• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.506-523
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• 2015

The intent is to determine whether or not the custody transfer is helpful for data transmission in challenging underwater communications when running Bundle protocol or underwater protocols. From the point of view defending side, Underwater Acoustic Network (UAN) will be a serious threat for its strong functionality long rang and high precision of surveillance and detection. Therefore, countermeasures must be taken to weaken its effect. Our purpose is analyzed that how to benefit from the UIoT to learn from, exploit and preserve the natural underwater resources. Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) is essential part of the network heterogeneity communication network. The vulnerability and potential security factors of UIoT are studied thereafter. Security mechanisms for an underwater environment are difficult to apply owing to the limited bandwidth. Therefore, for underwater security, appropriate security mechanisms and security requirements must be defined simultaneously. The paper consists of mathematical and security model. Most important point of view in the security challenges of effective Buffer and Storage management in DTN.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1940-1950
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• 2017

The security threat types in underwater communication networks environment are almost the same as the terrestrial, but the security of mechanisms the terrestrial RF-based networks environment can not be directly applied due to not only the limited resources of each node but also unsafe channel such as low propagation delay, high bit error rate etc. Nevertheless there has not been much research on the security of underwater acoustic communication networks. Therefore, in this paper analyzes the differences between the terrestrial communication networks and underwater acoustic communication networks, and identifies issues that are the starting points of underwater communication networks security research.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.979-986
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• 2015

광케이블을 이용한 보안 솔루션의 기술들은 아직까지 확실한 기술적 안정성을 확보하지 못한 상태이며, 그중 음향 감지를 통한 보안 시스템 역시 여러 가지 변수에 따른 오 경보 및 감지 실패 등의 완벽한 방어 기술을 확보하지 못한 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 수중 음향 통신의 수중 음향통신 채널에 대한 4가지 특성을 조사한다. 또한 수중에서 음향 신호 분석을 통한 광케이블을 이용한 감지 시스템 구축 방안으로서 감지 시스템을 구축한다. 또한 해저 광케이블의 신호 특성 분석과 잡음 분석을 수행한 후 이를 실제 적용 가능성을 확인한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.115-118
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• 2014

수중무선통신 시스템은 수질 조사, 해양 자원 탐사 및 개발, 해양환경 분석 및 군사적인 정보 수집 수단 등 다양한 분야에 활용 가능하다. 하지만 수중무선통신 환경에서는 매질의 특성과 다양한 지형적 요소, 의도된 공격 등으로 인해 데이터 손실이 발생하고 데이터 위변조를 포함한 다양한 보안위협이 존재한다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 데이터 기밀성, 무결성, 출처인증, 그리고 재공격 방지기능을 제공하는 CCM 운영모드를 수중무선통신 환경에 적합하게 변형한 CCM-UW(CCM Underwater)운영모드를 제안한다. 이를 수중무선통신 MAC 프로토콜인 MACA Protocol에 구현하고 통신 속도를 측정해서 CCM-UW의 보안적용 가능성과 통신환경에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39B권6호
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• pp.360-369
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• 2014

