• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2018

In Korea, there is a need for safe and convenient elderly housing so that older people can enjoy a good quality of life and perform various daily activities while they maintain their health and well-being. Thus, this study is to suggest community -based housing settings for the elderly. We analyzed living space characteristics of the Continuing Care Retirement Communty(CCRC) in the U.S. In particular, we focused on CCRCs in the Oregon area and examined two types of settings: 1) a tower setting and 2) a town setting. The CCRC living arrangements include independent living, assisted living, nursing care, and memory care. We visited six CCRCs in Oregon during January through May in 2015. The field observations and floor plan surveys were conducted for data collection. The data analysis revealed that there are two types of arrangements: the suburban type and the urban type. Element analysis of the living unit designs for each CCRC type demonstrated typical space configurations. It was found that home care services were provided from local communities. It is suggested that community-based housing for the elderly should include mixed housing types so that community facilities can be shared. Medical services in the community were offered through healthcare institutions, disease prevention centers, welfare centers, and sports facilities. In order to apply these community-based care systems to elderly Korean housing, it is important to develop a community based on independent homes that share services and welfare facilities.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2009

High-rise and high-density apartment complexes have been built and supplied on a large scale in the 1st period New Town of metropolitan areas since the late 1980s. Recently it has become necessary to improve those apartment complexes which have blight problems for aging more than about 20 years accompanying simultaneity and a large scale. The purpose of this study is to analyze actual conditions of high-rise and high-density apartments in a view of sustainable regeneration. The contents and methods of this study are as follows. First, the concept of high-rise and high-density in domestic apartment developments were identified through review of literature and the law. Second, development conditions of Bundang new town and 1st period new town were studied. Third, the evelopment conditions of high-rise and high-density apartments in cases of 6 apartment complexes were analyzed from points of view of sustainable development by literature review and a field study. The results of this study are as follows. First, high-density range in domestic apartments can be conceptualized as 600 persons/ha. High-rise range in domestic apartments can be onceptualized as more than 11 stories under 30 stories. Second, characteristics and subjects based on actual conditions analysis could suggest on physio-environmental aspect and socio-economic aspect. Major characteristics and subjects of the physio-environmental aspect were 1.satisfaction of convenient facilities and public transportation service, 2.shortage of parking space, 3.uniform & blight of community facilities, 4.uniformed building layout, and 5.uniform pattern of unit plan and low flexibility by the bearing wall structure. And those of the socio-economical aspect were 1.satisfaction of current community, 2.increase and diversity of needs of the elderly by socio-demography change, 3.improvement of size and method of apartment complex development and 4.raising of economic-sufficiency.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2002

The office is an excellent candidate for implementing daylighting techniques because of the relatively high electric lighting power densities and long daytime use pattern. The quantity of light available for a space can be translated in term of the amount of energy savings through a process of a building energy simulation. To get significant energy savings in general illumination, the electric lighting system must be incorporated with a daylight - activated dimmer control. A prototype configuration of an office interior has been established and the integration between the building envelope and lighting and HVAC systems is evaluated based on computer modeling of a lighting control facility. First of all, an energy-efficient luminaire system is designed for both a totally open-plan office interior and a partitioned office. A lighting design and analysis program, Lumen-Micro 2000 predicts the optimal layout of a conventional fluorescent lighting fixture to meet the designed lighting level and calculates unit power density, which translates the demanded amount of electric lighting energy. A dimming control system integrated with the contribution of daylighting has been applied to the operating of the artificial lighting. Annual cooling load due to lighting and the projecting saving amount of cooling load due to daylighting under overcast diffuse sky are evaluated by a computer software, ENER-Win. In brief, the results from building energy simulation with measured daylight illumination levels and the performance of lighting control system indicate that daylighting can save over 70 percent of the required energy for general illumination in the perimeter zones through the year. A 25 % of electric energy for cooling may be saved by dimming and turning off the luminaires in the perimeter zones.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2019

