• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the brain connectivity between brain and biomechanical variables by exploring motion recognition through FFT (fast fourier transform) analysis and AI (artificial intelligence) focusing on quiet standing movement patterns. Method: Participants included 12 young adult males, comprising university students (n=6) and elite gymnasts (n=6). The first experiment involved FFT of biomechanical signals (f_CoP, f_AJtorque and f_EEG), and the second experiment explored the optimization of AI-based GRU (gated recurrent unit) using f_EEG data. Results: Significant differences (p<.05) were observed in frequency bands and maximum power based on group and posture types in the first experiment. The second study improved motion prediction accuracy through GRU performance metrics derived from brain signals. Conclusion: This study delved into the movement pattern of upright standing posture through the analysis of bio-signals linking the cerebral cortex to motor performance, culminating in the attainment of motion recognition prediction performance.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.77.2-77
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• 2002

Human upright standing posture in the sagittal plane is studied, when it exposed in the antero-posterior vibration. A two link inverted pendulum model is considered and described its functional behavior in terms of ankle and hip joint according to the dominant joints that provides the largest contribution to the corresponding human reactionary motion. The data is analyzed, both in the time domain and the frequency domain. Subjects behave as a non-rigid pendulum with a mass and a spring throughout the whole period of the platform motion. When vision was allowed, each segment of body shows more stabilized.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1986

This research is aimed at examining age-related changes of postural sway when people stand upright, examining external effects which can be exerted upon the postural sway (experiment 1), and also analyzing specific changing characters of posture-control by sudden impacts (experiment 2). The total number of subjects was 115, who are in twenties through seventies and 75 of them were participated in experiment 2. In experimen 1, the subjects were examined for 25 seconds respectively while standing upright with both feet and with eyes opened, standing upright with both feet and with eyes closed, and standing upright with a single foot and with eyes opened. In experiment 2, only while standing upright with both feet and with eyes opened they were examined for 5 seconds. Main findings were as follows: 1. In the single-foot standing position, the growing older exerted more important effects upon the fluctuation length and area of the center of gravity than in the both-foot standing position. 2. The standard deviation was increasing with age in the fluctuation length and the fluctuation area of the center of gravity. 3. There were no significant differences in daily variation, temperature change, and muscle burdening. 4. The recuperation from the postural sway by external impacts was so slow with age. 5. There were little differences in decrease frequencies among the subjects but younger persons.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine differences of balance performance to upright standing, forward bending posture, and sudden load during forward bending posture in subjects with and without a history of low back pain. A study was conducted on 8 subjects with low back pain and 13 healthy subjects. Dynamic Balance System was used to measure the postural sway index, left-right sway index, and anterior-posterior sway index on balance performance. There were no differences between subject groups on balance performance during upright standing. Balance performance was increased in forward bending posture and decreased in sudden load during forward bending posture in subjects with low back pain. These results suggest that subjects with low back pain demonstrated increased activity and decreased reaction times of trunk muscles.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 역진자 기구와 기립 암을 이용하여 직립주행이 가능한 이동로봇용 구동 플랫폼을 개발한다. 기존에 주류를 이루고 있는 이동로봇은 4륜 혹은 3륜으로 구동되고 있으므로 그 몸체는 정역학적으로 용이하게 안정성이 확보되는 특징을 갖고 있다. 기존의 이동로봇의 형태는 평면적으로 넓적한 형태의 정사각형 혹은 직사각형 형태를 갖고 있으므로 몸체의 조향을 위해서 독립구동륜형 혹은 조향형 차륜을 장치하고 있다. 이동로봇은 협소한 지형에서 90도로 굽은 통로를 주행할 때, 전후진을 반복하는 등 특별한 조향기법을 필요로 하거나 몸체의 평면적 때문에 물리적으로 조향이 불가능한 경우에 처하게 된다. 이 때, 이동로봇은 평면적이 작은 방향 즉, 직립된 상태로 몸체의 형상을 변형시켜 해당 지형을 주행함으로써 주행곤란 문제를 회피할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이동로봇의 몸체를 직립시킬 수 있는 기립 암과 역진자 기구가 결합된 구동 플랫폼을 제안한다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2015

