• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify contraception behaviors in unmarried men and women. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Individual in-depth interviews with fifteen participants were conducted. Content analysis was utilized to determine the main outcomes. Results: For men, three themes were consistently seen as contraception behaviors: 'men desired sexual intercourse greatly', 'men would not use a contraceptive device, even though they knew it was necessary', and 'men gradually considered contraceptive use to live their lives without interruption'. For women, the three themes were as follow: 'women had sex half willingly while half did not have sexual inter course for the first time', 'women did not use contraceptive devices because of ignorance of contraceptive methods', and 'women did not carefully consider contraceptive use'. Conclusion: To prevent unmarried men and women from having unplanned pregnancies, tailored sex education programs should be established throughout Korea. All things considered, the effect of multimedia sex education should be considered to maximize the use of contraceptive devices.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.109-132
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• 2012

This study explores how unmarried workers use their leisure time according to the 2009 Korean Time Use Survey. The purposes of this study are: 1) to investigate leisure time as it relates to leisure participation rates and leisure participation time and 2) to analyze the effect of socio-demographic variables on leisure time and leisure participation by unmarried workers. The following is a summary of the major findings. First, leisure participation differed with variations in leisure activities. Unmarried workers participated in media contact, human relations activities, and hobby activities more than other activities. Participation in learning activities was higher on weekdays than on Sunday. Men participated in sports and outdoor activities more than women on Sundays. The participation rate of media contact was the highest, while the participation rate of volunteer activities was the lowest. Second, influencing factors on leisure time included gender, age, monthly income, and gender role attitudes when work time was controlled. For example, unmarried workers with egalitarian attitudes spent less leisure time. Third, gender was the strongest determinant of leisure participation. The probability of women's leisure participation was higher than men except in regards to sports and outdoor activities, and hobby activities.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.761-767
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• 2023

This research aimed to be provided as fundamental data for a method to equip people with positive values after identifying factors which can affect unmarried women's views on marriage. Data were collected from 508 subjects who were unmarried women in Chungbuk province, and were analysed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. The study materials were selected using structured questionnaire from May to August of 2022. It turned out that responses of unmarried women were 2.95 on the view of marriage, 1.75 on the view of gender role, and 2.85 on awareness of work and family balance. The factors which affected the view of marriage were both the view of child and the view of gender role. These variables have 46% of influence to explain view of marriage. Based on this study, it can be utilized as basis sources to find out methods to enhance positive values on the view of marriage.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.53-80
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual awareness variables influencing emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions of unmarried men and women. Independent variables were values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, perceptions and availabilities of marriage-related policies, views on the marriageable age, psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by significant people, and views on parents' support for marriage fund. Method: 553 unmarried men and women in Daegu, Korea were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS 22.0. Results: First, this study was more exploratory and in-depth approach to marriage intentions than precedent studies. The sub factors of marriage intentions were emotional, normative, and functional marriage ones. Second, emotional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage personally or by friends influenced emotional marriage intention. Third, normative marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, religion, occupational status, employment condition, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perception to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, view on the marriageable age, availabilities of marriage-related information offering policies, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by mother influenced normative marriage intention. Fourth, functional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, job, parents' support for marriage fund, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, functional marriage intention was influenced by values of offspring, perception about unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that individual awareness variables influenced on marriage intentions. Especially, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried, and attitudes toward multiple role planning influenced on emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions in common. Conclusions: The findings from these analyses suggest that the selective process based on the individual awareness has become very significant to having marriage intentions. Therefore, this study will contribute as the basic data on national marriage-related policies. Furthermore, this study will be able to use to think about the marriage intention as a task to be preceded by the national policy in order to prepare for Korea 's low fertility and aging phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.606-616
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• 2015

This study was conducted in order to identify factors affecting opinions on marriage of unmarried women in their 30's in Korea. Analysis of data on 529 unmarried women in their 30's, which were taken from the 2012 social survey, was analyzed. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, hierarchical logistic regression analysis as well as descriptive statistics by SPSS version 20.0. Results showed that age(Exp(b)=.90,p=.025), opinions on divorce(Exp(b)=3.81,p<.001) and remarriage(Exp(b)=3.09,p=.001), and value on marriage(Exp(b)=.80,p<.001) were independent predictors of opinions on marriage. Economic activity(Exp(b)=19.58,p=.003) was found to be an independent predictor of opinions on marriage for the 35-39 year old women differ from 30-34 year old women predictors. Findings of this study indicate a need for developing family and marriage value-centered education and the low-fertility policy for the 35-39year old actively working women considering factors affecting opinions on marriage.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate factors that influence health examination for unmarried women. Methods: A correlation study was carried out with 144 unmarried women with an age range of 35~49 years through selfadministered questionnaires. This questionnaire included Health Belief Model modifying factors (demographic.sociological, structural, and cues to action variables). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean age of participants was $37.2{\pm}2.67$ years. Rates for breast cancer, cervical cancer and comprehensive health examination were each 34.7%, 38.2% and 94%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, influencing factors on physical examination were age(OR=0.06, 95% CI: 0.02~0.26), personal medical insurance (OR=6.30, 95% CI: 1.60~24.82), housemate (OR=7.63, 95% CI: 2.58~22.52), exercise (OR=3.72, 95% CI: 1.37~10.12) in breast cancer examination, and age (OR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.02~0.34; OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01~0.85), personal medical insurance (OR=14.17, 95% CI: 2.94~68.23), sexual experiences (OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.28~8.91), drinking (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.14~7.49) in cervical cancer examination. Conclusion: The results emphasize the necessity of preparing nursing education and intervention in consideration of associated factors which influence on the health examination in unmarried women.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2000

