• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.143-173
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• 2012

We investigated environmental problems related to clothing, and attempted their practical solutions using Future Problem Solving Program in order to cultivate the creative character in teenagers. We applied "teaching and learning plans" to seventy-seven the first graders of high school students in 2 classes in Gyeonggi-do, one hour per day for 3 weeks, from August 23 to September 8 2011. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS for Windows software(version 17.0). Mean differences in results between pretest and posttest were evaluated using Student's t-test. We selected 'production of fabrics, production of clothing, disposal and recycling of clothing and washing of clothing' as the learning theme in educational content factors of 'clothing culture in consideration of environment'. And we developed thirteenth teaching and learning plans and educational materials including 4 problems, 2 worksheets, 10 team worksheets, 7 video materials and 7 Power Point materials using Future Problem Solving Program(FPSP). The measurements of fluency, flexibility, originality and problem-solving ability are significantly improved. The level of creativity in the items of fluency, flexibility and originality, in particular, exhibited marked improvement, 'below-average' to 'above-average', regardless of academic records and gender. Problem-solving ability in female students was more effective than that of male, but it showed no significant correlation with academic records. The analysis of character-change showed the highest improvement in the awareness on the protection of environment, the character factor in the educational contents. Personalities, confidence, consideration and cooperation in learning method of FPSP also exhibited a significant improvement. But character-change did not correlate with academic records or gender. In the present study, we found that home economics has a positive effect on cultivating creative character. When we selectively and properly apply a course of creative problem-solving of FPSP and a course of creative output to students, we can increase their ability to solve problems, cultivate their creative character and further enhance their interest on home economics.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.225-239
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to develope and implement a teaching learning process plan applied with portfolio assessment for 'housing and residential environment' section of Technology Home Economics in a middle school. The teaching learning process plan consisting of 8-session lessons had been developed and implemented according to the ADDIE model mixed with 6 portfolio-development stages. In the development stage, 19 activity materials(5 reading texts, 6 individual and 2 group activity sheets, and 3 subject activity sheets) and 27 teaching learning materials(8 sets of pictures & photos and 19 moving pictures) were developed for the 8-session lessons. The plans applied to 2 classes 74 students in the third grade of K middle school in Gyeonggi-do during May 16th-17th of June, 2011. The results from survey and portfolio showed that the 8-session lessons had overall achieved the general goal of the teaching learning process plan applied with portfolio assessment, which was to stimulate students in the class through working with portfolio elements of activity materials. The students evaluated the whole process of 8 lessons were adequate and helpful. Students also reported they highly accomplished the goal of each lesson and actively participated in the lesson. The 3 subject activity sheets as well as other materials in the portfolio were excellently done with the average of over 90% points. These results supported that a teaching learning process plan applied with portfolio assessment was a combined lesson with evaluation and also an alternative to qualitative evaluation over the whole units. This plan might apply to other parts of housing as well as various other areas.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.161-177
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• 2020

This research aims to identify the relevance of 'Adolescence consumption' units to ESD(Education for Sustainable Development), and to analyze the unit's inquiry tendency through the Romey analysis method. The assessment criteria in association with ESD developed in the previous literature were summarized and established to set up an analysis framework consisted of 11 key points including environmental perspective (natural resources, climate change/disaster prevention and mitigation, and sustainable rural and urban systems), economic perspective (corporate sustainability, market economy, and poverty gap mitigation), and socio-cultural perspective (human rights/peace/human protection, cultural diversity and understanding, health/safety, civic engagement, and management of nation). With this framework, the learning contents of 'adolescence consumption life' unit in twelve middle school Home Economics textbooks were analyzed including the texts, images/illustrations/tables/graphs, and activities. The analysis revealed that the core elements of the 'market economy' and 'management of nation' from the economic perspective were presented in three different formats: texts, images/illustrations/tables/graphs, and activities. However, relatively insufficient contents were presented in terms of health/safety, civic engagement, sustainable rural and urban systems, and corporate sustainability, and thus, development of textbooks dealing with various ESD contents is neededrecommended. Additionally, most textbooks' texts and images/illustrations/tables/graphs tend to be authoritative, while activities and assignments exhibited an inquiry tendency. It is advisable to incorporate a wider variety of ESD-related content in Home Economics classes and creatively employ inquiry-based learning activities for the development of pro-sustainable-development consumption values and behavioral tendencies among young students.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.3
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• pp.78-98
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• 1997

