• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

We have persistently constructed gridded products of surface wind/wind stress over the world ocean using satellite scatterometer (ERS and Qscat). They are available for users as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote sensing Observation (J-OFURO) data together with heat flux components. Recently, a new version data of the Qscat/SeaWinds based on improved algorithm for rain flag and high wind-speed range have been delivered, and allowed us to reconstruct gridded product with higher spatial resolution. These products are validated by comparisons with in-situ measurement data by mooring buoys such as TAO/TRITON, NDBC and the Kuroshio Extension Observation (KEO) buoys, together with numerical weather prediction model products such as the NCEP-1 and 2. Results reveal that the new product has almost the same magnitude in mean difference as the previous version of Qscat product and much smaller than the NCEP-1 and 2. On the other hand, it is slightly larger root-mean-square (RMS) difference than the previous one and NCEPs for the comparison using the KEO buoy data. This may be due to the deficit of high wind speed data in the buoy measurement. The high resolution product, together with sea surface temperature (SST) one, is used to examine a new type of relationship between the lower atmosphere and upper ocean in the Kuroshio Extension region.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.149-156
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• 2002

Field measurements were carried out in this study to investigate the behavior of cut and cover tunnel such as the distribution and the magnitude of the earth pressure during back fill process of the ground material. Three kinds of measuring instruments, such as the earth pressure load cell, the concrete strain gauge and the reinforcing bar meter of embedded type in concrete structure were installed and measured. Earth pressure load cells, installed after construction of the tunnel lining, measure the outside forces acting on the tunnel lining with radial directions. Three load cells were installed at the crown, the right and the left shoulder of the tunnel, respectively. Three sets of reinforcing bar meter were installed in the double reinforcements of the tunnel lining and their locations were the same with the position of the earth pressure load cells. Concrete strain gauge was installed only one site of the upper compressive part at the tunnel crown. Based on the measuring results in the field, the deformation and the earth pressure acting on the tunnel lining were investigated with the back fill process of the ground material. Considerations on the validity of the measuring results were paid. For the analysis of measurements, after dividing back fill process into three steps, various factors which affect on the behavior of tunnel lining were investigated at each step.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권2B호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2006

이 논문에서는 DMB에서의 주문형 데이터 방송을 위한 새로운 데이터 캐러셀 스케줄링 알고리듬을 제안한다. 클라이언트로부터 리궤스트를 받으면 서버는 그 리궤스트에 대한 통계치를 이용하여 아이템을 두 집합으로 나눈다. hot 아이템을 한 캐러셀 내에서 여러 번 반복하여 방송하도록 하여 그 아이템에 대한 클라이언트의 대기시간을 줄이도록 하였으며, hot 아이템의 방송회수에 상한선을 두어 cold 아이템의 방송 기회를 늘이도록 하여 클라이언트의 리퀘스트에 대한 응답 성공률을 높이도록 하였다. 모의실험을 통해 캐러셀 기반의 다른 알고리듬과 비교하였을 때 원하는 결과를 얻어낼 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.671-690
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• 2021

Seismic responses of RC core wall with two outriggers are investigated in this study. In the models analyzed here, one of the outriggers is fixed at the top of the building and the second is placed at different levels along the height of the system. Each of the systems resulting from the placement of the outrigger at different locations is designed according to the prescriptive codes. The location of the outrigger changes along the height. Linear design of all the structures is accomplished by using prescriptive codes. Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are used in the outriggers and forward directivity near fault and far fault earthquake record sets are used at maximum considered earthquake (MCE) level. Results from nonlinear time history analysis demonstrate that BRB outriggers can change the seismic responses like force distribution and deformation demand of the RC core-walls over the height and lead to the new plastic hinge arrangement over the core-wall height. Plasticity extension in the RC core wall occurs at the base as well as adjacent to the outrigger levels. Considering the maximum inter-story drift ratio (IDR) demand as an engineering parameter, the best location for the second outrigger is at 0.75H, in which the maximum IDR at the region upper the second outrigger level is approximately equal to the corresponding value in the lower region.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.839-849
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• 2023

