• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 1976

The perturbation of dose distribution adjacent to cavities in high energy electron has shown that the percentage of dose increase varies markedly as a function of the build-up layer, the length and thickness of the cavities, and the electron energy. The dose distribution showed that cavities similar in size to those encountered in the head and neck measured by industrial film dosimetry and corrected by ionization chambers. The most increased doses by measuring are resulted in a localized dose of up to 130% of that measured at the depth of maximum dose within a homogeneous tissue equivalent phantom. The measured values and correction factors of dose perturbation due to air cavities showed in diagrams and would be summarized as follows. 1. In $8{\sim}12MeV$ electron beams, the most marked dose is observed when the build-up layer thickness is 0.5cm and cavity volume is $2{\times}2{\times}2cm^3$. 2. The highest dose point is located under cavity when the energy is increased and cavity length is longer. 3. The cavity length at which the maximum percentage dose occurs decreases with increasing energy. 4. The highest percentage cavity doses are obtained when the energy is high, the build-up layer is thin, the thickness of the cavity is large, and the length of the cavity is approximately 1 to 3cm. 5. The doses of upper portion of cavity are less than the standard dose distribution as 5 to 10%. 6. The maximum range of electron beam are extended as much as thickness of cavity. 7. A cavity having a length of 5cm closely approximates a cavity of infinite length.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.272-276
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• 2016

Al doped ZnO (AZO) single layer and AZO/Ag bi-layered films were deposited on the glass substrates by radio frequency and direct current magnetron sputtering and then the effect of Ag buffer layer on the electrical and optical properties of the films was investigated. The thicknesses of AZO upper layer was kept as 100 nm, while Ag buffer layer was varied from 5 to 15 nm. The observed results mean that opto-electrical properties of the AZO films is influenced with Ag buffer layer and AZO film with 10 nm thick Ag buffer layer show the higher opto-electrical performance than that of the AZO single layer film prepared in this study.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.891-918
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• 2015

In many of microdevices a part of a microbeam is covered by a piezoelectric layer. Depend on the application a DC or AC voltage is applied between upper and lower side of the piezoelectric layer. A common method in many of previous works for evaluating the response of these structures is discretizing by Galerkin method. In these works often single mode shape of a uniform microbeam i.e. the microbeam without piezoelectric layer has been used as comparison function, and so the convergence of the solution has not been verified. In this paper the Galerkin method is used for discretization, and a comprehensive analysis on the convergence of solution of equation that is discretized using this comparison function is studied for both clamped-clamped and clamped-free microbeams. The static and dynamic solution resulted from Galerkin method is compared to the modal expansion solution. In addition the static solution is compared to an exact solution. It is denoted that the required numbers of uniform microbeam mode shapes for convergence of static solution due to DC voltage depends on the position and thickness of deposited piezoelectric layer. It is shown that when the clamped-clamped microbeam is coated symmetrically by piezoelectric layer, then the convergence for static solution may be obtained using only first mode. This result is valid for clamped-free case when it is covered by piezoelectric layer from left clamped side to the right. It is shown that when voltage is AC then the number of required uniform microbeam shape mode for convergence is much more than the number of required mode in modal expansion due to the dynamic effect of piezoelectric layer. This difference increases by increasing the piezoelectric thickness, the closeness of the excitation frequency to natural frequency and decreasing the damping coefficient. This condition is often indefeasible in microresonator system. It is concluded that discreitizing the equation of motion using one mode shape of uniform microbeam as comparison function in many of previous works causes considerable errors.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1497-1505
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• 2000

A numerical study is made on the ice-formation for a laminar flow in a curved channel. When the water flows through the curved channel with the walls specified below the freezing temperature, the ice layer has been formed on the curved surface, different from that of a straight channel. The fluctuation of ice layer has been predicted, considering the variation of velocity and temperature near the curved portion of channel. The study also takes into account the interaction existing between the laminar flow and the curved channel. In the solution strategy, the present study is substantially different from the existing works in that the complete set of governing equations in both the solid and liquid regions are resolved. The results from this study have been mainly presented, focusing on the variation of ice layer close to the curved portion. Numerical results have been obtained parametrically by varying the curved angle and the radius of curvature of channel, in addition to the variation of Reynolds numbers and wall temperatures of channel. The results show that the curved shape of channel has the great effect on the thickness of the solidification layer. The wave of ice layer thickness appears in the vicinity of curved portion. This behavior of ice layer has been amplified as is the increasing of curved angle and the radius of curvature of channel. In addition, the ice layer becomes thin as Reynolds numbers in increasing. And also, as the wall temperature of channel increases, the width of channel becomes to be shrunk due to the growth of ice layers in the upper and lower wall of channel.

