• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.79-92
• /
• 2011

Some terms related to "meaning" in semantics are reviewed, particularly those used in Lyons' famous semantics book Semantics 1 and Semantics 2 (Cambridge University Press, 1977). Since Lyons' book is so comprehensive that the semantic terms used in that book cover almost every important notions/terms used in contemporary semantics. With relevant interpretation of the terms, we suggest most appropriate Korean translations, trying to give different translations for different English terms. Terms covered include: 'signify, signification; reference/refer/referent, sense; denotation/denote, connotation/connote; extension, intension; implication/imply, implicature/implicate, entailment/entail; designate, demonstrate/demonstrative'.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.859-872
• /
• 2015

Pebble matrix filtration (PMF) is a water treatment technology that can remove suspended solids in highly turbid surface water during heavy storms. PMF typically uses sand and natural pebbles as filter media. Hand-made clay pebbles (balls) can be used as alternatives to natural pebbles in PMF treatment plants, where natural pebbles are not readily available. Since the high turbidity is a seasonal problem that occurs during heavy rains, the use of newly developed composite clay balls instead of pure clay balls have the advantage of removing other pollutants such as natural organic matter (NOM) during other times. Only the strength properties of composite clay balls are described here as the pollutant removal is beyond the scope of this paper. These new composite clay balls must be able to withstand dead and live loads under dry and saturated conditions in a filter assembly. Absence of a standard ball preparation process and expected strength properties of composite clay balls were the main reasons behind the present study. Five different raw materials from industry wastes: Red Mud (RM), Water Treatment Alum Sludge (S), Shredded Paper (SP), Saw Dust (SD), and Sugar Mulch (SM) were added to common clay brick mix (BM) in different proportions. In an effort to minimize costs, in this study clay balls were fired to $1100^{\circ}C$ at a local brick factory together with their bricks. A comprehensive experimental program was performed to evaluate crushing strength of composite hand-made clay balls, using uniaxial compression test to establish the best material combination on the basis of strength properties for designing sustainable filter media for water treatment plants. Performance at both construction and operating stages were considered by analyzing both strength properties under fully dry conditions and strength degradation after saturation in a water bath. The BM-75% as the main component produced optimum combination in terms of workability and strength. With the material combination of BM-75% and additives-25%, the use of Red Mud and water treatment sludge as additives produced the highest and lowest strength of composite clay balls, with a failure load of 5.4 kN and 1.4 kN respectively. However, this lower value of 1.4 kN is much higher than the effective load on each clay ball of 0.04 kN in a typical filter assembly (safety factor of 35), therefore, can still be used as a suitable filter material for enhanced pollutant removal.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.535-543
• /
• 2002

Although the generic implementation of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) processes for the recovery of biological products has been exploited for several years, this has not resulted in a wide adoption of the technique. The main reasons involve the poor understanding of the mechanism governing phase formation and the behavior of solute partitioning in ATPS processes, the cost of phase forming polymers, and the necessary extended time to optimize the technique. In this review paper, some of the practical disadvantages attributed to ATPS are addressed. The practical approach exploited to design ATPS processes, the application to achieve process integration, the extended use for the recovery of high-value products, and the recent development of new low-cost ATPS, are discussed. It is proposed that the trend of the practical application of ATPS processes for the recovery of biological products will involve the purification of new high-value bioparticulate products with medical applications. Such a trend will give new impetus to the technique, and will draw attention from industries needing to develop new, and improve existing, commercial processes.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1998

An artificially modulated magnetic Co/Pd multilayer is one of the promising candidates for high density magneto-optic (MO) recording media, due to large Kerr rotation angle in the wavelength of a blue laser beam. however, since multilayer structure, as well as amorphous structure, is a non-equilibrium state in terms of free energy and MO recording is a kind of thermal recording which is conducted aound Curie temperature (Tc) of the recording media, when the multilayer is used for the MO recording media, changes in the multilayer structure are occurred as the amorphous structure do. Therefore, the assessment of the structural stability in the Co/Pd multilayer is crucially important both for basic research and applications. As the parameter of the structural stability in this research, modulation amplitude and particle size of the Co/Pd multilayer are measured in terms of Ar sputtering pressure and heat treatment temperature. From the results of the research, we find out that the magnetic exchange energy in the structural changes of a magnetic multilayer structure and suggest the operating temperature range for MO recording in the Co/Pd multilayer for the basic research and applications, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.573-581
• /
• 2009

