• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7617-7628
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• 2015

Recent changes in the industrial parks have become a major issue in the nation's economic aspect. However, the industrial park's structure-advance projects under regional changes have excluded the surrounding spaces. The purpose of study is to analyze physical characteristics of Industrial park and adjacent area and to propose practical urban linkage alternatives as place-making It was found that in an urban aspect, the industrial parks belong within the city, but look like an isolated island that doesn't belong to a city. Therefore, as a way that could improve the problems above, and prevent the formation of heterogeneous spaces, the deliberate management of Industrial park's structure-advancement projects is needed. As one of these measures, It is concluded that the review of designating industrial facility zones which is a district unit plan and managing the detailed elements of construction to the various elements of the district level are needed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

Nowadays, a 1-2 person household if increasing due to the aging population and the low birth rate. Thus, in August 2011, Seoul held the 'College Student's Idea Competition', which dealt with small but strong housing that has a very reasonable structure in spite of its small scale in order to improve the quality of small housing for a 1-2 person households. The study indicates the characteristic of this small housing in order to target competition entries from college students; 93- works have been processed. First, the properties of residents are investigated through the number of household members and the relations of the residents. To ensure various element techniques of the entries, the study analyzes data via a structured analysis. Along with structured element techniques according to each level, eight element techniques of the furniture level, housing unit level, main building, and district-level are derived. This study suggests various element techniques in response to the efficiency of area in households as well as housing unit levels. Plans of public spaces and community life housing are offered at the level of the main building and at the district-level. Through an analysis of competition, the critical point of small house planning in deliberation is not only about space and economic efficiency of physical unit, but the life of the residents.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.1 no.3 s.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2000

In scheduling multi-unit projects, several alternatives can exist in network construction due to repetitiveness of their activities. Project duration is affected not only by the duration of each activity but also by the arrangement of repeating activities in such projects. This paper provides a network compression method that assigns predecessors to each activity to minimize its float time. Different to the previous efforts that utilized line of balance as the base scheduling-model, this research adopts precedence diagram arranged in two coordinates, the space axis and the resource one. This method seeks the most appropriate predecessors for each activity in each direction of the two coordinates for the purpose of minimizing the idle resource and space. This activity arrangement method was applied to a multi-unit apartment-construction project, to prove its capability of network compression. The result shows that the method successfully sought room for saving construction duration by changing the activity arrangement. The network compression method presented in this research can be utilized in multi-unit construction projects such as apartment complex projects.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.22-32
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• 2013

The quality of apartment houses has been gradually upgraded. However the changes in demographic composition of residents such as seniors, disabled persons, and etc. have not been considered in the process of planning. If apartment houses are designed on the base of the concept of universal design, their residents could live as long as they want to live in. This study evaluates the Korean standard-sized apartment housing units and the common spaces of those apartment buildings, and it's outdoor environments from the perspective of universal design. The observation and measuring was conducted with the questionnaire survey with 100 residents living in those housing units. 60 items were designed for evaluating them in relation to the principles of universal design. The results are as follows : 1) In general, the principles of universal design were relatively applied to the apartment houses. However their application needs to be broadened. 2) The number of parking lots needs to be increased and the width of individual parking lot to be increased. Also, the location of gazebo and senior center needs to be placed in easily accessible areas. 3) The shape, color, finishes of the ramp and the entrance area of the apartment building and housing unit should be made more homelike. Also, the entrance area of apartment building and housing unit needs to be made large enough for residents themselves and meeting with neighbors. 4) Among all of the rooms in a housing unit, bathroom should be improved immediately. Also, the width of doors should be at least 80cm wide and the floor should be made even.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The final aim of this study was to propose guidelines for the indoor environment of apartment remodeling projects. The first task of this study was to understand the major elements and the actual condition of the remodeling for apartment unit by carrying out in-depth interviews on residents and specialists. The open-access interviews were conducted with interior designers who have a wide experience of apartment remodeling and residents who live in recently remodeled apartment units. The second task was to evaluate the actual condition of the indoor environment and to analyze the main factors that affect the indoor environment in remodeled apartment units. Field measurements were carried out in twenty apartment units occupied after remodeling, recording indoor environment elements (indoor temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, $CO_2$, CO, PM10, TVOC, HCHO, illumination, and equivalent noise level). Moreover, resident interviews and researcher observations were carried out to determine the contents of the remodeled unit and to investigate the architectural and living factors(like ventilation characteristics, etc.) related to the indoor environment. The results are as follows. The remodeling elements generally included the changing of lighting fixtures and finishing materials in all the spaces, the integration of the balcony into the children's room, the installation of furniture in the kitchen and the entrance, the changing storage furnitures and equipments in the bathroom. The average levels of each unit of relative humidity, $CO_2$, TVOC, HCHO, equivalent noise level, and illumination were proved to be on the whole in inadequate condition. The factors that affect these indoor elements were classified as remodeling factors (remodeling amounts, extent balcony integration, and lighting fixture exchange), ventilation characteristics, and living factors. According to these results, this research proposed the guidelines for the indoor environment in apartment remodeling projects.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-61
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to suggest the spatial composition and area of the intensive care units through analysis of current situation for the standards establishment of the intensive care units in public district hospitals in the future. Methods: Three Methods have been used in this paper. 1) Literature reviews about composition, location, foreign standards on intensive care units. 2) Comparative analysis on the architectural drawing for the space program and the area. 3) Field survey in order to confirm differences between architectural drawing and current situation. Results: 1) The intensive care units is required to be linked by the operating department, the emergency department and the sterile supply department upon considerations of accessibility of emergency patients and the infection control. 2) The intensive care unit consists of five areas such as the patient area, the medical staff area, the material and equipment area, the patient family area, and the public area. 3) The location of spaces in the intensive care unit is classified by three methods such as connection by view, circulation and connection to corridor. The [table 20] summarizes the type of space and the average size of the space in intensive care unit. Implications: This study is a basic research for guideline of intensive care units, and need to be followed by further study using various perspectives and methods in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

