• Spatial Information Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

본 연구는 육화 추세를 추적하는 과정에서 MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index)와 NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)를 통합한 접근의 실용성을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 사례 연구지역인 우포늪에 대해 MNDWI는 수분 지수에 민감하여, 수문 객체는 더욱 강조하고 습윤 토양의 변화를 추적하는 등 수문 객체 외의 요소들은 더욱 강하게 배제하는 근거를 제시하였다. NDVI는 식생의 수령, 식생밀도에 대한 정보를 제시하고, 수분객체와 다른 토지 피복 유형(식생, 건물, 도로 등)을 가시적으로 추적하였다. NDVI와 MNDWI의 통합접근을 통해 산출되는 정량적이고 거시적인 정보는 NDVI와 MNDWI의 변화가 육화에 대한 정량적인 근거로 활용될 수 있다는 의미있는 결과를 보여준다. 본 연구는 향후 내륙습지의 육화에 대한 장기적 모니터링과 전반적인 육화 대응방안을 도출하는 과정에서 NDVI, MNDWI 통합접근의 근거가 되는 기초자료를 제공하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

Human activities have enhanced the influx of heavy metals to aquatic ecosystem and hanged the abiotic environment such as the sediments supporting benthic organisms. The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the benthic gastropod Oxyloma hirasei and the sediments around their habitat were investigated to examine heavy metal levels and the potential of the gastropod as a bioindicator. We detected different levels of heavy metals in the sediments of two wetland areas, Upo and Mokpo, in the relatively well-conserved Upo wetland, Ramsar Convention Area. Oxyloma hirasei had higher concentrations of heavy metals except Cr and Ni in their soft tissues than in their shells (Cd: $2.10{\sim}3.16$, Cu: $19.73{\sim}28.66$, Pb: $0.67{\sim}1.17$, Zn: $216.1{\sim}285.7\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the soft tissues; Cr: $1.19{\sim}2.58$, Ni: $0.47{\sim}1.16\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the shells). Differences in the Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations in O. hirasei soft tissues reflected differences in heavy metal concentrations in the sediments at the sampling sites. The coefficients of variation for Cd, Cu and Pb were lower than those for other metals in the soft tissues. Levels of Cd in the tissues of O. hirasei were the highest among the metals examined in this study. Therefore, the soft tissue of O. hirasei appears to be a promising bioindicator particularly for Cd.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to define the species composition of the soil seed banks at major wetlands in Nakdong river basin and central korea and to investigate how soil seed banks relate to aboveground vegetation and soil texture. In 2005, we sampled seed banks at Baksil reservoir, Jillal marsh, Deapyeng marsh, Hwapo marsh, Upo marsh and Junam reservoir in Nakdong river basin and Osan stream and Amsa-dong in Seoul. The soil seeds were estimated with the emergence method from April to October. Total numbers of species at the seed banks were 33 at Baksil, 18 at Daepyeong, 35 at Jillal, 56 at Upo, 32 at Hwapo, 47 at Osan stream, 54 at Amsa waterside, 31 at Amsa meadow. The species diversity in the soil seed banks of Upo marsh was the highest as 0.95. The community overlap index that compares aboveground with underground vegetation is high in the Upo marsh (0.34), Jilla marsh (0.36), and Osan stream (0.27). Soil texture affected distribution of 8 species, Lindernia procumbens, L. attenuata, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Juncus effusus, Persicaria thunbergii, Eragrostis multicaulis, Cyperus nipponicus, Scirpus fluviatilis. Considering the social and cultural values, soils at Amsa meadow, Hwapo marsh and Osan stream have worth to use for wetland restoration.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2011