The complex enzyme pool secreted by the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum in response to glucose or hop cell wall material as sole carbon sources was analyzed. The biochemical characterization of the enzymes present in the supernatant of fungal cultures in the glucose medium revealed only 5 different glycosyl hydrolase activities; by contrast, when analyzing cultures in the cell wall medium, 17 different activities were detected. This dramatic increase reflects the adaptation of the fungus by the synthesis of enzymes targeting all layers of the cell wall. When the enzymes secreted in the presence of plant cell wall were used to hydrolyze pretreated crude plant material, high levels of monosaccharides were measured with yields approaching 50% of total sugars released by an acid hydrolysis process. This report is the first biochemical characterization of numerous cellulases, hemicellulases, and pectinases secreted by F. graminearum and demonstrates the usefulness of the described protein cocktail for efficient enzymatic degradation of plant cell wall.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2003

In conclusion, the seemingly fuzzy and disorganized data of biology with thousands of different layers ranging from molecule to the Internet have refused so far to be mapped precisely and predicted successfully by mathematicians, physicists or computer scientists. Genomics and bioinformatics are the fields that process such complex data. The insights on the nature of biological entities as complex interaction networks are opening a door toward a generalization of the representation of biological entities. The main challenge of genomics and bioinformatics now lies in 1) how to data mine the networks of the domains of bioinformatics, namely, the literature, metabolic pathways, and proteome and structures, in terms of interaction; and 2) how to generalize the networks in order to integrate the information into computable genomic data for computers regardless of the levels of layer. Once bioinformatists succeed to find a general principle on the way components interact each other to form any organic interaction network at genomic scale, true simulation and prediction of life in silico will be possible.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.111-126
• /
• 2004

Many countries in the North East Asia are competing with each other in order to become a centre of international logistics activities. The competition to become a hub port in Far East region is now fierce. The anticipated investments on improving port facilities and attracting the mega carriers are immense for all the ports in the region and the extent of the effort could cripple the local ports and region's economy given the limited financial resources. It is, however, impossible to avoid the disastrous possibility that the massive investments could be channeled into the port, which will never become a hub port, as no port is ready to currently admit defeat and settle as a small regional port. In an attempt to minimise such disastrous waste of resources, ports need to verify the eligibility of their own. This paper tests a system dynamics model using the Port of Busan to understand and illustrate the principle guideline of investment decision making for ports.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.27.2-27.2
• /
• 2011

Polymer electronics is the one of the most promising way to realize the flexible electronics and many studies made remarkable progress to achieve the improvement in performance of polymer electronics comparable to current silicon-based technology. PBTTT is conjugated semiconducting polymer with highly ordered, chain-extended crystalline microstructures and shows high field effect mobilities above 0.1 $cm^2/Vs$. We studied PBTTTs FETs phase and explored methods to control channel interface in various device structures. Especially, in PBTTTs' unique nano-ribbon phase, we could obtain high mobilities of up to 0.4 $cm^2/Vs$, which was not reached before. Alignment of PBTTTs film was carried out using zone casting and anisotropy of mobilities in parallel and perpendicular to the polymer chain direction was investigated. Optical anisotropy in aligned nano-ribbon PBTTT FETs was also studied using a polarized optical absorption.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2014

Cancer is unique amongst human diseases in that its cellular manifestations arise and evolve through the acquisition of somatic alterations in the genome. In particular, instability in the number and structure of chromosomes is a near-universal feature of the genomic alterations associated with epithelial cancers, and is triggered by the inactivation of tumour suppressor mechanisms that preserve chromosome integrity in normal cells. The nature of these mechanisms, and how their inactivation promotes carcinogenesis, remains enigmatic. I will review recent work from our laboratory on the tumour suppressor BRCA2 that addresses these issues, focusing on new insights into cancer pathogenesis and therapy that are emerging from improved understanding of the molecular basis of chromosomal instability in BRCA2-deficient cancer cells.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.4-8
• /
• 2002

The magnetoresistance (MR) and the magnetization reversal of a lateral spin-injection device based on a spin-polarized field effect transistor (spin FET) have been investigated. The device consists of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system in an InAs single quantum well (SQW) and two ferromagnetic $(Ni_{80}Fe_{20})$ contacts: all injector (source) and a detector (drain). Spin-polarized electrons are injected from the first contact and, after propagating through the InAs SQW are collected by the second contact. By engineering the shape of the permalloy contacts, we were able to observe distinct switching fields $(H_c)$ from the injector and the collector by using scanning Kerr microscopy and MR measurements. Magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) hysteresis loops demonstrate that there is a range of magnetic field (20~60 Oe), at room temperature, over which the magnetization in one contact is aligned antiparallel to that in the other. The MOKE results are consistent with the variation of the magnetoresistance in the spin-injection device.