Since 'Hanok Expanse Support' has been started in Seoul, its target was expanded from renovation to new construction and from 'Hanok District' to all area in Seoul. The newly built hanok with Hanok Expanse Support had to follow the standards about the form of the hanok and adapt to modern lifestyle. However, the newly built hanok were planned with 'kan' since it retained the traditional wooden structure. So their composition of kan were considered to be influenced by the standards of each district and modern lifestyle. Therefore the aim of this study is to understand the architectural characteristics of newly built hanok in Seoul since 2000 focusing on the kan composition. Because of the differences in site conditions and the district unit plan, newly built hanok in Hanok District have more limited changes than Other District. However, kan is composed variously in horizontal and vertical ways to make the most space according to site conditions and most of the newly built hanok have opened courtyard rather than closed courtyard layout. With kan composition in various directions and kan added under the eaves, kan is highlighted in form. On the other hand, the composition of kan as an interior spatial element has changed and weakened because the lifestyle has changed compared to the traditional hanok and the 20th century urban hanok. Also the regular kan composition of Mom-chae and Nalgae-chae has changed. And kan is divided regardless to the wooden structure. Also, with the added kan under the eaves the main kan is dismantled inside. This paper indicates that although there is an undeniable premise that the case is restricted to hanok received Hanok Expanse Support on the condition of following the standards of the form of hanok, it is a part of the transitional changes that hanok is experiencing.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

It is important to design windows in a reasonable way considering the performance characteristics of the elements of the window rather than just to increase the thermal energy performance of the window. In this study, the Heat-transfer Coefficient as insulation performance of the windows and together with the grade of the glass's SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) were analyzed to relate to the energy efficiency performance of the building by azimuth angle. Based on this basic study, the Heat-transfer Coefficient of windows and the SHGC rating of glass were applied to the unit plan of apartment building, and the Heating and Cooling Demand were analyzed by azimuth angle. Apartment plan types were divided into 2 types of Non-extension and extension of balcony. The designPH analysis data derived from the variant of the Heat-transfer Coefficient and SHGC, were put into PHPP(Passive House Planning Package) to analyze precisely the energy efficiency(Heating and Cooling Demands) of the building by azimuth angle. In addition, assuming the 'ㅁ' shape layout, energy efficiency performance and potential of PV Panel installation also were analyzed by floors and azimuth angle, reflecting the shading effects by surrounding buildings. As the results of the study, the effect of Heat Gain by SHGC was greater than Heat Loss due to the Heat-transfer Coefficient. So it is more effective to increase SHGC to satisfy the same Heating Demand, and increasing SHGC made possible to design windows with low Heat-transfer Coefficient. It was also revealed that the difference in annual Heating and Cooling Demands between the low, mid and high floor households is significantly high. In addition to it, the installation of PV Panel in the form of a shading canopy over the window reduces the Cooling Load while at the same time producing electricity, and also confirmed that absolute thermal energy efficiency could not be maximized without controlling the thermal bridge and ventilation problems as important heat loss factors.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.80-109
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• 2020

신라사천왕사는 670년 '조창(祖創)'된 이후 '개창(攺刱)'을 거쳐 679년에 낙성된 밀교사원이다. 본 연구는 근년의 발굴조사 성과와 사원건립과정 및 조영척도에 관한 고찰 결과를 바탕으로, 사천왕사건축의 설계기술 해명을 시도한 것이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 부지 조성에 있어서는, 낭산 남록 상에 1방(坊)의 크기를 상정, 그 남북 폭을 3등분한 후, 그 중 2구획분을 평탄부로 설정했을 가능성이 있다. (2) '조창'에 있어서는, 평탄면 남단을 경계로 하여 300척(尺)평방의 규모를 상정, 그 중심에 '선축기단'을 축조했던 것으로 추정되는데, 초기구상으로써 문두루(신인(神印))의 장치를 목적으로 한, 외원 2주(肘)(3척(尺)), 내원 1주(肘)(1.5척(尺))의 단(壇) 평면 의장을 자체 고안, 그것의 100배를 중심곽 규모 및 배치 계획에 있어서의 근거로 설정해 두었을 가능성이 있다.(3) '개창'에 있어서는, '선축기단'의 중심을 금당 중심으로 고수할 경우 발생되는 목탑·금당간거리 협소 문제를 인지, 초기구상으로부터 중심곽 규모 및 배치를 조정했던 것으로 판단된다. (4) 당탑 및 단석의 배치는, 확정된 중심곽 규모(280척(尺)×320척(尺))를 대상으로 한 분할에 기초해 결정되었는데, 동서방향에 있어서는 중심곽 동서 폭을 4등분하는 선상으로 정한 반면, 남북방향에 있어서는 중심곽 짜임새상의 특성에 입각, 동서회랑의 도리칸 분할과 조정을 통해 익랑 위치를 확정한 후, 이를 기준해 금당·단석을 배치했다고 추정된다. (5) 당탑 및 단석 등의 규모는 각 건물의 정면 기단 폭에 의해 제어되었던 것으로 인정된다. 특히 금당·목탑의 규모는 중심곽 동서 폭의 4등분으로부터 시작되는 단위분수적 분할의 반복을 통해 결정된 것으로 판단되는데, 이는 단의 평면의장을 전형으로 한 자기유사성에 연원을 둔 것으로 이해된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.238-259
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• 2021

