• Applied Microscopy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructural changes of the proximal epiphyseal plate of the femur in young chickens that had been treated with monosodium glutamate(MSG). Eighty 1-day old broiler chickens(Hubbard strain) were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received daily administration of MSG(3mg/g of body weight in 0.75% saline) per orally for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days, and were sacrificed with exanguination. The control group received an equal volume of 0.75% saline. For the transmission electron microscopy, the prehypertrophic cartilage zone of epiphyseal plate was cleaved, fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde(containing 0.2% ruthenium red), postfixed with 1 % osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon 812, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. For the scanning electron microscopy, the calcified zone of epiphyseal plate was cleaved and coated with gold palladium. The results obtained were as follows; 1. On transmission electron microscopic examination, the sacculation decreased from 12 day to 21 day MSG administrated groups, and the vesiculation decreased in 18 and 21 day MSG administrated groups in rough endoplasmic reticulum of chondrocytes in prehypertrophic cartilage zone. The ruthenium red binding particles in pericellular rim, territorial matrix and interterritorial matrix increased from 9 day to 21 day MSG administrated groups, but the crystalloid materials decreased. 2. On scanning electron microscopic examination, the trabecular formation and calcospherites of calcification zone decreased in 18 and 21 day MSG administrated groups. The resorption cavities widened from 15 day to 21 day MSG administrated groups.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1984

Morphological changes of the epithelium of the endometrium by prolonged treatment of $17{\beta}$-estradiol or progesterone in ovariectomized rats was studied at the ultrastructural level. The epithelium of the endometrium in ovariectomized rats was characterized by the appearance of a number of vacuoles which was contained with the membraneous structures, lipid droplets and the others. The epithelium was low cuboidal, and a few short microvilli were present at the cell surface. Secretory granules are rarely found. After estradiol treatment, the epithelium was high columnar in shape. The mitochondria was appeared throughout the cytoplasm, however, long or swelling mitochondria was often found. Golgi apparatus and rER were relatively well-developed. Relatively long and sparse microvilli were present at the cell surface. After progesterone treatment, the epithelium was characterized by the appearance of numerous vesicles at the apical region and numerous lipid droplets at the subnuclear region. At the cell surface a number of short and blunt microvilli were found. These data indicated that the endometrium was dependent on estrogen and progesterone for changes in both its morphological and functional state and suggested that each hormone exerted a unique effect on the epithelial cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2003

Ultrastructural changes of the male germ cells and structure of spermatozoa in Paralichthys olivaceus were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopes. The spermatogonium has a large nucleus with a single nucleus with a single nucleolus in the interphase. Primary spermatocytes are identified by the formation of the synaptonemal complex in the karyoplasm. The secondary spermatocytes are more concentrated and contains numerous cell organelle in the cytoplasm. The nucleus of spermatid in spermiogenesis is more condensed in the karyoplasm, and show spherical structure in shape. Mitochondria of the spermatids are observed in the lower portion of the nucleus. The spermatozoon consists of the head, mid piece and tail. The acrosome is not observed in the head. Axial filaments of the flagellum consists of nine pairs of the peripheral microtubules and one pair of the central microtubules.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of periodic acid thiocarbohy-drazide silver proteinate, physical development (PA-TCH-SP, -PD) stain to the seminiferous tubules for the ultrastructural studies of Sertoli cell column and Sertoli cell processes. In the Sertoli cell cloumn and Sertoli cell processes, high concentration of the reactive granules were observed under transmission electronmicroscope (TEM) after PA-TCH-SP-PD stain. Also some reactive granules were seen in the spermatogonium cytoplasm, clearly. These reactive granules specifically stained with PA-TCH-SP, -PD make the Sertoli cell column, Sertoli cell processes and spermatogonium cytoplasm easy to distinguish from nucleus of the germ cells, spermatocyte, spermatid and residual body which did not contain the reactive granules. This result indicates that the PA-TCH-SP, -PD stain is superior to other traditional electronic double stain methods for the ultrastructural studies of Sertoli cell.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cvs.Xanthi-nc and NC 82) plants infected with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were examined ultrastructurally. Local lesions produced by TMV were sunken and withered. The plants were subjected to temperature shift (TS), a method to produce programmed cell death (PCD), by placing the infected plants initially at high temperature (35$^{\circ}C$) for 2 days and then shifting them to greenhouse temperature (22-27$^{\circ}C$). As a result, expanded lesions around the original necrotic lesions were produced. The expanded area initially had no symptoms, but it withered and became necrotic 15 h after TS. No ultrastructural changes related to PCD were noted at 0 h after TS in Xanthi-nc tobacco tissues as well as in healthy and susceptible tobacco tissues infected with TMV, At 6 h after TS, chloroplasts were convoluted and cytoplasm began to be depleted; however no necrotic cells were found. At 17 h after TS, ground cytoplasm of affected cells was completely depleted and chloroplasts were stacked together with bent cell wall or dispersed in the intracellular space. Necrotic cells were also observed, containing virus particles in the necrotic cytoplasm. There were initially two types of symptoms in the expanded lesions: chlorosis and non-chlorosis (green). Abundant TMV particles and X-bodies were only found in the chlorotic tissue areas. These results suggest that PCD by TMV infection may start with the wilting of cells and tissues before necrotic lesion formation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.377-384
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• 2000

