• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2007

균일한 빛 에너지에 대하여 영상센서의 모든 픽셀은 이상적으로는 균일하게 반응해야하지만 실제적으로는 그렇지 않다. 이러한 영상센서의 불균일 특성은 픽셀자체의 특성과 광학모듈 특성 등에 의하여 발생한다. 영상센서의 불균일 특성은 고정된 형태의 잡음으로 다양한 보정 알고리즘에 의해 보정될 수 있으며 보정능력에 따라 더욱 우수한 영상 품질을 기대할 수 있다. 보통, 영상센서의 불균일 보정은 적절한 알고리즘에 의해 보정계수를 구한 후 이를 적용하여 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 모든 광량영역에서 좀 더 정확하고 신뢰성 있는 최적의 픽셀 불균일 보정계수 계산 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 불균일 특성을 향상시키기 위해 센서를 1차원으로 모델링하였으며 보정계수를 구하기 위해 여러 광량레벨에서 측정데이터를 얻고 최적의 해를 얻기 위해 최소자승법을 이용한다. 논문에서는 보정계수 획득을 위해 적분구, 프래임그래버를 탑재한 컴퓨터 및 제안한 알고리즘을 구현한 소프트웨어를 사용하였다. 또한 자체 구현한 카메라와 별도의 시험셋업을 이용하여 불균일 시험을 수행하여 제안한 알고리즘을 검증하였다. 제안한 알고리즘을 보정 전 결과 및 기존 방법의 결과와 비교하였으며, 비교 결과, 제안한 알고리즘이 모든 광량에서 가장 좋고 신뢰성 있는 결과를 보여주었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.303-315
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• 1990

Uniformity of velocity is quite important design points of a vertical laminar flow type clean room. In the present paper, flows in a room with a bottom pannel are numerically simulated by using a low-Reynolds number $k-{\epsilon}$ model, and a new flow model of the pannel are suggested. Resistance coefficient of the pannel and size of the exhaust channel show considerable effects on flow pattern and uniformity of flow on the bottom. Reflection coefficient also has important roles. A possibility to obtain the uniform and unidirectional flow is tested by adjusting the distribution of resistance coefficient of the pannel. Such a numerical simulation of the flow will be a good method to get optimun design parameters.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.2003-2012
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• 1970

In order to the influence of grain size distribution on compressive strength and coefficient of permeability, unconfined compression test and permeability test were performed for seventy samples that have various grain-size distributions. Its results are as follows: 1. Maximum unconfined compressive strength appears at the dry side of optimum moisture content. 2. Unconfined compressive strength is proportional to the increase of percent passing of No. 200 sieve. 3. Precent of deformation in failure increases in proportion to the increase of percent passing of No. 200 sieve, and modulus of No. 200 sieve, and modulus of deformation also increases in proportion to percent passing of No. 200 sieve. 4. Unconfined compressive strength increases in proportion to uniformity coefficient, liquid limit and plastic index, but it decreases gradually according to the increase of coefficient of grading and classification area. 5. Maximum dry density decreases according to the increase of void ratio. 6. Coefficient of permeability decreases according to the increase of percent passing of No. 200 sieve, and when percent of No. 200 sieve, and when percent passing of No. 200 enlarged more than 40%, it becomes less than $10^{-6}cm/sec$ which is the limit of coefficient of permeability of core material for earth dam proposed by Lee. 7. Coefficient of permeability increases according to the increase of coefficient of grading, classification area and index of Talbot formula r, but it was rather decrease by the increase of uniformity coefficient. 8. Coefficient of permeability seems to depend on the size and the shape of the flow path which is a series of void to be concerned by the size and the proprton of soil grain, even though void ratios are same.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

Arc welding process has indicated that it suffers from many flaws. It's because requirement of products is diverse and factors which affects the quality is also various. Therefore, in order to stabilize the welding process, it is important to choose a proper welding machine for the each process, and to evaluate the welding process capability of each machine. In this study, rational and simple index to evaluate the welding machine was set the coefficient of resistance variation through the arc stability examination such as spatter generation weight and bead configuration uniformity etc. And the method to evaluate the process capability index was developed by application of 6$\sigma$.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.8-19
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• 2019

In this study, the spray pattern of a centrifugal fertilizer distributor with two shutter holes was analyzed and an effective driving width that satisfies proper spray uniformity was derived. The centrifugal fertilizer distributor was mounted on a tractor with a rated power of 23.7 kW and static and dynamic spray pattern tests were performed according to the standard procedure proposed by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Standard ASAE S341.5. The height of the fertilizer distributor was 80 cm from the ground and the PTO (power take-off) shaft speed of the tractor was fixed at 540 rpm. The fertilizer scattered in space was collected using 275 evenly spaced collectors at shutter opening ratios of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The spray pattern was analyzed via the amount of sprayed fertilizer at each collector location and the coefficient of variation was used as an indicator of spray uniformity. Using the analyzed spray pattern, the effective driving width that satisfied less than 15% of the coefficient of variation was derived for different tractor driving patterns (race track mode, back and forth mode). From the results, spray uniformity increased as the shutter opening ratio decreased. The largest effective driving width was 8 m at a shutter opening ratio of 25% for both driving patterns.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2023