감은사는 문무왕대에 시창하여 신문왕 2년(682)에 완공된 신라중대의 불교사원이다. 본 연구는, 기존의 감은사지 발굴조사 성과를 기초로 하고, 역사학 분야 등에서의 문헌연구 성과를 참고로 하여, 신라감은사건축의 조영계획 양상 및 특질, 그리고 그것과 당시의 정치·사회적, 종교적 환경 간의 관계에 대한 구명을 시도한 것이다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 감은사 중심곽 내 당탑 및 회랑, 중문과 강당 등 모든 건축물은, 기단부를 기준하여, 방(方)216척(尺)(고구려척, 추정단 위치수 353.30mm)의 윤곽에 남거나 부족함 없이 정확하게 들어가는 것으로 확인된다. 이러한 사실은, '만파식적설화'와 유교예악사상과의 관계, '이견대'의 명칭과 『주역』과의 관계, '감은사지출토 태극무늬장대석'과 『주역』과의 관계 등으로부터 확인되는, 동해구 유적(대왕암·이견대·감은사)에 서린 신라중대왕실의 '유교정치이념의 표방' 의지에 비추어 볼 때 매우 유의미한 것으로 판단되며, 감은사가람의 설계초기단계에 있어서, 잠재하는 규모계획의 기준으로부터 이차적 조정으로서, 『주역』 계사상의 '건지책 216'으로부터 수를 취해 가람중심곽규모의 결정기준으로 삼은 결과로 추정된다. 감은사 당탑 등의 배치계획은, 방(方)216척(尺)의 윤곽 내, 가장자리로부터 중심부로, 즉 가람중축선상 중문·강당의 배치 및 금당 남북위치의 결정, (중문·강당·금당 측면에 각각) 남회랑·강당동서편건물·익랑 배치, 동서회랑의 배치, 동서 석탑 중심위치 결정의 순으로 진행되었을 것으로 추찰된다. (2) 감은사건축에 있어서의 유불공존적 양상은, 『금광명경(金光明經)』에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 한 것이며, 왕의 화신인 용이 용혈(龍穴)을 통해 금당기단 내에 들어 선요(旋繞) 즉, 공경·숭봉(崇奉)을 행함으로써 "음양조화시부월서(陰陽調和時不越序) 일월성숙부실상도(日月星宿不失常度) 풍우수시무제재횡(風雨隨時無諸災横)" 등의 무량공덕이 얻어지기를, 그리고 일월에 비유되는 부처의 광명이, 새로이 유교를 정치이념으로 삼아 운영해 나갈 국가, 신라의 사방 천하(천(天)=건(乾), 건지책 216척(尺) 규모의 가람중심곽)에 길이 두루 비춰지기를 염원한 문무왕의 뜻에서 비롯된 것으로 추찰된다. 그리고 그 구상 및 실현에 있어서는 유불습합적 사상 경향을 가졌던, 그리고 문무왕이 유언으로서 국사로 삼기를 당부했고 신문왕 즉위 후 국로로 임명되었던, 경흥(憬興)이 깊이 관여했을 것으로 추측된다.