The development of automation technology to reduce human error by minimizing human intervention is accelerating with artificial intelligence and big data processing technology, even in the nuclear field. Among nuclear power plant operation modes, the startup and shutdown operations are still performed manually and thus have the potential for human error. As part of the development of an autonomous operation system for startup operation, this paper proposes an action coordinating strategy to obtain the optimal actions. The lower level of the system consists of operating blocks that are created by analyzing the operation tasks to achieve local goals through soft actor-critic algorithms. However, when multiple agents try to perform conflicting actions, a method is needed to coordinate them, and for this, an action coordination strategy was developed in this work as the upper level of the system. Three quantification methods were compared and evaluated based on the future plant state predicted by plant parameter prediction models using long short-term memory networks. Results confirmed that the optimal action to satisfy the limiting conditions for operation can be selected by coordinating the action sets. It is expected that this methodology can be generalized through future research.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.42.3-42.3
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• 2019

We translate Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) ultraviolet (UV) multi-channel images into another UV single-channel image using a deep learning algorithm based on conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs). The base input channel, which has the highest correlation coefficient (CC) between UV channels of AIA, is 193 Å. To complement this channel, we choose two channels, 1600 and 304 Å, which represent upper photosphere and chromosphere, respectively. Input channels for three models are single (193 Å), dual (193+1600 Å), and triple (193+1600+304 Å), respectively. Quantitative comparisons are made for test data sets. Main results from this study are as follows. First, the single model successfully produce other coronal channel images but less successful for chromospheric channel (304 Å) and much less successful for two photospheric channels (1600 and 1700 Å). Second, the dual model shows a noticeable improvement of the CC between the model outputs and Ground truths for 1700 Å. Third, the triple model can generate all other channel images with relatively high CCs larger than 0.89. Our results show a possibility that if three channels from photosphere, chromosphere, and corona are selected, other multi-channel images could be generated by deep learning. We expect that this investigation will be a complementary tool to choose a few UV channels for future solar small and/or deep space missions.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2019

The geomorphological changes of an unvegetated part of the Okjukdong coastal dune were analyzed between 2008 and 2018. Its natural landscape has been destroyed after artificial forestation, but there is no quantitative evidence on these changes. In this study, we measured the unvegetated area using a total station and a network RTK-GPS in 2008, 2014, and 2018. Using Krging method for the three point data sets, we constructed digital elevation models (DEMs) and analyzed topographic changes between the three years. The results showed that the sand of the study area decreased in volume from 2008 to 2014, because sand supply from the nearby beach was blocked by coastal forests. The sand volume temporarily increased from 2014 to 2018, because of the dune nourishment conducted in 2017. It seems that the upper part of the sand dune has shrunk, but the sand at the bottom has increased over the last decade.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2021

In the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, the Yangsan Fault, an active fault zone, has developed. Many earthquakes occur around these faults, and the possibility of earthquakes occurring along the branch faults is being discussed. On the other hand, the Yeongdeok Fault is reported in Yeongdeok-gun, which is the northern part of the Yangsan fault. In this study, goemorphic characteristics of a set faults found on the outcrop of the gentle slope of the coast of Byeonggok-myeon were analyzed and granulometric and geochemical characteristics of sediments and other materials, including fault gouges were analyzed. The outcrop of Byeonggok-myeon is the part of the fault core and can be divided into two parts. Theses fault are formed on the upper part of the Mesozoic bedrock and the tertiary sedimentary layer of red sand-supported clasts are covered in several sedimentary units. The faults were normal fault sets, and a number of vertical cracks were developed, and glossy surfaces were observed in the fault area. It appears that these faults have occurred after alluvial deposition had been formed. In the case of samples from fault gouges, there were differences in particle size and geochemical characteristics from the surrounding area.