Space is integrated or segment with organic formation by circulation path. It estimates important problem to grasp as factor that promote movement of visitor and space organization without grasping circulation as connection relation about simple space function from these viewpoint, is a thing which this study does not cause confusion to visitor's circulation path through data that analyze form of space connection and visitor's circulation path as quantitative in museum space and layout form that access by easy each unit exhibition grasps what it is. This study does factor grasping for guideline and inspection circulation path of layout by purpose in exhibition space on the basis of analytical result that grasps connection form between exhibition area that grasp laying stress on visitor's movement and appears in space through follow-up survey for circulation path of museum exhibition area. Space connection form that is expose by sequence of investigation and analysis(II) estimates on constituent affecting to visitor's circulation, and these do not speak for all space connection forms at the museum, but may systematize typology about connection form of unit spaces to utilize by indicator pointer of space planning if continue study to various spatial sphere more than hereafter. Unit exhibition area, divide connection form of space by grid and tree and laying stress on this quantitative data by spectator follow-up survey comparison and Estimate that space connection form provides partial basis of judgement for supposition that can promote direction and circulation path about visitor's movement if summarize result of investigation and analysis (III).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1376-1383
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• 2020

Although studies on fire evacuation systems are increasing, studies on the evacuation of evacuees in indoor spaces are insufficient. According to the latest research, it has been suggested that the use of high frequency might be effective for identifying the location of evacuees indoors. Accordingly, in this paper, the authors intend to develop evacuation location recognition technology and fire evacuation guidance system using high-frequency and a smartphone. The entire system was developed, including an app server, evacuees location recognition unit, an evacuation route search, an output unit, and a speaker unit based on Wi-Fi communication. The experimental results proved the possibility of the effectiveness of the system in the fire situation data. It is expected that this study could be used as an essential study of a fire evacuation guidance system using high frequency data in case of fire.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to propose different construction costs based on the number of kindergarten classrooms. Literature review reorganized the space program for kindergartens. For suggesting the room sizes of each spaces, this paper collected the three types of analysis; 1) the previous researches, 2) field survey, and 3) construction drawings. Based on the results, building sizes for the individual class sizes were presented. And, this paper made a standard priced BOQ(Bill of Quantity) through analysis on the existing priced BOQ. Finally, the recommendable construction costs were proposed by applying the building sizes to the standard priced BOQ. The practitioners of school districts and government organizations can make appropriate budgets considering the building sizes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 1968

To compare on the accuracy of bridge made by various soldering technics, four unit bridges were made on a blass original model. They were soldered to each other in the following three ways : In Group I, one central gap between two pieces of pre-soldered abutments and adjacent pontics were soldered at the final step. In Group II, the two gaps between one piece of pre-soldered pontics and two abutments were soldered at the final step. In Group III. the three gaps between two abutments and two ponitcs were soldered at the same time. Misfitting of those bridges were compared by measuring the spaces created between the retainer margins and the shoulders of preparated original model with a micrometer microscope. The author obtained following results : In the final step, the more number of the soldered gap increased, the more accuracy of the bridge decreased.