Health education, as the most fundamental concept for national health promotion, alms for developing the self-care ability of the general public. High school days are regarded as the period when most important physical, mental and social developments occur, and most health-related behaviors are formed. School health education is one of the major learning resources influencing health potential in the home and community as well as for the individual student. High school health education in Korea has a fundamental systemic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects areas at school. In order to achieve the goal of school health education, it is essential to make a systematic assessment of the learner's concerns connected with his health and life, and the factors affecting them. So far, most of the research projects that had been carried out for improving high school health education were limited in their concerns to a particular aspect of health. Even though some had been done in view of comprehensive school health education, they failed to Include a health assessment of the learner. Therefore, in this study the high school students' concerns related to health and life were investigated in the first place on the basis of the PRECEDE model, developed by Green and others for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research on high school health education. This study was done in two steps : one was the basic study for developing research instrument and the other was the main one. The former was conducted at five high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for 2 months-beginning in March, 1996. The students were asked to respond to questions related to their health and lives in unstructured open-ended question forms. On the basis of analysis of the basic study, the diagnostic instruments for the quality of life, health problems, health behavior and educational factors were constructed to be used for the collection of data for main study. An expert panel and the pilot study were used to improve content validity and reliability of the instruments. The reliability of the instruments was measured at between .7697 and .9611 by the Cronbach $\alpha$. The data for this study were collected from the sample consisted of the junior and senior classes of twenty general and vocational high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for two months period beginning in July, 1996. In analyzing the data, both t-test and $X^2$-test were done by using SAS-$PC^+$ Program to compare data between the sexes of the high school students and the types of high school. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationships among the diagnostic variables, and a multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted by using LISREL 8.03 to ascertain the influences of variables on the high school students' health and quality of life. The results were as follows : 1) The findings of the hypothesis tests (1) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and behavioral, epidemiological, social diagnosis variables was .7221, which was significant at the level of p<.001. (2) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and the behavior variables was .6851, which also was significant (p<.001). (3) The canonical correlation between the behavioral diagnosis variables and the epidemiological variables was 4295, which was significant (p<.001). (4) The canonical correlation between the epidemiological diagnosis variables and the social variables was .6005, which was also significant (p<.001). Therefore, the relationship between each diagnosis variable suggested by the PRECEDE model had been experimentally proven to be valid, supporting the conceptual framework of the study as appropriate for assessing the multi-dimensional factors affecting high school students' health and quality of life. Health behavior self-efficacy, the level of parents' interest and knowledge of health, and the level of the perception of school health education, all of which are the educational diagnostic variables, are the most influential variables in students' health and quality of life. In particular, health behavior self-efficacy, a causative factor, was one of the main influential variables in their health and quality of life. Other diagnostic variables suggested in the steps of the PRECEDE model were found to have reciprocal relations rather than a unidirectional causative relationship. The significance of this research is that it has diagnosed the needs of high school health education by the learner-centered assessment of variety of factors related to the health and the life of the students. This research findings suggest an integrated system of school health education to be contrived to enhance the effectiveness of the education by strengthening the influential factors such as self-efficacy to improve the health and quality of the lives of high school students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine if Mehrabian's eating-related characteristics questionnaire could be effectively applied in predicting obesity and eating disorders among Korean college students by examining the correlations between eating-related characteristics and anthropometry, nutrient intakes, psychological aspects of depression, and personality dimensions. The data were collected from 151 female students in classes of nutrition or psychology in Kyungnam University. Measurements of height, weight and triceps skinfold thickness (TSf) were made by well-trained interviewers, and BMI was calculated. Daily nutrient intakes were obtained from the self-reported three-day dietary records for the kinds and the amounts of foods consumed by the student subjects. The students were also asked to complete three questionnaires : Mehrabian's eating-related characteristics questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Berk Depression Inventory. The results of the study were as follows : 1) Reliability of factored homogeneous item dimensions (FHIDS) of the translated version of the eating-related characteristics questionnaire showed a similar profile compared with the original. Moreover, the loading values of Cronbach-$\alpha$ for some FHIDs, which were excluded in order to constitute primary-level factors (for example, 'predisposition to obesity' etc) with a high reliability, were much lower than Mehrabian's. Therefore the eating-related characteristics questionnaire could be effectively used for Korean students for predicting predisposition to obesity and eating disorders. 2) With regard to the relationship between anthropometric indices and eating-related characteristics, BMI measurements showed a high and a positive correlation with 'predisposition to obesity' and 'uncontrollable urges to eat', and a negative correlation with a 'predisposition to anorexia'. The heavier body weight and the more fat mass that the subjects had, the higher the probability that the subjects were overeating. 3) The intakes of some minerals (Fe, K, Na) and Vitamin C showed significantly negative correlations with a 'predisposition to obesity' and a 'predisposition to anorexia'. But the intakes of vitamin B$_2$, niacin, and retinol were positively correlated with'uncontrollable urges to eat'. 4) Among personality dimensions, neuroticism had a positive correlation with a 'predisposition to obesity', 'uncontrollable urges to eat', and 'predisposition to anorexia'. 5) Neuroticism was negatively correlated with intakes of calories, carbohydrates, K, Fe, Vitamin C, etc. On the contrary, all personality dimensions were positively correlated with intakes of retinol. In conclusion, the translated version of Mehrabian's eating-related characteristics questionnaire appears to be effective for nutritional or psychological assessments of any predisposition to eating disorders among Korean college students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1973

Deciduous trees grown naturally in the forest of Korea usually have an irregular Lee-form and their utility has been decreased. In Korea, most of the deciduous stands are distributed in the hinterland. A shortage of the total growing stock made utilization of them necessary in this country even though some difficulties to be cutted and transported are accompanied. Therefore, this study was conducted to select the suitable sampling method for surveying them. The results investigated are as follows. 1. Three locations being 10 hectares in each location for the plots were chosen and surveyed with six $20m{\times}50m$ rectangular sample plots by four types of sampling method below. And the result is shown in Table 1. A. Random sampling by grids B. Random sampling by co-ordinates C. Systematic line plot. D. Sub-sampling 2. One hundred and fifty hectares from all plots were sectioned through the application of aerial photography scaled of 1 : 15,000. The author divided forest types according to diameter class and crown density with mirror stereoscope. The forest types were divided into three classes. Seven sample plots from the area of 150 hectars are systematically arranged and the results investigated on the circular sample point of 0.1 hectare are shown in Table 4. 3. There were no significant differences between results by sampling method and by diameter measurement method (population mean) as shown in Table 3. 4. Random sampling by grid and systematic line plot are better than others. 5. There are more over-estimated values when the circular sample point is used than where the rectangular sample point. 6. As forest stands are irregular, smaller number of sample points will make many errors.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.227-255
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• 2020

This paper aims to explore the nature of the making of speaking subject in early Korean Protestantism, focusing on the educational spaces for women. Traditional women could become a speaking subject through various educational programs provided by Protestantism in modern Korea. Especially three kinds of educational space played the crucial role of making women a speaking subject. The first was Bible class established for women in rural areas. Since most Korean women were unable to read and write, Protestant churches taught them Hangul[Korean alphabet] before teaching the Bible. Korean women studied the Bible in Bible class, Women's Bible School, and Women's High Bible School. Through this education, traditional women were liberated from the world of ignorance and obedience, and then become a speaking subject. The second was speeches and discussions that have emerged in institutional spaces such as mission schools for girls and women's organizations. Students at mission school were able to learn how to express their opinions by way of public speaking and discussion classes. Women were able to become speaking subjects in the process of learning such techniques of modern language. At that time, representative discussion spaces were Lee Mun-hoe, Joyce Chapter, and YWCA. The third was testimony and dialect. Unlike sermons and public prayers, which were only allowed to male elites, testimony and dialectics are a form of speech that transcends gender or status constraints. Especially in the space of the revival movement, women confirmed their dignity through active testimony, and their religious identity was strengthened in the process. Dialect also served as the language of liberation for women suffered and alienated from male-dominant culture. Dialect is a device that exercises the right to speak against transcendental authority. Furthermore, in Protestantism of early modern Korea, the speaking subject's act of speech was elevated beyond personal matters to social issues, women's issues, and ethnic issues.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2001

Five kinds of neurosecretory cells (type-A, B, C, D and E) and neuropiles surrounding them were observed in the visceral ganglion and the right parietal ganglion of the African giant snail, Achatina fulica, by transmission electron microscopy. Type-A cells (diameter, $35{\mu}m$) are the most popular cells in the cortex of the two ganglions, which are of triangular or irregular forms. In their cytoplasm, there are found large granules of 1 fm in diameters and small round granules of about $0.1{\mu}m$ in diameters. Small granules are classified into the ones of high electron density and the others of middle electron density. Type-B cells (diameter, $19\times12{\mu}m$) are evenly distributed over various portions of cortex and medulla of the two ganglions. They are similar to type-A cells in shapes. The cytoplasm of type-B cells is crowded with high electron dense granules of about $0.1{\mu}m$. Round granules of about $0.7{\mu}m$ in diameters are also found but rarely. Type-C cells are the smallest cells whose sizes are about $8\times6{\mu}m$. Each of them contains a large nucleus of about $6\times5{\mu}m$. Its cytoplasm is full of electron dense granules of about $0.23{\mu}m$, each of which is artually an assembly of tiny granules of about $0.03{\mu}m$. Type-D cells are middle-size cells of about $28\times20{\mu}m$, which take ellipsoidal or irregular forms. They are found in the cortex more than in the medulla. Their cytoplasm looks dark due to the high electron density and, in it, two kinds of round granules whose sizes are $1.6{\mu}m$fm and $0.6{\mu}m$, respectively, are observed. Type-E cells are large cells of about $100\times50{\mu}m$, which are rarely found in the upper and middle portions of the two ganglions. The nucleus of the cell, which is very large $(70\times30{\mu}m)$ for the cytoplasm, contains electron dense round granules of diverse sizes (diameters, $1\sim0.2{\mu}m$). The surface of the cell protrudes filopodia of various forms and phagocytizes decrepit cells. Neuropiles are surrounding the neurosecretory cells. In nerve fibers, synaptic vesicles are observed, which are classified into six classes according to their electron densities , sizes and shapes.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2014

There are no population ecological research on the natural monument (No. 191) Jeju Cymbidium kanran in South Korea. In this study, we analyzed the population structure and fine-scale habitat affinity of C. kanran in Sanghyo-dong, Jejudo Island from Oct. 2013 to Feb. 2014. We observed total of 1,237 individuals (4,341 pseudobulbs) of C. kanran (989.6 population $ha^{-1}$) within (1.25 ha) and only 17 (1.4%) individuals were inflorescent. In 60.9% of the entire populations, disease symptoms such as spots and blight leaves were observed. C. kanran populaton exhibited reverse-J shaped size distribution based on leaf area classes as individual size parameter. The three size related attributes of C. kanran (no. of pseudobulb $r_s$=-0.159, no. of leaves $r_s$=-0.148 and leaf arera $r_s$=-0.114) and soil temperature revealed a negative relationship (p<0.0001). Most of C. kanran (95.4%) were grown under Castamopsis cuspidata and spatially, C. kanran were strongly clumped at all distances. Population characteristics of C. kanran in the study area were likely originated from species habitat affinity and successional environment. Through this study, base line data for C. kanran's habitat monitoring was established and conservation measures based on population characteristics were discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1450-1470
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop elementary science programs that used multi-level instruction and to analyze verbal interaction patterns in science classes that applied these programs. For this study, the 27 children from the fifth grade at B elementary school, located in Gyeonggi-do, were selected and separated into heterogeneous groups of four students. Verbal interactions occuring in two groups during each class were recorded using video. Elementary science programs using multi-level instruction were developed to target a fifth grade second semester 'Lesson 1. Human Body'. This program provided a mission form for each group and evaluation form for each child. A mission form depending on the children's level has different colors and levels of difficulty for questions. The evaluation form is composed of questions suitable for a child's level in reaching the goal with key concepts. The verbal interaction was mostly categorized into the cognitive domain and the affective domain for analysis. The cognitive domain was subdivided into question, response, making solution, receiving opinion, and the affective domain was divided into behavioral participation and students' attitude. Results of study showed that the frequency of the cognitive domain was higher than the frequency of the affective domain. In the cognitive domain, the median-level was of highest frequency in the children. In the affective domain, high-level was of highest frequency in the children. In terms of both the cognitive and affective domains of children, low-level exhibited the lowest frequency. Verbal interaction frequency was no difference between high-level and median level in cognitive and affective aspects, so median-level children were actively participating in activities similarly with high-level children. There were more types of interactions question, response, making solution, students' attitude in the median-low level children's verbal interaction than high-median level children's verbal interaction.