With an attempt to investigate the correlation between the internal pressure distribution of slit nozzle and the thickness uniformity of slot-coated thin films, we have performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of slit nozzles and slot coating of high-viscosity (4,800 cPs) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using a gantry slot-die coater. We have calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) to quantify the pressure and velocity distributions inside the slit nozzle and the thickness non-uniformity of slot-coated PDMS films. The pressure distribution inside the cavity and the velocity distribution at the outlet are analyzed by varying the shim thickness and flow rate. We have shown that the cavity pressure uniformity and film thickness uniformity are enhanced by reducing the shim thickness. It is addressed that the CV value of the cavity pressure that can ensure the thickness non-uniformity of less than 5% is equal to and less than 1%, which is achievable with the shim thickness of 150 ㎛. It is also found that as the flow rate increases, the average cavity pressure is increased with the CV value of the pressure unchanged and the maximum coating speed is increased. As the shim thickness is reduced, however, the maximum coating speed and flow rate decrease. The highly uniform PDMS films shows the tensile strain as high as 180%, which can be used as a stretchable substrate.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2012

In this work the mixing and flow characteristics of a vane-type static mixer were investigated numerically for the reduction of NOx in the SCR-system of the diesel engines. The mixer was located in the 57 times pipe diameter away from the inlet. The analysis were performed by changing such various parameters as vane shape, angles, blockage ratio and location of the vane. The flow structure through the mixer was characterized by uniformity index and pressure drop. The results show that uniformity index and pressure coefficient are substantially influenced by the vane shape, angle, blockage ratio and position of the vane of the mixer.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2006

본 고에서는 선행연구(홍성연, 2004)에서 개발한 대형직접전단시험기를 이용하여 조립질 토목재료의 시험밀도와 균등계수의 크기가 전단강도에 주는 영향을 분석하였으며, 아울러, 각 수직응력별로 한계상태에서 조립재료가 갖고 있는 마찰계수를 Wood(1998)가 제안한 방정식을 이용하여 산출하였다. 시험에 사용한 재료는 경상과 전라지역 석산에서 생산중인 조립재료이다. 시험결과 시험밀도 $2.10g/cm^3$의 전단강도의 크기가 $1.85g/cm^3$의 값보다 상대적으로 크게 나타났으며, 균등계수는 상대적으로 10.0보다 5.0일때 더 큰 전단강도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 조립질 토목재료가 갖고 있는 한계상태에서의 마찰계수는 각 시험조건별로 $1.0{\sim}1.6$의 범위로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1854-1860
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• 1970

Results of this study on the influence of percent passing of No. 200 sieve on soil compaction are as follows; 1. The higher maximum dry density of soil is, the lower optimum moisture content is. Maximum dry density is highest value and optimum moisture content is the lowest value in twocases that percents of No. 200 sieve are 30% in soils of which percents retained on No. 10 sieve are 5% and 10% respectively. 2. Maximum dry density increases according as uniformity coefficient increase. Maximum dry density is the highest when uniformity coefficient is approximately 300 in soil of which maximum diameter is 4.76mm. 3. Maximum dry density has a tendency to become large according as value of Cu Caincrease. Correlation between maximum dry density and $Log_{10}$(CuCa) shows straight line. 4. Maximum dry density increases according as n increase and reaches the peak when n equal 0.35 in condition that the index of talbot formula n is less than 0.35 in soil of which maximum diameter is 4.76mm. 5. Maximum dry density has a tendency to increase according as value of Cg $(Cg=\frac{P_{50}^2}{P_{10}{\times}{P_{200}}$) decrease.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1041-1048
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• 2004

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process was studied in terms of tribology in this paper. CMP performed by the down force and the relative motion of pad and wafer with slurry is typically tribological system composed of friction, wear and lubrication. The piezoelectric quartz sensor for friction force measurement was installed and the friction force was detected during CMP process. Various friction signals were attained and analyzed with the kind of pad, abrasive and abrasive concentration. As a result of experiment, the lubrication regime is classified with ηv/p(η, v and p; the viscosity, relative velocity and pressure). The characteristics of friction and material removal mechanism is also different as a function of the kind of abrasive and the abrasive concentration in slurry. Especially, the material removal per unit distance is directly proportional to the friction force and the non~uniformity has relation to the coefficient of friction.