• 지구물리
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1999

경북 포항시 일월동 지역에서 482 m 길이의 동서 방향의 측선에 대한 탄성파 굴절법 및 반사법탐사를 실시하였다. 자료수집에서 지오폰 간격과 오프셋은 각각 2 m로 설정하였으며, 발파는 끝점 발파 배열 방법을 이용하여 한 발파점마다 24채널을 기록하였다. 발파 간격은 2 m로 하여 측선의 전구간에서 탄성파 자료를 취득하였다. 굴절법탐사 자료의 해석은 수평다층구조 이론을 적용하여 실시하였으며, 반사파 자료 처리는 트레이스 편집, 이득조절, 공심점 분류, 수직경로시차 보정, 뮤트 과정을 거친 후 동일 오프셋 모음을 취하여 단일중첩 탄성파 단면을 작성하고 필터링을 거친 후 해석에 이용하였다. 굴절법탐사 자료 해석결과 조사 측선 구간의 천부지반은 크게 2층으로 구분되는데, 상부층은 267∼566 m/s 의 P파 속도 분포를 보여 대체로 미고결 퇴적층이며, 하부층은 1096∼3108 m/s 의 P파 속도 분포를 보여 풍화암∼경암의 암반으로 구성되었음을 알 수 있다. 상부 미고결층은 수평적으로 큰 변화를 보이고 있는 바, 측선의 동측 구간에는 평균 400 m/s 의 P파 속도를 보이는 미고결 사암층이 3∼5 m 두께로 발달되어 있으며, 측선의 서측 구간은 평균 340 m/s 의 P파 속도를 갖는 매립토층이 8∼10 m 두께로 발달된 것으로 해석된다. 반사파 단면도에서 조사구간에 3개의 고각의 단층대가 분포하며, 이들 단층대를 경계로 기반암이 나누어져 있으며 단층대 사이의 구간은 비교적 안정된 지반으로 해석된다. 대형 건물의 위치는 단층대를 피하여 안정된 지반 구간에 위치해야 함을 고려할 때, 그 기초를 3∼10 m 깊이 하부에 위치하는 기반암 내에 설치되도록 설계되어야 할 것이다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2002

소형루프 전자탐사의 가탐심도를 추정하기 위하여 주파수영역에서 2층구조에 대한 감도를 해석적으로 유도하였다. 이를 기초로 송수신 간격 2m 내외의 다중주파수 전자탐사 기기의 감도를 분석하고, 반응의 크기를 기준으로 가탐심도를 추정하였다. 먼저 감도 계산 결과는 하부층에 대한 감도는 동상성분이 이상성분에 비해 매우 높고 상부층의 두께가 20m에 이르더라도 저주파수 대역에서는 상부층의 감도에 비해 절대적으로 크다는 것을 나타낸 반면, 이상성분은 하부층에 대한 감도가 매우 약함을 보여준다. 따라서 다중 주파수를 이용한 소형루프 전자탐사에서는 동상성분의 정확한 측정이 가탐심도의 증대에 필수적임을 입증하였다. 전기비저항이 100ohm-m인 상부층 밑에 10ohm-m의 전기비저항을 갖는 하부층이 존재할 경우에는, 동상성분의 정확한 측정을 통하여 잡음 수준을 고려하더라도 10m까지의 가탐심도를 충분히 확보할 수 있으며 따라서 매립장의 침출수 분포 범위 영상화 등을 위해서 유용할 것으로 보인다. 그러나 전기비저항이 1,000ohm-m로 높은 기반암이 존재할 경우에는 비록 하부층의 감도는 상부층에 비해 매우 높으나 반응의 절대값이 매우 미약하여 탐지가 어려우며 이상성분 자료와의 복합적인 해석을 통해서도 기기의 정확도를 고려할 때, 가탐심도가 5 m를 넘기 힘든 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 전기비저항이 높은 지역에서는, 송수신 간격이 2m 내외로 짧은 다중주파수 소형루프 전자탐사법이 금속성 매설물의 탐지를 위해서는 유용하지만 기반암의 심도 규명에는 적절치 않다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2013

