• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 1992

This research was undertaken to determine the effects of the anticancer and immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CP) on the epididymal caput of the male rat in terms of ultrastructural alteration and protein analysis by SDS-PAGE at different groups; control group, 1 week group, 3 weeks group, 5 weeks group were treated with saline (control group) or CP at doses of 20 mg/kg/week, 1 time a week, respectively. In the cytoplasm of the principal cells on the epididymis, the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes were significantly swollen or disrupted. The lumens of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) were also swollen, and the number of Golgi vesicles were increased, respectively. It is suggested that treatment with CP alters the specific cell organelles in the epididymis. CP caused changes in protein concentrations in caput of epididymis after CP treatment. Total proteins of 32 to 37 species such as lactate dehydrogenase, carnitine acetyltransferase and succinate dehydrogenase were expressed in the caput fluid. Then the more CP was increased, the more concentration of proteins caused to decrease, synthesize or increase in epididymis. In contrast to the control group, in particular carnitine acetyltransferase and the other 9 proteins in the caput fluid were decreased or disappeared, respectively, whereas lactate dehydrogenase and the other 5 proteins in the caput fluid were increased or synthesized, respectively. The other proteins are not showed distinctive difference. These alterations could be direct mediated by toxic effects of the drug on the epithelium or be secondary to changes in the spermatozoa as a result of the CP treatment.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-76
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• 1988

Chick embryos which have received a single injection of the organophosphate compound, malathion (0.1 mg/0.05 ml, 0.5 mg/0.05 ml, 1.0 mg/0.05 ml or 2.0 mg/0.05 ml) via the yolk sac at certain times (2 days, 4 days or 6 days after incubation) have been investigated. After 9 days of incubation, chick embryos were harvested to examine the effects of malathion on the ultrastructure and the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity of the developing spinal cord. The effects of simultaneous injection of malathion and nicotinamide were also compared. On ultrastructural findings, neurons in the ventral horn of spinal cord showed to be inhibited in their differentiation by malathion; nuclear irregularity, separation of nuclear membranes, reduction of ribosomal distribution, and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed. In the younger embryos treated with relatively high doses of malathion, nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles of neurons were severely destroyed, and the neurons were shown to be necrotic. On cytochemical study of AChE by electron microscope, the positive reaction products of AChE were localized at the membranes of nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons. Inhibition of AChE activity was severe in groups treated with relatively low doses of malathion. Nicotinamide (5.0 mg/0.05 ml) alleviated malathion-induced morphological alterations. In conclusion, it is suggested that malathion changes the ultrastructure and reduces. AChE activity in differentiating neurons, and the severity of which is consistently dose- and age-dependent.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 1989

본 실험은 식이중에 첨가된 coenzyme Q10이 adriamycin (ADR)을 투여한 흰쥐의 심근 미세 구조에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시되었다. 실험군은 모두 ADR 2수준(1.0mg/kg B.W./week, 2.0mg/kg B.W./week)과 coenzyme Q10 3수준(무첨가군, 0.1g / kg diet 및 0.5g / kg diet)에 의한 6개의 실험군과 basal diet만을 공급하는 대조군을 설정하였다. 체중증가량은 ADR의 투여수준이 높을수록 유의적으로 감소되었으며 식이효율에 있어서는 고수준의 ADR 투여시에만 대조군에 비하여 감소되었다. 그러나 coenzyme Q10에 의한 회복효과는 나타나지 않았다. 혈장내 CPK 활성도는 ADR투여로 약간 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 coenzyme Q10 급여에 대한 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 전자현미경을 통해 심장조직의 형태적변화를 살펴본 결과 ADR투여로 인해 심근세포내 미세구조의 변성을 관찰할 수 있었고 특히 mitochondria 의 변형, myofibil을 비롯한 세포 소기관의 소실 및 파괴로 빈 공간이 형성되어 있었으나 coenzyme Q10 급여군에서는 그 정도가 약화되었다. 고수준의 ADR 투여는 mitochondria 의 volume density와 surface density를 크게 감소시켰지만 고수준의 coenzyme Q10 급여에 의해 이러한 감소가 조절되었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2000