Background: Numerous studies of safe, long term preservation for lung transplantation have been performed using ex vivo models or in vivo single lung transplantation models. However, a safe preservation time which is applicable for clinical use is difficult to determine. We prepared LPDG solution for lung preservation study. In this study we examined the efficacy of LPDG(low potassium dextran glucose) solution in 24-hour lung preservation by using a sequential bilateral canine lung allotransplant model. Material and Method: Seven bilateral lung transplant procedures were performed using weight-matched pairs(24 to 25kg) of adult mongrel dogs. The donor lungs were flushed with LPDG solution and maintained hyperinflated with 100% oxygen at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for a planned ischemic time of 24 hours for the lung implanted first. After sequential bilateral lung transplantation, dogs were maintained on ventilators for 3 hours: arterial resistance were determined if the recipients hourly after bilateral reperfusion and compared with pretransplant-recipient values, which were used as controls. After 2hours of reperfusion, the chest X-ray, computed tomogram and lung perfusion scan were performed for assessmint of early graft lung function. Pathological examinations for ultrastructural findings of alveolar structure and endothelial structure of pulmonary artery were performed. Result: Five of seven experiments successfully finished the whole assessments after bilateral reperfusion for three hours. Arterial oxygen tension in the recipients was markedly decrased in immediate reperfusion period but gradually recovered after reperfusion for three hours. The pulmonary artery and pulmonary vascular resistance showed singificant elevation(p<0.05 versus control values) but also recovered after reperfusion for three hours(p<0.05 versus immediate period value). The ultrastructural findings of alveolar structure and endothelial structure of pulmonary artery showed reversible mild injury in 24 hours of lung perservation and reperfusion. Conclusion : This study suggests that LPDG solution provides excellent preservation in a canine model in which the dog is completely dependent on the function of the transplanted lung.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 1994

This study was carried out to determine effects of electrical stimulation on the soleus, target muscle of the sciatic newt, of white rat normal muscles. The biometric, histochemical, ultrastructural observations were made. The following results were obtained. A daily electrical stimulation of the skeletal muscle of the normally-functioning rat caused an increase of girth and weight of the muscle fibers for 2 weeks. No noticeable change was observed afterwards. More specifically, the density of volume of the red muscle fiber increased. whereas the density of the white muscle fiber decreased. The electrical stimulation group(experimental group) showed hypertrophy of the muscle fibers and narrowing of the space between perimysium and endomysium. Normally, glycogen granules are accumulated regardless of classification of muscle fibers. In addition, the NADH-TR reaction results were in agreement with the biometric findings, in that the red muscle fibers significantly increased. The ultrastructural observations revealed that mitochondria was formed in the red muscle fiber parallel to the muscle fibers of normal muscle, while mitochondria was observed in the sarcomere region of the white muscle fiber. However, activation of mitochondria took place in the sarcolemma region of the muscle fiber, and generation of mitochondria was observed in the sarcomere region of the white muscle fiber.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2001

Leaves of two developmental stages of Salsola species, young and mature, were examined to reveal the structural and functional relationships in the photosynthetic tissue using anatomical and ultrastructural criteria. Both young and mature leaves had Kranz anatomy of the Salsolid type with two layers of chlorenchyma on the leaf periphery: an outer layer of palisade mesophyll cells and an inner layer of compact bundle sheath cells with centripetally arranged organelles. The chlorenchyma was continuous in young leaves , while it was discontinuous in mature leaves. The main vascular bundle occupied the central position in the leaf. but the small peripheral vascular bundles were in contact with the chlorenchyma. Structural dimorphism of chloroplasts was obvious in bundle sheath cells of mature leaves exhibiting noticeable grana reduction, whereas mesophyll cell chloroplasts had well developed grana in all cases. Plasmodesmata were less numerous and rather simple in young leaves relative to well-developed secondary plasmodesmata of the later stage. According to the current data, features of two stages of Salsola leaves corresponded to NADP-ME bio-chemical subtype on the basis of photosynthetic cell ultrastructure. Implications of developing such anatomical and ultrastructural data of Sulsola species and biochemical characteristics reported in other C-4 species have been discussed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.253-266
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• 1996

To investigate the effects of mercuric chloride ($HgCl_2$) on the differentiation of the cerebral neuron of chick embryo 9 days, the ultrastructural changes in nerve cells injected with a various doses of mercuric chloride were observed with transmission electron microscope. The enzyme activity of the some dehydrogenases, cerebral proteins and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were also analyzed. The results obtained are as follows: The ultrastructural changes in 0.5 and 1.0mg-injected groups were undetectable, but in 2.0mg-injected group, the nuclear envelops were very irregular and mitochondria, were swelled and destroyed partly. The number of polypeptide bands separated by SDS-PAGE in the normal group were 37 bands. According to the in creased dose of mercuric chloride, contends of the bands were increased in 7 bands. The activities of dehydrogenases were declined by increasing the dose of mercuric chloride. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity failed to 78% in 1.0mg-injected group and greatly to 68% in 2.0 mg-injected group. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity failed to 81% in 2.0 mg-injected group. On the other hand, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity decreased to 80% in 1.0 mg-injected group and greatly to 63% in 2.0 mg-injected group. ATP content in 1.0 mg-injected group was increased slightly and in 2.0 mg-injected group was increased greatly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.501-510
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• 1992

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with coenzyme {{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}} on adriamycin-induced myocardial ultrastructural changes in rats. Except control group 6 treat-ments included three levels of dietary conenzyme {{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}} (0, 0.1 or 0.5g/kg diet) and two levels of ADR(1.0 or 2.0mg/kg B.W/week) Adriamycin treatment significantly decreased growth perfo-rmance of rats. But this decrement was not modified by dietary supplementation of coenzyme{{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}} Electron microscopic examination revealed a progression of myocardial lesions were depen-dent upon the level of ADR injection. The most frequently observed fin structural alterations in rat myocardium were mitochondrial swelling dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the appearance of a perinuclear vacuolication. But these structural changes were somewhat reduced by dietary supplementation of coenzyme {{{{ { Q}_{10 } }}}}.