The studies on community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental survey in selected four sites were performed on wetland Upo from 2008 to 2009. The lowest water temperature was measured at Upo and Mokpo showing $7^{\circ}C$ in February of 2008 and 2009 respectively. The highest water temperature was measured at Upo showing $32^{\circ}C$ in August of 2009. The lowest pH was measured at Topyeong with 5.3 in August of 2009, and the highest pH was measured at Mokpo with 10.1 in August of 2008. Generally the levels pH of 2008 were higher than those of 2009. The range of electric conductivity to the sites was big. Overall, the higher electric conductivity was seen at Sajipo and the lower one was seen at Mokpo. The level of Dissolved oxygen was lowest at Upo with $5.53mg/\ell$ in August 2008, and it was highest at Upo with $14.76mg/\ell$ in February of 2008. The investigation was performed with both quantitative and qualitative collecting methods from four surveying sites, Upo, Mokpo, Sajipo and Topyeong. Through the eight times of seasonal survey, 6 classes, 17 orders, 59 families, 131 species and 5460 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected. 6 classes, 17 orders, 53 families 106 species and 2439 individuals were identified in 2008, and 6 classes, 16 orders, 44 families, 93 species and 3021 individuals were collected in 2009. The number of species was decreased in 2009 comparing that of 2008, however, the number of individuals were increased in 2009. The dominant species and the subdominant species was Plea (Paraplea) indistinguenda and Diplonychus esakii with 20.16% and 11.90% of dominant indices respectively. From the community analysis, both the species diversity index and the species richness index were highest in Topyeong showing 4.743 and 9.054 respectively. The similarity evaluation to the investigation sites with the species in there showed very high similarity among Upo, Mokpo and Sajipo showing 5 or lower levels of distance cluster combine.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2010

The study aims to comprehend the effect of the wetland ecology education on the elementary school students' changes of recognition about wetland through the wetland ecology map program. In this study, the literary research, the experimental research and the survey methods were operated. Through the literary research, the environmental factors were extracted, and the writing item of ecology map was reconstructed based on the literary research, so the experimental research was operated with the wetland ecology map program. Through four areas of test items such as the information and knowledge, values and attitudes, development and conservation, behavior and participation, and the analysis of children's study results, the effect of the wetland ecology map program on changes of recognition about wetland was verified quantitatively and qualitatively. Wetland ecology map program would be able to be an educational approach which can achieve the 'personalization of environment' setting up predictable environmental improvement goals and satisfying the needs of spatial information of the appropriate regions from the holistic perspective that students themselves plan and participate beyond a one-time experience program. Production of ecological map through continuous monitoring is expected to improve the possibility of subjective environmental actions by operating self-directed learning. Based on the conclusion of this study, we would suggest the following. For wetland ecology map program to be supplemented and utilized, the basic education of wetland should be organized in regular school curriculum, ecology map program including various teaching learning methods be prepared actively, and in future studies, studies of ecosystem-wide wetland ecology map program including animals like birds and fish are necessary.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2014

이 연구는 2013년 6월부터 8월까지 우포늪에서 번식하는 물꿩 Hydrophasianus chirurgus의 서식지 이용 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 연구의 목적은 물꿩의 개체군 관리를 위한 정보를 수집하기 위함이다. 연구기간 중 둥지는 총 4개가 관찰되었으며, 둥지의 위치는 수변으로부터 $56.2{\pm}16.37m$에 있었다. 물꿩의 둥지는 모두 가시연꽃(Euryale ferox) 위에 만드는 것으로 확인되었고, 둥지재료는 생이가래(Salvinia natans), 개구리밥(Spirodela polyrhiza), 붕어마름 (Ceratophyllum demersum), 자라풀(Hydrocharis duvia) 등의 수생식물을 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 번식활동에 가장 큰 방해요인으로 작용하는 것은 인간의 간섭인 것으로 나타났고, 방해 시 알을 옮기는 행동이 관찰되었다. 관찰된 4개의 둥지 중 2개의 둥지에서 알을 옮기는 행동이 관찰되었으며, 약 1~2m 정도 옮긴 것을 확인하였다. 우포늪은 가시연꽃 군락이 넓게 분포하고 있고, 수심 또한 안정적으로 유지되고 있기 때문에 매년 우포늪을 찾아오는 물꿩의 수는 늘어날 것으로 예상된다. 과거에는 우리나라를 찾는 물꿩의 수가 적어 관리 계획에 포함되어 있지 않았으나, 최근 들어 규칙적으로 도래하고 있고, 개체수도 증가하는 추세라 개체군 관리를 위한 방안마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.665-675
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• 2011