양어장에서 염분농도가 각각 $5^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$, $10^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$, $15^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$의 $1.5m^3$인 사육조에서 순치 적응된 평균 체중이 130g인 smolt 단계의 치어와 870g인 성어의 무지개송어 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 총 150마리를 공시어로 이용하여 아가미 및 신장의 미세구조의 변화를 알기 위해서 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 해수에 순치 적응된 무지개송어에서 아가미엽의 비대와 아가미엽 상피세포의 분리 그리고 신사구체의 수축, 신장의 응혈 등의 조직학적 변화가 나타났다. 해수에 순치 적응된 개체의 삼투압은 당수에 서식하는 개체의 삼투압보다 높게 나타나서 평균 300 m Osmol 이상으로 나타났다. 삼투압의 증가는 염분과 무기질의 배출효율을 높이기 위해서 혹은 체내의 삼투압의 균형을 맞추기 위해서 삼투압이 증가하는 것으로 사료된다. 아가미엽의 염세포가 증가하는 발생정도는 염분농도의 증가와 더불어 높게 나타났고, 아가미엽 표면은 염분농도가 높아질수록 요철상태가 심한 구조로 나타났으며, 길게 변형된 미토콘드리아가 관찰되었다. 무지개송어는 조직병리학적 변화에도 불구하고 해수에 순치 적응하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2002

The antiangiogenic effects of novel agent KJ3, Betulinic acid, and Fumagillin on the neovascularization were studied by examining ultrastructural alterations in the vasculature of synthetic gelform and mouse neuroblastoma C1300. Small pieces of gelform with 0.4% agar were introduced subcutaneously (s.c.) in 7 week old male CH3/HeJ mice. After the $LD_{50}s$ were determined by FACS analysis, a third of $LD_{50}$ of three drugs were injected either locally or intraperitoneally every other day for 14 days. A/J mice were inoculated s.c. with the C1300 neuroblastoma cell line, then either saline or three drugs were injected in the same manner. The antiangiogenic effects of three drugs were studied by measuring the histologic changes in tumors, and immunostaining for CD34, VIII/vWF, CD105, and thymidine phosphorylase. In the drug treated groups, the number of vessels in gelform experiments and C1300 neuroblastoma experiments were lower than the corresponding values in the control. The histologic findings were significantly different in drug treated groups on day 7, but these were not significant on day 14. These results imply that antiangiogenic agents were effective when the tumor burden is minimal.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2020

Use of nanoparticles (NPs) in several commercial products has led to emergence of novel contaminants of air, soil and water bodies. The NPs may exhibit greater ecotoxicity due to nano-scale dependent properties over their bulk counterparts. The present investigation explores the effect of in vitro supplementation of TiO₂, silica and silver NPs on radial growth and ultrastructural changes in the hyphae and spores of two mushroom genera, Ganoderma lucidum and Volvariella volvaceae. A concentration dependent decrease in radial growth on NP amended potato dextrose agar medium was recorded. However, in comparison to control, there was decrease in radial diameter on supplementation with TiO₂ NPs while an increase was recorded for silica and silver NPs amendments as compared to their bulk salts at same concentrations after 48 h of incubation. Optical microscopy studies showed decrease in the number of spores while increase in spore diameter and thinning of hyphal diameter on NPs supplementation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of fungal growth showed presence of deflated and oblong spores in two fruiting strains of Ganoderma while Volvariella exhibited decreased sporulation. Further, hyphal thinning and branching was recorded in response to NP amendments in both the test mushrooms. Enhancement of protein content was observed on NP compared to bulk supplementation for all cultures, concentrations and hours of incubation except for TiO₂ NPs. Likewise, bulk and NP supplementations (at 100 mg L^-1) resulted in enhanced laccase activity with occurrence of laccase specific protein bands on SDS-PAGE analysis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.512-522
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• 1999

