• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.622-630
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• 2001

This study aims at examining relationships between body mass index and perceived body shape and image. Using a purposive sampling method, 404 female college students were recruited from three universities located in Busan from April 2000 to June 2000. To classify the levels of obesity, Broca's method was used. Secord & Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale(1953) modified by Kim mi ok(1997) was also used to measure body image. The collected data were analyzed with the percentages, Mean, Standard deviation, T-test, and Pearson correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows. 1. 56.4 % of subjects were under weight, and 42.1% were normal for BMI. 2. 55.9% of subjects were very satisfied with their body shape and 15.1% were satisfied. 3. The mean values of perceived body shape according to the BMI were 3.0 for the overweight group, 2.65 for the normal weight group, and 2.21 for the low weight group, the mean differences among three groups were significantly satisfied (F= 21.42, P= .000). 4. The mean scores of body image according to the BMI was 160.21 for low weight group, 155.57 for the normal weight group, and 140.0 for overweight group. The mean differences among the three groups were not significantly satisfied. 5. The mean scores of body image according to perceived body shape were 17819 for the satisfaction group, 161.08 for the moderate group and 150.82 for dissatisfied group. The mean differences among the three groups were significantly satisfied (F= 35.72, P=. 000). 6. There were high positive correlations between BMI and perceived body shape(r= .317) and between perceived body shape and body image (r=- .415).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

The distributions of fish larvae and juveniles from the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and near Tsushima Island were investigated in Spring using the Maruchi (1994-1995) and Unagi (1996-1997) nets. A total of 94 species of fish larvae and juveniles belonging to 49 families under 17 orders were identified, of which Engraulis japonicus was dominant in every year except 1995 where Trachurus japonicus was dominant. Cluster analysis based on abundance and species composition by sampling stations (St.) revealed that the similar stations formed an arcuate group from Tsushima Island to southern Jeju Island in 1994, and from the Yellow Sea to southern Jeju Island in 1996. We concluded that these patterns resulted from the influence of the Tsushima Current prevailing in the east, and the Chinese Continental Waters and/or Hwanghae Cold Waters prevailing in the west, with Jeju Island exerting an influence in the centre. The diversity and composition of St. 97-3 and St. 97-5, both located where the Tsushima Current splits from the Kuroshio Current, was greatly different despite their close proximity. However, the former is located on the continental shelf, with the latter on the continental slope. This suggested that both topography and the Kuroshio Current have the most influence on the distribution of fish larvae and juveniles in this region. Furthermore, the weak Hwanghae Cold Waters of 1997 may have also limited the mixing of fish larvae and juveniles between the two stations.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2011

무선센서 네트워크를 기반으로 한 유헬스 서비스는 개인의 의료건강정보를 보다 안전하게 전송하고 처리하여야 한다. 대부분의 유헬스 센서기기는 게이트웨이를 통해 전송하는 구조이므로 기기와 게이트웨이간의 신뢰성 문제는 매우 중요하다. 사용자가 센서기기를 휴대하면서 이동하게 되면 게이트웨이의 수신범위 밖으로 멀어지므로 데이터 전송이 불가하다. 이 틈을 이용한 비인가 센서기기의 데이터 무결성 침해가 발생할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 비인증 게이트웨이가 허가받지 않고 생체정보를 갈취할 가능성도 있다. 이경우도 데이터 기밀성 침해문제가 발생된다. 따라서 유헬스 센서기기와 게이트웨이 간에는 응용레벨에서의 상호인증이 반드시 필요하다. 기기와 게이트웨이간의 어플리케이션 전송세션을 세분화하고 각 세션을 주기적으로 갱신하면 침해를 차단하는 효과가 있다. 그러나 이 과정에서의 인증을 위한 전송오버헤드를 최소화하려면 생체정보의 측정주기에 따른 동적인 유효 세션기법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이 기법을 제안하였고 3가지 실험을 통해 상호인증 성공결과를 확인하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 1999

