• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.69-79
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze legal characteristics and issues of an underground pedestrian connection, which is a very useful tool to create 3D pedestrian networks and the vibrant underground environment. To do this, this paper explored the related laws to install the connection and analyzes 74 cases of Jung-gu, Seoul to find major issues. Then, it defined the legal characteristics in terms of not only the laws but also property law in Korea, thereby suggesting the improvement schemes. As a result, this paper concluded that the connections can be installed by an Urban Planning Facility or a Road Occupation Permit, but should be considered their public interest. In addition, exactions or fees for the permit should be carefully implemented based on the characters of the connection.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Plans of underground roads have been established, and the possibilities of underground road constructions have been growing in Korea. However, the study on characteristics of underground roads, the enactment of law, and the establishment of design criteria haven't been conducted so far, if any. Based on these backgrounds, the paper presents the basic direction on the construction method of underground roads. It also investigates the needs and characteristics of underground roads and reviews domestic and foreign examples. Major results by implementing the research are as follows: 1) when selecting the route of underground roads, the use of underground space, technical aspects, and traffic systems should be comprehensively considered; 2) the design speed of underground roads will be 10km/h above the speed limit to secure safety; 3) disaster prevention facilities should be planned to connect high traffic management system for coping with unexpected situations. Although this study has a limitation that hasn't reflected the driver's characteristics on new spaces such as underground roads, it has some significance that it suggests the major reviewing issues on the construction of underground roads, and presents the direction through the previous study.

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.6-21
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• 2012

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 1994

In recent decades, underground usage in urban areas has expanded from subways and utilities to include virtually every non-residential building function. Greater usage of underground space is envisioned in the more congested urban areas in the world such as Asia and Europe. This increasing interest in underground development is raising basic questions about whether people can work and live underground, and if so, what design techniques can sucessfully be employed. The actual experience of people in underground space, as well as general associations and image of the underground reveal predominantly negative attitudes. A number of design techniques have been suggested by researchers, or actually utilized by designers, to alleviate these potential problems for people in underground space. This paper identifies these psychological and physiological problems. In addition, design objective and possible solutions are briefly summarized. This is followed by a summary of special design problems and objectives related to road tunnels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 1993

This study is a efficient management techniques of road by facility database. The purpose of road ledger investigate the property of road facility, the present condition of the location, the quality of the material of the ground and underground facility. Also, this is used to make plan for construction, and investment program of the road. To build road database, photogrammetry, ground control surveying and aerial photogrammetry must be performed. After the research of the road facility, a underground facility map and the road drawings are to be made. In this study, model area is the KUMJUNG-KU in Pusan where an industrial road is located on. There are about 7,000 signal lampes and traffic safety boards. It is possible to manage scientifical and efficient road ledger though statistical handling using facility database. In this paper, authors found the database of road facility through basic circumstances in the use of SML of ARC/INFO.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.341-351
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• 2015

When rainfall occurred on road tunnel, that is likely to have influence upon ventilation force in the tunnels but the tunnels ventilation system did not consider factors of rainfall. Thus, this study investigated effects of rainfall upon ventilation force in the tunnels at no rainfall and changing of rainfall by 3 dimensional numerical method. Flow rate into road tunnels decreased as many as 52.34% at rainfall of 150 mm/hr, and pressure drop of road tunnel between entrance and exit decreased as many as 22.22%, so that rainfall had influence upon ventilation force in the tunnel. The number of necessary jet fan in road tunnels is 12 at no rainfall but, when rainfall of 80 mm/hr on road tunnels, the number of necessary jet fan in road tunnels is 16, when rainfall of 150 mm/hr on road tunnels, the number of necessary jet fan in road tunnels is 17. So, factor of rainfall should be considered at estimation of ventilation system of road tunnel.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.337-343
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• 2015

This paper investigates the ventilation characteristics in a two-dimensional underground network junction composed of four main lines interconnected by eight ramps. Simple one-dimensional models cannot be applied to network junctions since there are interferences of traffic piston effects in the main lines and at the ramps. A numerical algorithm was developed to analyze the pressure and airflow distributions iteratively. The Darcy-Weisbach equation was used to calculate the piston effects by traffic flows, and a Hardy Cross iteration was conducted for network analysis at the interconnected junction. The results show interesting ventilation characteristics and CO concentration distributions depending on system parameters such as vehicle speed, tunnel diameter, and other junction configurations.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

The modal split structure of the Korea's transportation system has been dominated by road-oriented structure. The shortage of the inftrastructure to accommodate the rapidly increasing travel demand has brought about socio-economic losses such as severe traffic congestion and high logistic costs, and thereby weakened the competitiveness of the country. Highway transportation sector is more vulnerable to energy consumption comparing with railway sector since the highway sector is dependent mostly on fossil fuels for its energy source. In 2006 annual road cogestion costs in Korea reached 24.6 trillion won, with an average annual growth rate of 5.4%. The annual road congestion cost of intercity highways were 9.2 trillion won. As the new cities that recently developed are located far from Seoul area, the boundary of commuting in Seoul metropolitan area is extended. It makes passengers have longer trips with longer travel time, and the congestion problem to be more serious. In this regards, Gyeonggi Provincial Government proposed a deeper underground metropolitan express train system for the greater Metropolitan area. which is named as GTX. Gyeonggi Province suggested 3 key underground lines, based on the outcome of the feasibility study conducted by the Korea Society of Transportation, and submitted to the Ministry of Land Transportation and Maritime Affairs for its review. If the project is approved for construction and completed in 2016, the daily volume of surface traffic bound for Seoul will be reduced substantially and therefore the users will be benefitted for time savings by an annual amount of 2 trilion won every year.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.561-573
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• 2018

In order to design the ventilation in the road tunnel, it is necessary to know the ratio of average annual daily traffic by vehicle type. In general, the road tunnels are onedirectional tunnel, so the traffic of each vehicle type does not change along the tunnel. On the other hand, in the case of network road tunnels, since the connections in the tunnels are complex, the traffic of vehicle-type varies depending on the network composition of tunnels. In the studying the easy method for calculating the ratio of vehicle type for the network road tunnel are proposed with using incidence matrix.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study identifies the causes and the mechanism of the occurrence of underground cavities. METHODS : A case study on cave-in and a series of model tests with a small soil chamber were conducted. RESULTS : A hypothesis about the mechanism of the cave-in in road was established, and the basic influencing factors on underground cavity expansion were identified. CONCLUSIONS : It was found that the characteristics of shear strength of soil and direction of water flow had a larger influence on cavity formation and expansion than the characteristics of internal erosion. In addition, large cavities suddenly expanded when cavities were caused owing to breakage of buried sewer pipe.