연구배경: 공여폐에 관류 후 보존 과정에서 야기될 수 있는 형태학적 변화와 재관류를 시행한 후 초래될 수 있는 폐조직의 변화를 광학 및 전자현미경으로 검색하여 폐이식 전후 과정에서 초래될 수 있는 폐 손상의 형태화적 변화를 관찰하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법: 실험 재료로는 한국산 성견 46마리를 사용하여 공여견과 수용견으로 나눈다음 공여견에서 폐관류, 폐보존 및 재관류 과정 후 폐조직을 각각 채취하여 형태학적 검색을 하였다. 결 과: 광학현미경 소견에서 폐관류에 의한 조직손상은 매우 경미하였다. 전자현미경 소견에서 폐포 모세혈관은 불규칙하고, 혈관 내피세포에 종창은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 폐보존 후에는 광학현미경 소견에서 폐포허탈과 경화가 폐관류 군에 비하여 더욱 뚜렷하게 보였고 부분적으로 폐간질 부위가 비후 되었다. 전자현미경 소견에서 폐포 허탈이 뚜렷하면서 I 형 폐포상피세포의 종창 및 파괴와 파괴산물이 폐포내로 유리되었고, 대식세포의 탐식이 현저하였다. 폐포 모세혈관 내피세포는 종창, 수포형성 및 혈관 내로 촉각모양 돌기를 관찰할 수 있었다. 재관류후 광학현미경 관찰에서 폐실질의 허탈과 경화가 뚜렷하여 저배율에서 쉽게 볼 수 있었고 폐포 구조의 심한 변형과 폐간질 조직의 비후가 현저하였다. 전자현미경 소견에서 I 형 폐포상피세포는 종창, 수포형성 및 파괴를 보였고 폐포 내로 파괴산물이 자주 보였다. II 형 상피세포의 세포질 내에는 다층판체의 수가 감소하고 내용물은 비어 있었다. 폐포모세혈관들은 그 형태가 매우 불규칙하였으며 내피세포에서 다수의 수포형성과 종창을 보였고, 혈관 내에는 파괴산물과 촉각모양 돌기가 뚜렷하게 보였다. 폐간질 부위는 종창으로 미만성 비후를 보였다. LPDG용액에 VP와 PGE1을 함께 사용한 군에서는 폐조직의 변화가 정미하였으나 MEC 용액에 VP와 PGE1을 사용한 군에서는 폐포 상피세포와 폐포 모세혈관 내피세포의 변화가 보다 현저하였다. 결 론: 이상의 실험 결과를 토대로 관류에 의한 폐조직 변화는 경미하였고, 보존 후에는 관류군에 비해서 폐조직 손상이 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 채관류 후에는 관류 및 보존 과정보다 훨씬 심한 형태학적 변화를 보였는데 이들 변화는 급성 폐손상의 초기 병변에 해당되었다. 따라서 공여폐에 사용할 적절한 보존액 개발과 함께 보존 및 재관류과정에서 초래되는 조직 손상을 최소화하는 기술 개발이 폐이식의 성공률을 높이는 데 중요한 요소가 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6191-6196
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• 2012