댐 상류지역 및 주변지역에 위치하고 있는 습지는 댐의 수질개선, 동식물의 서식처 확보 등과 같은 생태보전 및 경관 제공 기능을 제공할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 댐이 지니고 있는 습지의 역할을 검토하기 위하여 수문지형학적 방법인 HGM을 이용하여 댐습지의 기능을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 우포늪과 보령댐을 기준습지로 선정하여 용담댐의 기능을 평가하였으며, 그 결과 전체적인 기능이 0.6점 이상으로 나타났다. 이는 댐습지와 자연습지를 비교했을 때, 댐습지가 자연습지의 약 60%의 기능을 수행하는 것을 나타낸다. 따라서 댐에 위치하고 있는 습지의 관리와 보전이 잘 이루어진다면 보다 더 효과적으로 기능을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 판단 된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2010

Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in wetland constructions in Korea as a flood control measure during the flood season and for consideration of the ecology during the non-flood season. In this study, hydraulic and hydrologic analyses were performed on a wetland construction plan for use as an alternative sustainable flood defense during the flood season, as well as a wetland that can protect the ecosystem during the non-flood season. The study area was the basin of the Topyeong-cheon stream, which is a tributary of the Nakdong River, including the Upo wetland, which is registered in the Ramsar Convention and the largest inland wetland in Korea. Wetlands were to be constructed at upstream and downstream of the Upo wetland by considering and analyzing seven scenarios for their constructions to investigate the effect of flood control during the flood season; it was found the best scenario reduced the flood level by 0.56 m. To evaluate the usefulness of the constructed wetlands during the non flood season, the water balance in the wetlands was analyzed, with the best scenario found to maintain a minimum water level of 1.3 m throughout the year. Therefore, the constructed wetlands could provide an alternative measure for flood prevention as well as an ecosystem for biodiversity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2024

We investigated the change in land-use alteration in a 45 km × 45 km area around the Upo wetlands in 1920s(before the Japanese occupation period), 1950s(immediately Korean independence) and the period 1970s to 2000s. These data can guide in understanding surface environmental changes in the lower Nakdong River from the early 20^th century to the present. The influence of the long-term decreasing trend of the wetland area at the Upo Swamp was evaluated using a high-resolution local circulation model. The cooling effect of the wetlands on surface air during the daytime in summer(e.g, early August) was approximately 2℃ greater in the 1920s than in the 2000s, which is attributed to wider water areas in the 1920s. Additionally, long-term changes in land use have caused changes in the convergence zone of local circulation wind.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2006

Upo wetland is the largest inland wetland in Korea as Ramsar Convention Area. The purposes of the study were to investigate the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the sediment and Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata from three sites of the wetland and to assess the potential of the gastropod as a bioindicator for heavy metal levels. The gastropods were dissected into shell and soft tissue without the digestive and excretive organs. The levels of Cd, Cu and Pb were below the guideline of Soil Environment Conservation Act and the heavy metals except Cr were slightly different among the sites. Cd was higher in Upo site ($0.32{\mu}g/g$) than Sajipo site ($0.28{\mu}g/g$). Cu and Zn showed the highest value in Sajipo as $43.5{\mu}g/g\;and\;39.8{\mu}g/g$, respectively while the concentrations of Pb and Zn were the highest in Upstream as $58.8{\mu}g/g\;and\;138{\mu}g/g$, respectively. In the soft tissues and shells of the gastropod, the overall common trend in the concentrations of the heavy metals was revealed with the following order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd and Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd, respectively. Although the soft tissues exhibited higher concentrations of the heavy metals except Ni than the shell in the gastropod, the levels of Cd and Pb in the gastropod were generally below the restrictive values set up by Korea Food & Drug Administration. From Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) results, the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the sediments among the sites were reflected on the soft tissue (Pb) and the shell (Pb and Zn) of the gastropod in the same order. The lower value of coefficient of variation (CV) in Pb concentration of the shell than in that of the soft tissue supports the usefulness of the shell as a bioindicator for Pb pollution. Although the CV value in the shell was a little higher than in the soft tissue, DMRT results and the stability of incorporated Zn into the shell support the use of the shell of the gastropod as a potential bioindicator for long-term contamination of Zn.