• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.457-460
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• 2007

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is rare in dogs. Mainly functional solitary parathyroid adenoma causes hypercalcemia due to excessive autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PHP can be diagnosed based on serum calcium phosphorus, ionized calcium and PTH, and cervical ultrasound provides important information about the number size and location of parathyroidal lesion. Ultrasound guided intralesional ethanol injection has been used as an alternative to surgical treatment of PHP. In this case, PHP was diagnosed in 12 year-old Pug with clinicopathologic examination and cervical ultrasound, and the parathyroidal mass was ablated successfully through ultrasound guided ethanol injection.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2020

Purpose: In this study, we used ultrasonography to monitor the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) as a filler in the face for esthetic reasons. We monitored changes in the filler shape, distribution, and relationship with adjacent anatomical structures over a 180-day period. Materials and Methods: Two patients each received an ultrasound-guided injection of HA, with different products and application sites for each patient. In 1 patient, the injection was administered in the angle of the mandible, while in the other, it was administered in the zygomatic region. The injection sites were monitored via ultrasonography at 24 hours, 30 days, and 180 days, at which times the imaging characteristics of the filler were observed. All injections were performed by the same professional, as were the ultrasound exams, which were conducted using the same equipment. Results: In both cases, the HA fillers were visualized using ultrasound at all time points. Some differences were observed between the cases in the images and the distribution of the pockets of filler. In 1 case, the filler appeared as a dark hypoechoic region with well-defined contours, and the material was observed to have moved posteriorly by the 180-day mark. In the other case, the material appeared hyperechoic relative to the previous case and presented no noticeable changes in its anteroposterior distribution over time. Conclusion: Based on these 2 cases, ultrasonography can be a complementary tool used to monitor facial fillers over the long term, allowing for the dynamic observation of different fillers.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.291-294
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• 2013

There are various origins for chronic abdominal pain. About 10-30% of patients with chronic abdominal pain have abdominal wall pain. Unfortunately, abdominal wall pain is not thought to be the first origin of chronic abdominal pain; therefore, patients usually undergo extensive examinations, including diagnostic laparoscopic surgery. Entrapment of abdominal cutaneous nerves at the muscular foramen of the rectus abdominis is a rare cause of abdominal wall pain. If abdominal wall pain is considered in earlier stage of chronic abdominal pain, unnecessary invasive procedures are not required and patients will reach symptom free condition as soon as the diagnosis is made. Here, we report a case of successful treatment of a patient with abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome by ultrasound guided injection therapy.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2011

목적: 석회화 건염에 대해 외래진료 초음파를 이용한 견봉하 관절강 내 스테로이드 주사 치료를 시행함으로써 단기 통증완화 및 석회 결절 소실의 치료 효과를 맹검적 주사와 비교하여 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 1월부터 2005년 4월까지 내원한 126예의 환자에서 보존적 치료를 시행한 110예의 환자 중 맹검적 주사치료를 시행한 88예를 1군으로 하였으며, 2009년 1월부터 2010년 3월까지 내원한 123예의 환자에서 보존적 치료를 시행한 117예의 환자 중 초음파 유도주사치료를 시행한 102예를 2군으로 하였다. 두 군의 평균 나이는 각각 53세, 54세였으며 여자의 비율이 각각 77%, 85%를 차지하였다. 두 군에서 각각 1,3,6개월째 외래 추적 관찰하여 증상의 호전과 석회결절의 크기변화를 관찰하였으며 석회결절의 성상에 따라 주로 형성기를 나타낸 군과 주로 흡수기를 나타낸 군에서 증상호전과 석회결절 크기변화를 비교연구 하였다. 결과: 맹검적 주사치료를 받은 1군의 경우 49예(77%)에서 증상의 호전을 보였으며, 방사선적으로 석회결절의 완전소실을 볼 수 있었던 경우는 23명(36%)였고 불완전 소실은 11명(17%)였으며 석회결절 크기에 변화가 없었던 경우가 30명(47%)이었다. 초음파 유도 하 주사치료를 받은 2군에서는 86예(92%)에서 증상호전을 보였으며 방사선학적으로 석회결절의 완전 소실을 볼 수 있었던 경우는 25명(17%)였고 불완전 소실은 50명(63%)였으며, 석회결절 크기에 변화가 없었던 경우가 19명(20%)였다. 결론: 견관절 석회화 건염의 치료에서 초음파 유도 하 스테로이드 주사치료는 맹검적 치료에 비해 환자의 만족도를 높여 추시 관찰이 용이하였고, 효과적인 통증 감소 및 석회결절 소실 소견을 보여 보존적 치료 시 유용하게 적용할 수 있는 술식으로 생각한다.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2019