본 연구는 다차원척도법을 적용하여 자연휴양림이 일반국민들에게 어떤 이미지로 지각되며 국립공원을 비롯한 국내 대표적인 휴양지들과 어떤 경쟁관계에 있는지를 분석하여 자연휴양림에 대한 기존 관리정책을 평가하고 효과적이며 합리적인 관리방향 설정을 위한 유용한 정보를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 2단계 군집추출방법으로 서울, 부산, 대구, 광주, 대전 시민 1200명의 표본을 추출하였다. 자연휴양림을 포지셔닝한 결과, 서울과 지방 등 거주지에 따라 다소 상이한 결과가 나타났으나, 국민들은 자연휴양림이 바가지 요금이 없는, 자연을 느끼고 체험할 수 있는 혼잡하지 않은 휴양장소로 지각하였다. 자연휴양림은 국립공원과 심한 경쟁관계에 있는 것으로 지각되었으므로 차별화된 이미지 개발 등의 효과적인 마케팅 전략이 요구된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

Objectives : Based on a national sample survey, we present an analysis of the current situation in the use of moxibustion therapeutics by qualified medical practitioners in Korea. Methods : The survey population of 11,737 hospitals is stratified by administrative regions, and 331 of them are randomly selected from the list of hospitals. The same number of Korean medical doctors is interviewed under the computer-assisted telephone interviewing(CATI) system. The bound on the error of estimation is ${\pm}\;5.0%$ point. Results : Of the 331 Korean medical doctors surveyed, 69% have used moxibustion therapy for remedial treatment. About half of those doctors have employed the therapy for their patients over 30%. The average number of acupuncture points per treatment using the therapy mostly ranges 1 between 5. The percent of practitioners, who have the number of average minutes less than 20 in treatment, is 74%. The number of practitioners who primarily use modified moxibustion is 4 times as many as that of those using traditional moxibustion. Conclusions : Considering the survey results, if the laser heater, alternative to conventional moxibustion, which not only gives high thermal effect but also reduces both the users inconvenience and side effects, are developed, it may benefit more patients as well as Korean medical doctors.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.22-33
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• 2004

It has been more than three decades since the first assay assessing circulating 25(OH)D in human subjects was performed. That publication as well as several that followed it defined 'normal' nutritional vitamin D status in human populations. Recently, the wisdom by which 'normal' circulating 25(OH)D levels in human subjects were assigned in the past has come under question. It appears that sampling human subjects, who appear to be free from disease, and assessing 'normal' circulating 25(OH)D levels by plotting a Gaussian distribution is grossly inaccurate. There are many reasons why this method is inaccurate, including race, lifestyle habits, sunscreen usage, age, latitude, and inappropriately low dietary recommendations for vitamin D. For instance, a 400IU/day. AI for vitamin D is insignificant when one considers that a 10-15 minute whole body exposure to peak summer sun will generate and release up to 20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$ into the circulation. Recent studies, which orally administered up to 10,000 IU/day vitamin $D_3$ to human subjects for several months, have successfully elevated circulating 25(OH)D levels to those observed in individuals from sun-rich environments. Further, we are now able to accurately assess sufficient circulating 25(OH)D levels utilizing specific biomarkers instead of guessing what an adequate level is. These biomarkers include intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium absorption, bone mineral density (BMD), insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function. Using the data from these biomarkers, vitamin D deficiency should be defined as circulating levels of $25(OH)D{\leq}30ng/mL$. In certain cases, such as pregnancy and lactation, significantly higher circulating 25(OH)D levels would almost certainly be beneficial to both the mother and recipient fetus/infant.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.717-730
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• 2016

The harmonic components of grid voltage result in oscillations of the calculated phase obtained via phase synchronization. This affects the security and stability of grid-connected converters. Moving average filter, delayed signal cancellation and their related harmonic elimination algorithms are major methods for such issues. However, all of the existing methods have their limitations in dealing with multiple harmonics issues. Furthermore, few studies have focused on a comparison and evaluation of these algorithms to achieve optimal algorithm selections in specific applications. In this paper, these algorithms are quantitatively analyzed based on the derived mathematical models. Moreover, an enhanced moving average filter and enhanced delayed signal cancellation algorithms, which are applicable for eliminating a group of selective harmonics with only one calculation block, are proposed. On this basis, both a comprehensive comparison and a quantitative evaluation of all of the aforementioned algorithms are made from several aspects, including response speed, required data storage size, sensitivity to sampling frequency, and elimination of random noise and harmonics. With the conclusions derived in this paper, better overall performance in terms of harmonic elimination can be achieved. In addition, experimental results under different conditions demonstrate the validity of this study.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권8호
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• pp.2060-2071
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• 1999

