• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2292-2314
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• 2006

Efficient numerical method is developed for the prediction of aerodynamic noise generation and propagation in low Mach number flows such as aeolian tone noise. The proposed numerical method is based on acoustic/viscous splitting techniques of which acoustic solvers use simplified linearised Euler equations, full linearised Euler equations and nonlinear perturbation equations as acoustic governing equations. All of acoustic equations are forced with immersed surface dipole model which is developed for the efficient computation of aerodynamic noise generation and propagation in low Mach number flows in which dipole source, originating from unsteady pressure fluctuation on a solid surface, is known to be more efficient than quadrupole sources. Multi-scale overset grid technique is also utilized to resolve the complex geometries. Initially, aeolian tone from single cylinder is considered to examine the effects that the immersed surface dipole models combined with the different acoustic governing equations have on the overall accuracy of the method. Then, the current numerical method is applied to the simulation of the aeolian tones from twin cylinders aligned perpendicularly to the mean flow and separated 3 diameters between their centers. In this configuration, symmetric vortices are shed from twin cylinders, which leads to the anti-phase of the lift dipoles and the in-phase of the drag dipoles. Due to these phase differences, the directivity of the fluctuating pressure from the lift dipoles shows the comparable magnitude with that from the drag dipoles at 10 diameters apart from the origin. However, the directivity at 100 diameters shows that the lift-dipole originated noise has larger magnitude than, but still comparable to, that of the drag-dipole one. Comparison of the numerical results with and without mean flow effects on the acoustic wave emphasizes the effects of the sheared background flows around the cylinders on the propagating acoustic waves, which is not generally considered by the classic acoustic analogy methods. Through the comparison of the results using the immersed surface dipole models with those using point sources, it is demonstrated that the current methods can allow for the complex interactions between the acoustic wave and the solid wall and the effects of the mean flow on the acoustic waves.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

Research has importance in proposing the design of a tunnel with a vertical vent to secure passengers in a comfortable environment and safe against pressure. Using several analysis methods, the magnitude of the pressure induced by the vertical vent in the tunnel can be analyzed. In addition to the 3-dimensional method, the 2-dimensional method and the 2-dimensional axis-symmetric method are also used to analyze the strong and weak points of each so that the optimum analysis method can be obtained. As a result, it appears that the 2-dimensional axis-symmetric method is the most suitable in analyzing tunnel pressure consider to accuracy and time effective aspect. Also, the 3-dimensional method is disadvantageous in that it takes longer in calculating results, but is more effective in predicting phenomena around the vertical vent in the tunnel.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1555-1569
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• 2000

Numerical simulation of fluid flow with moving free surface has been carried out. For the free surface flow, a VOF(Volume of Fluid)-based algorithm utilizing a fixed grid system has been investigated. In order to reduce numerical smearing at the free surface represented on a fixed grid system, a new free surface tracking algorithm based on the donor-acceptor scheme has been presented. Novel features of the proposed algorithm are characterized as two numerical tools; the orientation vector to represent the free surface orientation in each cell and the baby-cell to determine the fluid volume flux at each cell boundary. The proposed algorithm can be easily implemented in any irregular non-uniform grid systems that are usual in finite element method (FEM). Moreover, the proposed algorithm can be extended and applied to the 3-D free surface flow problem without additional efforts. For computation of unsteady incompressible flow, a finite element approximation based on the explicit fractional step method has been adopted. In addition, the SUPG(streamline upwind/Petrov-Galerkin) method has been implemented to deal with convection dominated flows. Combination of the proposed free surface tracking scheme and explicit fractional step formulation resulted in an efficient solution algorithm. Validity of the present solution algorithm was demonstrated from its application to the broken dam and the solitary wave propagation problems.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 2차원 부정류 해석을 위한 유한체적 수치모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형에서는 천수방정식의 수치해를 구하기 위하여 Lax-Friedrichs 해법에 근간을 둔 ENO (essentially non-oscillatory) 기법을 적용하였으며, 공간적으로 2차 정도 모의를 위하여 수정 MUSCL 기법을 적용하였다. 개발된 모형의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 해석해가 있는 1차원 댐 붕괴파 모의에 적용한 결과, 해석해와 유사한 결과를 나타냈으며, 수정 MUSCL 기법의 모의결과를 minmod 경사제한자를 사용한 모의결과와 비교한 결과, 수정 MUSCL 기법을 사용하는 경우 해석해와 더 근접한 결과를 나타냈다. 댐붕괴파의 2차원 해석에 대한 모형의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 대칭형, 비대칭형 댐 붕괴에 적용한 결과, 저수지에서 수로 구간으로 충격파 전파를 잘 모의했으며, 기존의 연구결과와 유사한 모의결과를 나타냈다. 개수로의 부정류 해석에 대한 모형의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 말단이 폐쇄된 수로의 입구에서 정상파가 주어졌을 때 수위와 유속을 모의하여 해석해와 비교하였으며, 입구와 말단이 폐쇄된 수로에서 파의 진동을 모의하여 모형의 거동을 평가하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2024

기술 발전에 힘입어 고속열차의 운항속도는 증가하고 있으며, 고속열차 외부 유동장으로부터 발생하는 공력소음은 설계 단계에서 매우 중요한 고려 대상이 되어왔다. 이러한 고속열차의 유동기인소음을 정확하게 예측하기 위해서는 근거리 음향장에서 고해상도의 음원 발생과 원거리 음향장에서 수치적 소산이 적은 소음 전파가 요구된다. 이는 실제 고속열차의 구성요소 별로 시공간 스케일을 모두 적절하게 고려할 수 있는 수치격자 및 시간해상도가 동반되어야 한다. 이러한 도전점을 극복하기 위해, 본 연구는 실제 크기 및 실제 운행속도의 고속열차 5차량의 외부 유동장 및 음향장을 3차원 압축성 대와류모사(Large Eddy Simulation, LES) 기법을 이용하여 동시 계산하였다. 수치해석의 검증을 위해 벽면압력섭동 측정 결과와 수치해석 결과를 비교하였다. Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings 방정식을 이용하여 고속열차로부터 방사되는 음향파워를 예측하고 주행속도간 결과를 비교분석하였다. 본 연구는 고속열차의 공력소음 발생 메커니즘 분석을 바탕으로 한 소음 저감에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.