• 암석학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.123-139
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• 2010

강화군 석모도 일대의 선캠브리아기 및 중생대 화강암류에서 발달하는 단열계의 특성이 조사 분석되었다. 노두에서 측정한 대부분의 단열은 경사가 거의 수직이거나 급하다. 빈도등급에 의한 단열 조의 방향성은 다음과 같다: Set $1:N2^{\circ}E/77^{\circ}SE$, Set $2:N17^{\circ}E/84^{\circ}NW$, Set $3:N26^{\circ}E/64^{\circ}SE$, Set $4:N86^{\circ}W/82^{\circ}SW$, Set $5:N80^{\circ}W/77^{\circ}NE$, Set $6:N60^{\circ}W/85^{\circ}SW$, Set $7:N73^{\circ}E/87^{\circ}NW$, Set $8:N82^{\circ}W/53^{\circ}NE$, Set $9:N23^{\circ}W/86^{\circ}SW$, Set 10: $N39^{\circ}W/61^{\circ}NE$ 단열군으로 나타났다. 특히, 단열의 주향(N:240)을 표시한 장미도에서는 남-북~북북동 및 서북서의 대표적인 2 방향을 지시한다. 석모도에서 발달하는 단열의 이러한 분포형태는 기존의 연구에서 시사한 국내의 주요 선구조선의 분포형태와 부합한다. 한편, 단열 모집단의 길이분포에 대한 스케일링 성질을 조사하였다. 먼저 선캠브리아기 장봉편암 및 중생대 화강암류(북부 및 남부암체)에서 측정한 단열 조는 주향 과 빈도수에 의하여 5개 그룹(그룹 I~V)으로 분류하였다. 그 다음, 상기한 5개 그룹에 대한 개개 길이-누적빈도 도표를 종합한 분포도를 작성하였다. 관계도에서 거의 멱법칙의 길이 분포를 따르는 상기한 5개 부집단(그룹 I~V)은 지수(-0.79~-1.53)의 넓은 범위를 보여준다. 이러한 5개 그룹 사이의 지수의 상대적인 차이는 방향성 효과의 중요성을 강조한다. 관계도에서 5개 그룹 중 그룹 Ⅲ의 도표가 보다 상위영역을 차지한다. 마지막으로, 각 암체에 대한 길이 빈도 분포의 특성을 보여주는 분포도를 작성하였다. 관계도에서 각 암체의 도표는 반상흑운모화강암 < 각섬석화강섬록암 < 중립질흑운모화강암(남부암체) < 중립질흑운모화강암(북부암체) < 장봉편암의 순으로 배열되어 있다. 관계도에서 생성시기가 보다 고기인 암체의 도표가 보다 상위영역을 차지하는 경향이 있다. 특히, 선캠브리아기 장봉편암의 도표는 중생대 화강암류의 도표에 비하여 보다 상위영역을 차지한다. 이와 같은 분포특성은 암체의 생성 이후에 작용한 응력장과 부합하는 신규 단열의 발생과 더불어 기존 단열의 성장작용의 공존을 시사한다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.515-521
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• 1997

난지도 매립장 매립물의 특성을 조사하기 위해서 중력, 자력, LandSat TM 열적외선 밴드 자료, 매립장의 표면에서 측정한 침하량 자료 등을 다변량 통계분석기법을 응용하여 분석하였다. 분석에 이용한 자료들은 각기 상이한 깊이에 관한 정보를 제공하기 때문에 측정된 총 자력자료와 중력자료는 자극화변환된 자력이상과 매립장의 3차원 밀도분포로 각기 전환하였으며, 본 연구에서는 이 중 매립장의 상부층에 관한 정보를 이용하였다. 통계분석은 침하량 측정 지점들을 대상으로 수행하였으며, 이들 지점에서의 자극화변환 자력이상, 매립물의 밀도, LandSat TM 열적외선 밴드 값들은 내삽방법을 이용하여 구하였다. 자료분석에 사용한 다변량 통계분석 기법은 개체간의 기하학적인 거리를 이용하여 군집화하는 집락분석으로, 개체간의 거리 계산시 각 자료간의 상이한 측정단위가 주는 효과를 제거하기 위해서 사전에 표준화를 실시하였다. 군집화는 체계적 군집화 방법을 이용하여 수행하였다. 물리적 특성을 바탕으로 분류된 최적의 군집수는 수상도에서 나타난 결과에 따르면 총 6개의 군집으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 통합된 지구물리자료에 다변량 통계분석 기법을 적용함으로써 복합적 인 쓰레기 매립장의 특성 규명이 가능함을 시사한다.