소프트웨어 시스템이 복잡해지면 고장의 원인이 하나의 강도함수에 의해서만 일어나지 않고 여러 원인이 중첩되어 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 복잡한 시스템에 의한 우도함수의 계산상의 어려움 때문에 반복표본을 이용하는 깁스 샘플링 기법이 고려되었다. 관찰된 고장시점은 중첩모형으로 표현이 가능한 잠재(latent)변수들을 이용하여 깁스 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 단순모형과 중첩모형의 비교를 위해 사후베이즈 요인과 상대오차의 합을 이용하여 모형선택을 시도하였다. 수치적인 예에서 GOS 속성을 가진 Goel-Okumoto 모형과 Weibull 모형을 선택하고 NHPP의 자료는 Lewis와 Shedler[25]에 의해 제시된 Thining 알고리즘을 이용하여 발생된 자료를 이용하고 사전분포는 상대적으로 확산분포(diffuse priors)를 이용한 모수추정과 사후베이즈요인과 상대오차를 이용한 모형선택을 한 결과 단순모형들 보다 중첩모형이 좋은 형으로 간주할 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.881-886
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• 2005

본 논문은 복합 상태 공간에서의 피지 기반 제어기를 이용한 지능형 디지털 재설계의 전 역적 접근 방안에 대해 제안하고자 한다. 이산화를 통한 제어기 설계에 있어서 불확실성이 포함된 실시간 비선형 시스템에 대해 보다 효율적이고 안정적인 접근을 위해 TS 퍼지 모델이 사용되었다. 그리고 전 역적 접근을 위한 방안으로서 문제를 볼록 최적화 관점으로 변환 후, 에러가 가질 수 있는 놈의 영역을 최소화하여 상태 접합을 이루고자 하였다. 또한 power series를 사용함으로써 불확실성이 조합된 비선형 시스템을 보다 더 정확하게 분석하였다. 샘플링 기간이 충분히 작다면, 불확실 비선형 시스템의 실시간 시스템으로의 전환이 충분한 이유를 가지게 된다. 전 역적 접근을 통한 디지털로 제어된 시스템은 선형 행렬 부등식 형태로 바꾸어 시스템의 안정성을 보장하고자 하였다. 마지막으로 TS 퍼지 모델로 분석된 혼돈 Lorenz System에 적용함으로써 제안된 방법의 안정성과 효율성을 보장받게 된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

To evaluate the bioequivalence of two ramipril formulations, a standard 2-way randomized cross-over study was conducted in twenty-six healthy male Korean volunteers. A single oral dose of 10 mg of test formulation $Ramiprin^{(R)}$ (tablet) or reference formulation Tritace $Protect^{(R)}$ (tablet) was administered with one-week washout period. Plasma concentrations of ramipril were assayed over a period of 12 hr with a well validated method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The values of area under the plasma concentration-time curve, from time zero to last sampling time $(AUC_t)$ and from time zero to time infinity $(AUC_{inf})$ were $77.45{\pm}44.78\;and\;78.96{\pm}45.64$ for test, and $70.30{\pm}42.27\;and\;71.99{\pm}43.55ng\;hr/mL$ for reference formulation, respectively. Similarly, maximum concentration $(C_{max})$ and elimination half-life $(t_{1/2})$ were $65.61{\pm}19.96ng/mL$ and $2.15{\pm}0.75hr$ for test, and $63.63{\pm}25.50ng/mL$ and $2.16{\pm}0.73hr$ for reference formulations, respectively. Time to reach maximum concentration $(T_{max})$ for the test and the reference, were $0.51{\pm}0.22hr\;and\;0.52{\pm}0.18hr$, respectively. The parametric 90% confidence intervals on the mean of the differences between the two formulations (test-reference) of the log-transformed values of $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ were 1.03 to 1.19 and 0.98 to 1.17, respectively. The overall results indicate that the two formulations are bioequivalent and can be prescribed interchangeably.