The philtrum plays a key role in the appearance of the upper lip and nostril sill. Therefore, construction of the philtrum is crucial for attaining a natural appearance of the upper lip. We used a flipping myoplasty of the orbicularis oris muscle on a patient with a flat philtrum in order to effectively reconstruct the philtral dimple and column. A 35-year-old female presented to our department with the complaint of a flat upper lip. A superficial layer of the orbicularis oris muscle on the median aspect of the upper lip was vertically incised and elevated to a thickness of 2 mm. Both sides of the elevated muscle flap were then folded to the lateral sides so that the border could be sutured onto the outer portion of the orbicularis oris muscle. The patient was observed for one year postoperatively. Her philtrum deepened by 1.25 mm, with the central angle of her Cupid's bow improving from a preoperative measurement of $146^{\circ}$ to $128^{\circ}$ postoperatively. In a patient with an indistinct philtrum, a flipping orbicularis oris myoplasty was performed to attain a definite philtral column and a philtral dimple. Natural upper lip movement was maintained, and an aesthetically and functionally satisfactory reconstruction was achieved.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.379-384
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• 2001

This Paper Presents field application test results of mass concrete using super retarding agent. The field test was carried out at mat foundation(thickness 1m) of newly constructed information center of Chongju university. Placing lift composed of 2 layers, and each layer is 50cm. Fly ash and flowing method is also applied. Difference of setting time of concrete between with super retarding agent and without super retarding agent is considered. Concrete without super retarding agent is placed at upper layer and with super retarding agent at lower layer According to test results, the reducing method of hydration heat considering difference of setting time with super retarding agent can reduce the highest temperature about 3~4$^{\circ}C$, and delay the peak time about 3~4days. Compressive strength using super retarding agent is somewhat higher than that of normal concrete. Accordingly, super retarding agent does not affect the strength development.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.772-776
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• 2001

The flow structures of turbulent shear layer behind oil fences with different tip configurations were investigated experimentally using flow visualization and PIV velocity field measurement. An oil fence was installed in a circulating water channel and the flow structure around the fence tip was mainly analyzed in this experiment. The four tip configurations tested in this experiment are knife edge; semi-circle edge, circular edge and rectangular edge. The 300 instantaneous velocity fields were measured using the single-frame PIV system and they were ensemble averaged to give the mean velocity field and spatial distribution of turbulent statistics. Free stream velocity was fixed at 10ms/sec and the corresponding Reynolds number based on the fence height was Re=4000. As a result, for the oil fence with rectangular edge, the streamwise velocity component was decreased. On the other hand it was increased for the oil fence with circular edge. For all four fences tested in this study, general flow pattern of the lower shear layer is analogous but the upper layer shows difference depending on the tip configurations. The oil fence with circular edge has more diffusive upper shear layer than that of the others. The shear layer of the oil fence with rectangular edge has relatively thin thickness. The oil fence with circular edge was found to be proper shape for tandem fence.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2006

본 연구는 2003년 10월부터 2005년 8월까지의 ARGO 뜰개에 의해 수집된 CTD 자료를 이용하여 울릉도 주변 해역의 수온-염분의 시공간 변동 양상을 분석하였다. 울릉도 주변 해역 상층 700m에서의 수괴는 5종류로 세분할 수 있으며, 가을 표층에는 여름의 고온저염수에 비해 더 저온저염화 된 수괴가 존재한다. 염분최소층을 갖는 동해중층수는 평균적으로 수심 265 m에 존재하며, 수온은 $1\~5^{\circ}C$염분 34.06 psu이하이고 평균 두께는 175m이다. 동해중층수의 두께는 시공간적으로 크게 변하지 않지만, 울릉난수성 소용돌이가 존재하는 경우 동해중층수의 위치 수심은 더 깊어지고, 이 영향으로 상부동해고유수의 수심 또한 저층으로 침강하게 된다. 본 자료에 의하면, 울릉난수성 소용돌이가 갖는 볼록렌즈 모양의 수온 구조는 700m수심까지 존재한다. ARGO 뜰개들이 수집한 약 2년의 측정 기간과 짧은 시간 간격의 수직 수온-염분 프로파일 자료는 연구 해역의 상세 수직 구조 및 단기 시간-공간 변동성을 이해하는데 대단히 유용하였다.