the community facility in the public corporation building.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.215-233
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• 2014

Seoul is an ancient city with a long history but there is hesitancy over referring to as a historic city due to the lack of traceable historic urban landscape elements which resulted from numerous invasions and general destruction. From a diachronic perspective, the nature which was survived the influence of development, could be the key element that links the past with the city's radically changed image in modern times. Although "old big trees" may be not a dominant influence with regards to the historical authenticity of the city, they are objects which contribute towards the historical authenticity by providing a sense of place in terms of connected narratives, as well as their natural image. However, the protection policy for an "old big tree" would place too much emphasis on the aspect of the ecological value rather than its cultural value. Generally, trees have been protected by installing a fence and a signboard around them as well as receiving additional care. However, it is difficult to find that surrounding space around the "law-protected tree" is connected with its original historical and cultural values. Even though the space around trees are no longer utilized in the same way as was so in the past, they still have high-potential in terms of cultural utilization. Therefore, the subject of this study is the "old big tree" as a natural object which contributed to the historical authenticity of Seoul. The current status of these "old big trees", aged between 100 and 800 years old, currently indicate that there are 215 trees designated as "law-protected tree" by the Seoul metropolitan government. This study aims to investigate the status of protection and utilization of the existing "law-protected trees" in the city of Seoul and find a way to increase both ecological preservation and cultural utilization for the high-potential "law-protected trees" within the city itself. In order to achieve this, previously researched papers shall be reviewed and surveyed pertaining to present usage patterns of the 215 "law-protected trees". In addition, five cases have been reviewed which focus on a few of utilizing the "protected trees" and their surrounding spaces. The results of the research indicate that 21 "old big trees" have high-potential in terms of cultural utilization as well as ecological value. However, it was revealed that there are limitations to pursue the value of preservation and utilization simultaneously throughout current regimental management. In order to cope with the current situation, it is pointed out that management facilities should be designed and installed by creative and flexible methods of organizing with consideration to the surrounding space and context. Even though in the case where there may not be a connecting history or legendary stories, the "old big trees" can serve as the fundamental features of small scale parks -dependent on their location, condition and environment- which will be of value to the local communities. This study could serve as a practical reference for the management and utilization of "old big trees" nationwide with numbers reaching 12,300 besides the city of Seoul.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.593-617
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• 2014

This article is aimed at evaluating the comic industries cluster in the cartoonists' perspective in terms of benefits, innovation milieu and loyalty. This article surveyed the 105 cartoonists in the Bucheon comic industries cluster, which has been established since 1998. As a result of analysis, cartoonists evaluated the comic industries cluster in term of facilities, knowledge and information, and social relationship in the positive way. However, the business network with the comic companies, the other contents industries is not established. The communication and collaboration between the cartoonists and local communities is not active in the Bucheon comic industries cluster. In addition, while comic industries cluster is effective in terms of city branding, the comic industries cluster is not effective in terms of economic impacts. In general, cartoonists' loyalty to the comic industries cluster is highly evaluated. The five factors such as knowledge, policy, urban regeneration, facilities are very significant in terms of the cartoonists' loyalty. This article concludes with a discussion of the sustainable strategies of the comic industries cluster in the context of creative city through comic resources.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

The rural areas in South Korea have changed rapidly in the process of national land development. Rural landscapes have become discoloured, and their attractiveness has decreased as cities have expanded. But the attractiveness or multifunctional values of rural areas has become more important in contemporary society around the world. According to this social demand, the efforts of conserving the rural landscape are of high priority and the recovery of ruralism in the area is required. This study has tried to understand how the public image of ruralism in South Korea has been influenced by the news media. The study retrieved news articles using the web searching portal site from the six keywords, commonly used to refer to ruralism, including 'rural landscape', 'rural community', 'rural tourism', 'rural life', 'rural amenity', and 'rural environment'. News data from the six keywords were also collected respectively from within the year-period of 2004-05, 2007-08, 2012-13, and 2016-17. In the text mining analysis, the nouns with high Degree Centrality were figured out, and the changes by year-period were identified. Then, LDA topic analysis was performed for text datasets of six keywords. As a result, the study found that the news articles gave an informed focus on only a handful of issues such as 'poor rural living condition', 'regional or village improvement projects', 'rural tourism promotion projects', and 'other government support projects'. On the other hand, nouns related to virtues and values in the rural landscape were less shown in news articles. These results have become more apparent in recent years. In the topic analysis, 35 topics were identified. 'village development projects', 'rural tourism', and 'urban-rural exchange projects' were appeared repeatedly in several keywords. Among the topics, there are also topics closely related to ruralism such as 'rural landscape conservation', 'eco-friendly rural areas', 'local amenity resources', 'public interest values of agriculture', and 'rural life and communities'. The study presented an image map showing ruralism in South Korea using a network map between all topics and keywords. At the end of the study, implications for Korean rural area policy and research directions were discussed.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.707-722
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• 2019

The concept of neighborhood parks has been used as the principle of forming a community in our society going through modern and contemporary times. The concept of neighborhood parks equipped with physical facilities has been discussed constantly regarding the roles and meanings of them. This study focuses on pocket parks which have been playing roles in improving environment through regeneration and forming regional communities based on that as neighborhood facilities. This author carried out field investigation on total 72 Hanpyeong Park and Hanpyeom Parks formed in the capital area and examined the significance of planning them and also their utility and residents and users' attachment to them through a survey. In this process, this researcher has been able to draw following conclusions. First, according to the demographic characteristics of users, there is significant difference found by groups in terms of their place attachment to the parks. This implies that difference in the major types of residences supplied these days influences their intention to experience ecological space. Second, according to their educational background, there is significant difference found by groups regarding their place attachment to the parks. Third, according to user behavior, there are differences found in their place attachment to the parks and also detailed differences found by groups in terms of the frequency of use and duration of stay.