Aims and Background: Traditional chemotherapy strategies for human leukemia commonly use drugs based on cytotoxicity to eradicate cancer cells. One predicament is that substantial damage to normal tissues is likely to occur in the course of standard treatments. Obviously, it is urgent to explore therapies that can effectively eliminate malignant cells without affecting normal cells. Our previous studies indicated that ginsenoside $Rg_1$ ($Rg_1$), a major active pharmacological ingredient of ginseng, could delay normal hematopoietic stem cell senescence. However, whether $Rg_1$ can induce cancer cell senescence is still unclear. Methods: In the current study, human leukemia K562 cells were subjected to $Rg_1$ exposure. The optimal drug concentration and duration with K562 cells was obtained by MTT colorimetric test. Effects of $Rg_1$ on cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry and by SA-${\beta}$-Gal staining. Colony-forming ability was measured by colony-assay. Telomere lengths were assessed by Southern blotting and expression of senescence-associated proteins P21, P16 and RB by Western blotting. Ultrastructural morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: K562 cells demonstrated a maximum proliferation inhibition rate with an $Rg_1$ concentration of $20{\mu}\;mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 48h, the cells exhibiting dramatic morphological alterations including an enlarged and flat cellular morphology, larger mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes. Senescence associated-${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-Gal) activity was increased. K562 cells also had decreased ability for colony formation, and shortened telomere length as well as reduction of proliferating potential and arrestin $G_2$/M phase after $Rg_1$ interaction. The senescence associated proteins P21, P16 and RB were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: Ginsenoside $Rg_1$ can induce a state of senescence in human leukemia K562 cells, which is associated with p21-Rb and p16-Rb pathways.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1992

This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the parafollicular cells of rat following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. The head and neck region of the rat, under sodium thiopental anesthesia, was exposed to 3,000 rads or 6,000 rads of radiation in a single dose, respectively. The source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. The target to skin distance was 80 cm, and the dose rate was 200 rads/min. The rate of experimental groups were sacrificed on the 6th hour, 2nd and 6th day after X-ray irradiation. Pieces of the tissue taken from the thyroid gland were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde (0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and in 1% osmium tetroxide (0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow; 1. Two types of the parafollicular cells, according to their electron densities, were found, i. e., light cells and dark cells. 2. Three types of the parafollicular cells, according to their sizes of secretory granules were found, i.e., small granule cells ($85nm{\pm}20.1;64{\sim}102nm$), medium granule cells ($120nm{\pm}26.5;77{\sim}179nm$), and large granule cells ($165nm{\pm}25.7;128{\sim}189nm$). 3. The differential ultrastructural changes of the cells according to their cell types, i.e., dark and light cell, or small, medium and large granule cells, were hardly observed in the time and dose range covered by this study. 4. The morphological changes of the parafollicular cells were not pronounced after exposure to 3,000 rads of X-ray. 5. Swollen cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and partial cytolysis were observed after exposure to 6,000 rads of X-ray. 6. Above results suggest that the parafollicular cells showed the alterations of mitochondrial and granular endoplasmic reticular swelling, and partial cytolysis, but only in doses of 6,000 rads.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.189-193
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• 1999

장기간 투여된 불소가 흰쥐태아의 법랑모세포(ameloblast)에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 임신한 흰쥐에 100ppm, 200ppm 및 300ppm의 불소가 함유된 음용수를 3주간 투여하였으며, 대조군에는 불소가 함유되지 않은 증류수를 섭취시켰다. 생후 11일이 경과된 어린 흰쥐를 희생하여 하악절치를 발치한 후, 법랑모세포의 미세구조적 변화를 관찰하였다. 법랑모세포의 생활주기인 전분비대, 분비대, 성숙대에서 법랑모세포를 광학 및 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 실험군에서는 각 대의 법랑모세포에서 형태 및 구조적인 변형을 나타내었다. 즉, 미토콘드리아 기질 내에서 라멜라 형태의 동심원상의 구조가 평륜됨과 함께 조면소포체가 공포화되고 막성계의 유실로 붕괴가 관찰되었다. 특히 고농도 불소투여군에서는 법랑모세포사이에 세포막이 유실된 세포들이 관찰되었다. 따라서, 임신중인 흰쥐에 투여된 불소는 흰쥐태아의 치아발육과정에서 특히, 법랑질 형성에 관여하는 법랑모세포에 영향을 미쳐 전환주기에 변화를 주었고, 법랑모 세포의 미세구조적 및 형태적 변화를 야기하였다.