수중 음파 센서 네트워크를 이용하여 수중 환경의 자료를 수집하고 이를 이용하여 오염도를 측정하거나 자연재해를 예방하는 등의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 수중에서 수집된 자료는 음파 통신으로 지상의 통신 개체로 전달된다. 수중 환경은 지상 환경에 비해 전송 속도가 낮고, 전송 지연이 빈번히 일어나는 등 통신 성능이 좋지 않기 때문에 지상의 무선 통신에서 사용되는 보안 기술을 그대로 적용시키는 것이 어렵다. 이로 인해 보안 기술을 배제한 체 통신 기술만 사용할 경우 전송되는 자료가 공격자에 의해 탈취되거나 위 변조 되는 등의 보안 위협에 노출될 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 개체 간의 신뢰성을 입증해 주고, 암호화 통신을 위한 비밀키를 공유하는 인증 및 키 발급 프로토콜 등과 같은 보안 기술이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수중 환경을 위해 경량화한 인증 및 키 발급 프로토콜인 UW-AKE을 제안한다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Exploration has always been an instinct of humans, and underwater life is as fascinating as it seems. So, for studying flora and fauna below water, there is a need for high-quality images. However, the underwater images tend to be of impaired quality due to various factors, which calls for improved and enhanced underwater images. There are various Histogram Equalization (HE) based techniques which could aid in solving these issues. Classifying the HE methods broadly, there is Global Histogram Equalization (GHE), Mean Brightness Preserving HE (MBPHE), Bin Modified HE (BMHE), and Local HE (LHE). Each of these HE extensions have their own pros and cons and thus, by considering them we have considered BBHE, CLAHE, BPDHE, BPDFHE, and DSIHE enhancement algorithms, which are based on Mean Brightness Preserving HE and Local HE, for this study. The performance is evaluated with non-reference performance measures like Entropy, UCIQE, UICM, and UIQM. In this study, we apply the enhancement algorithms on 300 images from the UIEB benchmark dataset and then apply the techniques of cascading fusion on the best-performing algorithms.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Generally, underwater gliders do not have separate propellers for their forward movement. They derive a propulsive force due to the difference between their buoyancy and gravity. The attitude of an underwater glider is controlled by changing the relative position of the buoyancy center and mass center. In this study, we derived nonlinear 6-DOF dynamic and mathematical models for the motion controller and buoyancy controller. Using these equations, we performed dynamic underwater glider simulations and verified the suitability of the design and dynamic performance of the proposed underwater glider.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

최근 환경오염에 의한 수질관리, 재난방지, 해양자원탐사 및 군사목적 등으로 수중환경에서의 음파통신에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 수중네트워크는 물이라는 특수한 환경으로 인해 많은 제약사항이 존재한다. 이를 극복하기 위한 노력은 계속되고 있으며 더불어 보안의 필요성도 함께 중요시 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 수중 음파통신에서 활용가능한 다양한 플랫폼에서 AES, ARIA, LEA 암호 알고리즘의 성능을 측정하고 그 결과를 비교 분석하여, 향후 수중 네트워크에서의 통신에 효율적으로 기밀성을 제공할 수 있도록 한다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Underwater images carry information that is useful in the fields of aquaculture, underwater military security, navigation, transportation, and so on. In this research, we transmitted an underwater image through various underwater mediums in the presence of underwater turbulence and beam attenuation effects using a high-speed visible optical carrier signal. The optical beam undergoes scintillation because of the turbulence and attenuation effects; therefore, distorted images were observed at the receiver end. To understand the behavior of the communication media, we obtained the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system with respect to the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Also, the structural similarity index (SSI) and peak SNR (PSNR) metrics of the received image were evaluated. Based on the received images, we employed suitable nonlinear filters to recover the distorted images and enhance them further. The BER, SSI, and PSNR metrics of the specific nonlinear filters were also evaluated and compared with the unfiltered metrics. These metrics were evaluated using the on-off keying and binary phase-shift keying modulation techniques for the 50-m and 100-m links for beam attenuation resulting from pure seawater, clear ocean water, and coastal ocean water mediums.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2020

This study deals with underwater explosion (UNDEX) characteristics of various non-explosive underwater shock sources for the development of non-explosive underwater shock testing devices. UNDEX can neutralize ships' structure and the equipment onboard causing serious damage to combat and survivability. The shock proof performance of naval ships has been for a long time studied through simulations, but full-scale Live Fire Test and Evaluation (LFT&E) using real explosives have been limited due to the high risk and cost. For this reason, many researches have been tried to develop full scale ship shock tests without using actual explosives. In this study, experiments were conducted to find the characteristics of the underwater shock waves from actual explosive and non-explosive shock sources such as the airbag inflators and Vaporizing Foil Actuator (VFA). In order to derive the empirical equation for the maximum pressure value of the underwater shock wave generated by the non-explosive impact source, repeated experiments were conducted according to the number and distance. In addition, a Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) technique, which is a frequency-based function, was used to compare the response of floating bodies generated by underwater shock waves from each explosion source. In order to compare the magnitude of the underwater shock waves generated by each explosion source, Keel Shock Factor (KSF), which is a measure for estimating the amount of shock experienced by a naval ship from an underwater explosionan, was used.