This study puts an emphasis on the importance clothing and its reuse, dealing with the unmarried women workers who will be main domestic consumers. Questionnaire survey method was used in this research. The sample was taken from 546 unmarried women workers. The major findings are summarized as follows, it was found that Factor I was the cause of unplanned clothing management, Factor II was the cause of clothing modification and body type changes and Factors III was the cause of fashionmongering. Second, it was shown that as for experiences in hoarded clothing recycling disposition behavior subjective social strate had the high level, the group of sale and technical jobs / self-employed jobs had the higher level than the group of specialized skil / management jobs, the group in office-going and leaving clothing had the higher level than the group of people in separate uniform as working dress and the group of those experienced in environmental education had the high level.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2005

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between state anxiety and maternal fetal attachment of unmarried mothers in a welfare center. Methods: The subjects were 25 unmarried mothers in a welfare center. The data was collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were the modified Spielberger's state anxiety inventory and Cranley's Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. Data was analyzed descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, t-test and the pearson correlation coefficient with the SPSS computer program. Results: The age of the subjects ranged from 15 to 25, and their average age was 20.0. The mean score of state anxiety was 58.2. There was significant difference in the degree of maternal state anxiety between the group whose pregnancy was known by their family and the group whose pregnancy was hidden. The group whose pregnancy was known showed a low state anxiety score. There was a significant difference in the degree of maternal state anxiety by the gestational period. The group who were in the second and third gestational trimester showed lower state anxiety score than in the first trimester. The mean score of maternal-fetal attachment(MFA) was 64.9. There were significant differences in the degree of maternal fetal attachment, by an ultrasound scan experience. The most frequently practiced attachment item was "I think the fetus is able to feel(mean 3.8)". Unmarried mothers degree of state anxiety showed a negative correlation with the degree of maternal fetal attachment(r=-.25), but there was no significant difference between the two variables. Conclusions: The unmarried mothers made an effort in striving to reduce their high state anxiety and to enhance maternal fetal attachment. They also realize how to take care of their state anxiety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.467-474
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of unmarried women's self-efficacy and sex role stereotypes on sexual assertiveness. This study is a descriptive research study. The subjects of this study were unmarried women who had experience of dating. Data collection was conducted by online from July 17th to 19th, 2018. The final 190 subjects were the subject of the study and data analysis was performed using the SPSS 24.0 program. Pearson's correlation was used for correlations between variables, and multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect on sexual assertiveness. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the scores of the sexual assertiveness according to the age, having a boyfriend, number of intimate relationship, and sexual intercourse experience. There was a positive correlation between sexual assertiveness and self-efficacy, while there was a negative correlation between sexual assertiveness and sex role stereotypes. Factors influencing sexual assertiveness were sexual intercourse experience and sex role stereotypes, which accounted for 41.7%. This study was meaningful in that it analyzed the factors influencing sexual assertiveness among unmarried women who are not college students. In order to increase the sexual assertiveness of unmarried women, it is necessary to have a program that takes into account stereotypes of sex roles.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Folic acid supplementation before pregnancy is known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. The purposes of this study were to investigate the awareness, knowledge, and use of folic acid supplements along with their associated factors among non-pregnant Korean women of childbearing age. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From August 2012 to March 2013, 704 women aged 19-45 years completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding their awareness, knowledge, and use of folic acid as well as questions to identify risk of inadequate folate intake. RESULTS: Approximately 67% of women reported that they had heard of folic acid, and 23.7% had knowledge of both the role of folic acid in preventing birth defects and appropriate time for taking folic acid supplements to prevent birth defects. However, only 9.4% of women took folic acid supplements at the time of the survey. Women aged 19-24 years, unmarried women, and women who had never been pregnant were less likely to be aware and knowledgeable of folic acid or take folic acid supplements. In addition, women at high risk of inadequate folate intake were less likely to take folic acid supplements. In a multivariate analysis, women aged 19-24 years, women with a high school diploma or lower education level, and unmarried women were less likely to be aware and have knowledge of folic acid. The percentage of women taking folic acid supplements was significantly higher among knowledgeable women than among unknowledgeable women. CONCLUSIONS: These results support our hypothesis that women with knowledge of folic acid are more likely to take folic acid supplements. Therefore, educational programs or campaigns to improve knowledge regarding the importance of folic acid and to promote consumption of folic acid supplements as well as folate-rich foods are needed to target young, less educated, and unmarried women.