• 약학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2015

The term "GMP" firstly came on the 1962 amendment of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act and the US FDA established and officially announced the Good Manufacturing Practice Regulation for the first time in the world in 1963. In 1969, the World Health Organization published the GMP regulation and recommended that member states adopt the GMP regulation and implement the "GMP Certification Scheme" for international commerce of finished pharmaceutical products. As a result, GMP requirements have become important ones that have to be complied with in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. The Korean GMP regulation was announced as the official notification by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs in 1977. The KGMP regulation was voluntarily adopted by pharmaceutical companies at the early stage, but it had become mandatory. In addition, various kinds of GMP regulations have been established to cover active pharmaceutical ingredients, biological products and others, in addition to finished pharmaceutical products. Taking account of technological development and changes in the pharmaceutical environments, the KGMP regulation was fully amended and harmonized with GMP requirements of developed countries. In this way, the KGMP has developed to keep up with international trends and standards, leading to accession to the Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme (PIC/S).

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.560-565
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• 2017

Geraniin, a hydrolysable tannin, used in traditional medicine in Southeast Asia, is known to exhibit various biological activities. As an antioxidant it is known to up-regulate phase II enzyme Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However its mechanism is not clearly understood. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) is transcriptionally up-regulated by Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and retained in nucleus due to inactivated Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ($GSK-3{\beta}$). Geraniin additionally down-regulates expression of microRNA 217 and 377 (miR-217 and miR-377) which target HO-1 mRNA. Expression of BTB and CNC homolog 1 (BACH-1), another regulator of HO-1, is also down-regulated by up-regulating microRNA 98 (miR-98), a negative regulator of BACH-1. Thus, geraniin up-regulates HO-1 expression both through activating its positive regulator Nrf-2 and by down-regulating its negative regulator BACH-1. Up-regulation of HO-1 also confers protection to HepG2 cells from tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) induced cytotoxicity.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2005년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.135-135
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• 2005

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.204.1-204.1
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• 2002

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.136-148
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• 2018

Major countries have tighten their NOx regulation of diesel passenger cars. In the case of the EU, the regulation has been toughen up to 6.25 times since 2000. Despite the regulation the NOx concentration of the ambient has not been reduced proportionally. As these issues, to reduce NOx emission practically, Korea and the EU introduced the real-world driving emission (RDE) regulation and the test method that will be applied after 2017. In this paper, for the regulation to make a soft landing in Korea, 6 diesel passenger cars which met Euro 6a~6d regulation and were equipped with LNT/SCR were tested at a chassis dynamometer with environmental chamber applying the off-cycles (FTP, US06, SC03, HWFET and CADC) and several ambient conditions (-7 and $14^{\circ}C$) as well as certification modes (NEDC, WLTC@ $23^{\circ}C$). The result of the test showed that the ambient temp. and the engine load as a test mode impacted the NOx emission of the cars while the vehicles with SCR emitted NOx lower than with LNT. Additionally, to propose an effective RDE test method, the above result was compared with the results of the other papers which tested RDE using the same cars.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.462-467
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• 2022

피드백 버퍼 구조는 오버슈트 및 언더슈트 현상 및 출력전압의 레귤레이션을 완화하기 위해 제안된다. 기존의 LDO 레귤레이터는 일정한 부하전류의 변화로 인해 발생하는 레귤레이션 전압 변화를 겪는다. 따라서 패스 트랜지스터의 게이트 단자의 전류를 충방전함으로써 패스 트랜지스터의 동작 속도가 향상된다. 피드백 버퍼 구조를 갖는 LDO 레귤레이터는 3.3~4.5V에서 동작하며 출력 전압은 3V이며, 최대 150mA의 부하 전류를 가집니다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따라 부하전류가 150mA까지 일정하게 변화하였을 때 6.2mV의 레귤레이션 값을 확보하였다.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 어머니의 낙관성 및 수용적 양육태도가 유아의 자기조절에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 유아교육기관 재원 중인 만3, 4, 5세 유아 361명과 그들의 어머니 361명이었다. 어머니의 낙관성 및 수용적 양육태도는 자기 보고식 측정 도구를 사용하였고, 유아의 자기조절(인지조절, 정서조절, 행동조절)은 부모 평정을 통하여 측정 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 자기조절이 연령에 따라 변화를 보이는지를 알아보기 위해 일원분산분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 유아의 인지조절과 행동조절은 연령에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였으나, 정서조절은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 어머니 낙관성의 하위요인이 유아의 자기조절에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 자기조절의 하위요인별로 회귀분석을 하였다. 그 결과, 낙관성 하위요인 중 지속성만이 자기조절 하위요인 모두에 영향을 주었다. 셋째, 어머니 수용적 양육태도의 하위요인이 유아의 자기조절에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 자기조절의 하위요인별로 단계적 회귀분석을 하였다. 그 결과, 수용적 양육태도 하위요인인 애정성과 권리가 자기조절의 하위요인 모두에 영향을 주었다. 독특성은 인지조절과 정서조절에 영향을 주었다. 이러한 결과는 어머니의 긍정적인 심리적 태도와 자녀에 대한 수용적인 자세가 유아의 자기조절 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 시사해준다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1997년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.651-656
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• 1997

Efforts are made to examine the role nuclear energy under the international carbon emissions regulation. To do so, an econometric model for energy demand and supply is developed. Here, several scenarios on the regulation are assumed and then each scenario is analyzed by using this model. This model also makes it Possible to analyze the effect of carbon tax. The results show that share nuclear increases up to 60% in 2020 Instead 45% makes GDP rise by 1.9% while the electricity price lower by 46% in carbon emission regulation.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

This thesis is to analyse the correlations between superior's behavior and subordi nate's personal character. In order to do this study first, I set up a hypothesis. Second, I surveyed the result from the questionnaire to verify it on the basis of the data on the 442 employees who work at Ban-Wol Complex in Ansan City Third, I used the SPSS program. Based on the result of the research, the hypothesis is proved as follows: The result from superior's autonomy shows high subordinate's Self-esteem and Self-regulation, but result from strong superior's regulation shows low Self-esteem and Self-regulation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

Melatonin, which is the main product of the pineal gland, has well documented antioxidant and immune-modulatory effects. Macrophages produce molecules that are known to play roles in inflammatory responses. We conducted microarray analysis to evaluate the global gene expression profiles in response to treatment with melatonin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In addition, eight genes were subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to confirm the results of the microarray. The cells were treated with LPS or melatonin plus LPS for 24 hr. LPS induced the up-regulation of 1073 genes and the down-regulation of 1144 genes when compared to the control group. Melatonin pretreatment of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells resulted in the down regulation of 241 genes and up regulation of 164 genes. Interestingly, among genes related to macrophage-mediated immunity, LPS increased the expression of seven genes (Adora2b, Fcgr2b, Cish, Cxcl10, Clec4n, Il1a, and Il1b) and decreased the expression of one gene (Clec4a3). These changes in expression were attenuated by melatonin. Furthermore, the results of real-time PCR were similar to those of the microarray. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin may have a suppressive effect on LPS-induced expression of genes involved in the regulation of immunity and defense in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, these results may explain beneficial effects of melatonin in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions.