• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.701-710
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• 2022

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, various methods have been developed for recognizing objects in images using machine learning. Image segmentation is the most effective among these methods for recognizing objects within an image. Conventionally, image datasets of various classes are trained simultaneously. In situations where several classes require segmentation, all datasets have to be trained thoroughly. Such repeated training results in low training efficiency because most of the classes have already been trained. In addition, the number of classes that appear in the datasets affects training. Some classes appear in datasets in remarkably smaller numbers than others, and hence, the training errors will not be properly reflected when all the classes are trained simultaneously. Therefore, a new method that separates some classes from the dataset is proposed to improve efficiency during training. In addition, the accuracies of the conventional and proposed methods are compared.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.304-315
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• 2022

The effect on learning satisfaction was compared and analyzed according to the interaction of learners in non-face-to-face classes. 38 students enrolled in the Department of Chemistry Education at G University in Gyeongnam were selected for the study. As a result of analyzing the change in learning satisfaction according to learners' interactions, positive correlations between them were shown in non-face-to-face classes. The type of classes mainly consisted of non-face-to-face real-time classes, and despite the non-face-to-face classes environment, learners focused on classes and put a lot of effort to strengthen learning. Among learners' interactions, the effect of learner-content interaction on learning satisfaction was relatively the highest, while the effect of learner-learner interaction and learner-instructor interaction on learning satisfaction was low. It was found that learners' teaching-learning in non-face-to-face classes relied heavily on learning content, and interactions with fellow learners and instructors were very limited.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1492-1507
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze elementary students' perception on science classes using abductive strategies. The participants were composed of 21 students(10 boys, 11 girls) from K Elementary School in Busan Metropolitan City. They were asked for questionnaires developed by researchers after 20 times of reframed science lessons using abductive strategies. The results were as follows. First, the science classes using abductive strategies were effective to improve students' interest(ave.=4.19) on science. Second, the analysis results on questionnaires asking utility of the classes showed the students' positive reactions to science lessons using abductive strategies. It was thought that the classes had a positive effect on all components of utility, i.e., overall science(4.48), generating hypothesis(4.19), conceptual understanding(4.19), and meta-cognition(3.76). Third, students perceived positively improvement on the science classes. The components of improvement, i.e., creativity(4.19), concentration(4.29), transfer(3.76), comprehension(4.29) were perceived positively by students. Fourth, students' satisfaction on the sciences classes showed ave.=3.71. Last, students expressed satisfaction on the science classes using abductive strategies and experienced a change of thinking about attitude toward science.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.647-662
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• 2016

In this paper, we study Lipschitz continuous, the boundedness and compactness of the composition operator $C_{\phi}$ acting between the general hyperbolic Bloch type-classes ${\mathcal{B}}^{\ast}_{p,{\log},{\alpha}}$ and general hyperbolic Besov-type classes $F^{\ast}_{p,{\log}}(p,q,s)$. Moreover, these classes are shown to be complete metric spaces with respect to the corresponding metrics.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.310-320
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• 2022

이 연구는 유치 치아형태학 실습을 통해 비대면 수업의 학습 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 유치 치아형태학이라는 과목명으로 60명의 본과 1학년 학생들은 대면으로 실습수업을 받고 55명의 예과 2학년 학생들은 비대면으로 실습수업을 받았다. 5주간의 실습수업 후 학생들은 실습 과제를 제출했다. 비대면 수업의 학습 효과를 평가하기 위해 1명의 평가자가 실습 과제를 채점했고 Mann-Whitney U 검정 및 chi-square 검정을 사용하여 대면 수업과 비교하였다. 연구 결과 대면 수업에서 실습 점수는 77.43 ± 5.97였고 비대면 수업에서 실습 점수는 76.04 ± 5.83이었다. 유치 치아형태학 실습에서 대면 수업과 비교하여 비대면 수업의 유의미한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p > 0.05). 이번 연구로 치아형태학 같은 비교적 실습 도구가 간단한 수업에서 비대면 수업이 대면 수업의 대안으로 사용 가능하다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.522-532
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to do a survey on teachers' perception and operational state for elementary science online remote classes and suggest ways to improve the elementary science online remote classes. The survey was based on responses from 100 teachers who have taught elementary science online remote classes for the first semester of 2020 for COVID-19. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of four parts: general informations of participants, the operation status of elementary science online remote classes, teachers' perceptions on the operation of elementary science online remote classes, ways to improve elementary science online remote classes. As a result of this study, elementary teachers taught elementary science online remote classes on the main use of content utilization type. And they had a difficulty in conducting elementary science online remote classes because of lack of contents, absence of elementary science online remote classes teaching methods, learner management and heavy workload. Therefore, to improve elementary science online remote classes the Ministry of Education and regional offices of education have to develop and provide high-quality contents reflect the characteristics of elementary science subjects, introduce a rent-an-experiment equipment system, and build a science class platform providing frequent real-time interaction between teacher and student.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.581-592
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• 2013

Various data and methods are necessary to help students understand the science subject, and have interest in it. Most students like cartoons, and more easily memorize their contents. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of science cartoon reading on the academic achiements, the levels of interests in science and scientific attitudes of elementary students The study subjects were four classes of the 6th grade of G elementary school in U city. Two classes were experimental group and the others were comparison group. The students of the experimental classes were encouraged to read science cartoon related to class contents at the beginning and ending for 5 minutes respectively in instructional time. And those of the comparison classes received general science lesson. The results of this study were as follows. First, the experimental classes encouraged to read science cartoon marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test and the difference was meaningful (p<.05). This meant science cartoon reading treatment had the effect of improvement of the levels of interest in science of student. Second, the experimental classes marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test but didn't show meaningful difference. This meant science cartoon reading treatment didn't have the effect of improvement of academic achievement of students in our study. Third, the experimental classes marked higher average score than comparison classes in post-test and showed the meaningful difference(p<.05). This meant science cartoon reading treatment had the effect of improvement of scientific attitudes of students. From the results thus far, we could tell that science cartoon reading had positive effects on the levels of interest in science and scientific attitudes of students in our study.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2004

This paper presents a typographical analyses and classes. Typographical analysis is an indispensable tool for machine-printed character recognition in English. This analysis is a preliminary step for character segmentation in OCR. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, word typographical classes from words are defined by the word typographical analysis. In the second part, character typographical classes from connected components are defined by the character typographical analysis. The character typographical classes are used in the character segmentation.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.338-352
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• 2020

This study analyzed and compared the characteristics in plan and practice of elementary school teachers' science-gifted classes and invention-gifted classes based on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). To do this, we selected eight elementary school teachers with experience in conducting elementary science-gifted classes and/or invention-gifted classes were selected at the gifted education institutes in Seoul and conducted individual in-depth interviews. The analysis of the results reveal that the teachers tended to organize the science-gifted classes with a focus on the exploration of causes and application activities for scientific phenomena, but tended to organize the invention-gifted classes with a focus on producing creative output based on methodology. They were all emphasizing the enhancement of creativity in planning and practicing both science-gifted classes and invention-gifted classes. However, there were also some differences in the elements of creativity required by each class. They tended to select subjects for science-gifted classes based on regular science curriculum, while selecting subjects for invention-gifted classes focused on creative design rather than considering the practical art curriculum related to invention-gifted education. They tended to pursue and practice STEAM education in both science-gifted classes and invention-gifted classes. In a way that conforms to these class goals and points, they were using experiments and practices, providing feedback to students, and conducting evaluations. However, some shortcomings were also revealed in the processes. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2020

Assume that K is a number field and K_ur is the maximal unramified extension of it. When Gal(K_ur/K) is an infinite group. It is known that Gal(K_ur/K) is generated by finitely many Frobenius classes of Gal(K_ur/K) by Y. Ihara. In this paper, we will give the explicit number of Frobenius classes which generate whole group Gal(K_ur/K).