본 연구에서 자동화된 기립 및 복귀 시스템이 적용된 직립주행이 가능한 이동로봇용 구동 플랫폼이 개발되었다. 종래 대부분의 이동로봇은 정역학적으로 안정된 평면형의 4륜 혹은 3륜 구동형으로 구성되어 있는데, 이러한 형태의 이동로봇은 방향 전환을 위해서 독립구동형 혹은 조향형 차륜을 갖추고 있다. 이동로봇이 매우 협소한 지형에서 직각으로 굽은 통로를 주행할 때, 이동로봇은 전후진을 반복하는 등 복잡한 조향동작을 필요로 하거나, 극단적인 경우, 물리적인 조향이 불가능한 경우에 처하게 된다. 직립주행이 가능한 이동로봇은 점유면적이 작은 직립된 상태로 몸체의 형상을 변형시켜 해당 지형을 원활하게 통과할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 기립(복귀)동작, 확인동작, 평형제어 순으로 각 단계가 수동으로 조작되었던 기립제어 단계가 몸체의 기울기 각도 검출로 자동화되어, 단일 자동제어로 조작되는 차륜형 역진자 시스템이 제안되었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives : To analyze the contents of ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ and study the standard posture in context of Korean Medicine. Methods : Analyzed the terms related to the name, body region and orientation of Three Yin and Three Yang used in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ to deduce the standard posture of the description. ≪Lingshu·Jingmai≫ was used as supplementary data. Results : The term "Three Yin and Three Yang" in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is used to indicate regions of the human body, and based on this, terms with orientation were used. Just like 'anatomical position', there is a standard posture in Korean Medicine, and it may seem to be similar overall, but there is a difference in posture in the upper extremity. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, Greater Yang is the dorsal region, Lesser Yang is the lateral surface region, Yang Brightness is the anterior surface region of the human body. In the body trunk, Three Yin refers to the inner parts of the human body. However, in the lower extremity, Three Yin refers to the medial surface of the legs. The name of the individual Meridian-muscle was given following the region corresponding to Three Yin and Three Yang. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, there is a basic posture that became the standard posture derived from the description. In an upright standing position, the feet face forward, the fingers naturally extended, and the back of the hand faces outward. The fact that the posture of the thumb is naturally extended is especially reflected in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫. This is clearly different from the "anatomical position" and as it can be the base of all areas of acupuncture, it is suggested that it be defined as the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine". Conclusions : Based on our analysis, we suggest the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine" as an upright standing position, with the feet facing forward, the fingers naturally extended, the back of the hand facing outward, and the thumb naturally extended.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2013

In this research a Self-Standable mobile Robot with standing arms based on an Wheeled Inverted Pendulum is developed. Almost existing mobile robots have wide planar shape that is statistically stable and it is sometimes hard for them to run or steer on a narrow road. A Wheeled Inverted Pendulum based mobile robot has vertical shape that is upright-running and easily steering on a narrow road. It, however, requires actively balancing control and never restores the shape once it falls down. This research develops a Self-Standable mobile robot which equips standing arms and is able to change its chassis' posture freely from planar to vertical shape or vice versa.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제14권1_4호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2007

The purpose of this case report is to investigate whether an attempt to hold the repeated upright posture under blocking the patient's vision affects the deficits to push away from the paralytic side and the relapse time from down to stand up position without push away in patients with hemiplegia with pusher syndrome. Two hemiplegic patients with pusher syndrome were assessed. The task was performed 4 times per day for 6 weeks. The modified barthel index (MBI) was performed to assess activities of daily living (ADL). For assessing balance, the "balanced sitting" and "sit to stand" are analyzed using by modified motor assessment scale (MMAS). The scale for contraversive pushing (SCP) was used for determination of push away from paralyzed side. MBI, MMAS and SCP were assessed before and after trial of the task. In patient 1, total score of the scale is 0 in sitting posture and standing posture within 3 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively, In patient 2, total score of the scale is 0 in sitting posture and standing posture within 4 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively. These results demonstrated that pusher syndrome was completely resolved in at least 6 weeks. Our findings indicate that this physical therapy seems to be relevant for the hemiplegic patients with pusher syndrome.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2003

We have examined the effect on neck-muscle activation of altering whole body posture. A Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was trained to produce sinusoidal (0.25 Hz) head tracking movements in the sagittal plane when seated with trunk and head vertical or while standing in the quadrupedal position. Video-fluoroscopic images of cervical vertebral motion, and electromyographic (EMG) responses were recorded simultaneously. Results demonstrated that vertebral motion varied with body posture, occurring synchronously between all joints in the upright position and primarily at skull-$C_1$ when in the quadrupedal position. Muscle EMG activation was significantly greater (P<0.001) in the quadrupedal position than when upright for all muscles except semispinalis cervicis. Peak activation of all the muscles occurred prior to peak head extension in the quadrupedal position, suggesting synchronous activity between muscles. Data suggest that, when upright, muscles were activated in functional groupings defined by their anatomical arrangement. In the quadrupedal position, gravity acting on the horizontally oriented head produced greater activation and a collective response of the muscles.