Objective: This study evaluated the feasibility of ultrasound-guided lumbar nerve root block (LNRB) and S1 nerve root block by identifying spread patterns via fluoroscopy in cadavers. Method: A total of 48 ultrasound-guided injections were performed in 4 fresh cadavers from L1 to S1 roots. The target point of LNRB was the midpoint between the lower border of the transverse process and the facet joint at each level. The target point of S1 nerve root block was the S1 foramen, which can be visualized between the median sacral crest and the posterior superior iliac spine, below the L5-S1 facet joint. The injection was performed via an in-plane approach under real-time axial view ultrasound guidance. Fluoroscopic validation was performed after the injection of 2 cc of contrast agent. Results: The needle placements were correct in all injections. Fluoroscopy confirmed an intra-foraminal contrast spreading pattern following 41 of the 48 injections (85.4%). The other 7 injections (14.6%) yielded typical neurograms, but also resulted in extra-foraminal patterns that occurred evenly in each nerve root, including S1. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided injection may be an option for the delivery of injectate into the S1 nerve root, as well as lumbar nerve root area.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

목적: 관절와상완 관절내 주사의 도달법에 있어서, 현재 임상에서 선호되고 있는 맹검 도달법에 의한 전방 도달법과 초음파 장비를 이용한 후방 도달법의 주사 정확도를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 견관절의 관절와상완 관절내 주사를 시행하였으며, 시술 전-후의 임상 경과에 관한 의무기록 및 초음파 영상의 확인이 가능한 연속적인 95예를 대상으로 하였다. 맹검법을 사용하여 전방 도달을 시행한 52예(I군), 초음파 장비를 이용하여 후방 도달을 시행한 43예(II군)였다. 후방 관절내에서 주사액의 존재가 초음파로 확인된 경우에 관절내 주사의 성공으로 판정하였다. 주사 주입전과 주사 후 2주의 견관절의 운동 범위를 측정하였다. 시술 후 2주 추시시 환자의 주관적인 증상 호전 정도를 기록하였다. 결과: 맹검 전방도달법(I군)에서의 관절내 주사의 정확도는 80.8%였으며, 초음파 유도하 후방 도달법(II군)에서의 성공률은 90.7%였다. 모든 환자에게서 관절와 상완 관절내 주사의 도달법에 상관 없이, 견관절의 운동 범위의 증가를 보였다. 시술 후 2주 추시 관찰 시, 양호 이상의 만족을 보인 환자는 73.7%(70/95)였다. 결론: 맹검법에 의한 전방 도달법을 이용한 관절와상완 관절내 주사의 성공률은 80.8%였다. 초음파 장비를 이용한 후방 도달법을 이용한 관절와상완 관절내 주사의 성공률은 90.7%였다. 동일한 시술자에 의한 두 가지 방법의 비교 연구에서, 초음파 유도하 후방 도달법이 보다 우월한 정확도를 보였다.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2009

목적: 견관절에 발생한 석회화 건염에 대해 초음파 감시하 다발성 천공술의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 어깨 통증으로 내원하여 견관절 석회화 건염을 진단받은 환자 중 초음파 감시하에 다발성 천공술을 시행받은 18예를 대상으로 하였고 추시 기간은 평균 17주 였다. 시술은 초음파 감시 하에 침착된 석회에 대한 흡인 혹은 다발성 천공을 시행하였고 인접 점액낭에 국소마취제와 스테로이드를 주입하였다. 임상적 평가는 시술 전과 최종 추시 시의 통증에 대한 시각점수척도(visual analogue scale), UCLA 점수(UCLA score)와 한국견관절 점수(KSS score)를 사용하여 평가하였고, 초음파상 평가는 석회 침착의 크기와 상태를 비교하였다. 결과: 시술 후 통증에 대한 시각척도점수와 UCLA 점수 및 한국견관절 점수는 모두 통계적으로 의미 있게 호전되었고(p<0.05), 침착 된 석회는 39%에서 거의 대부분 혹은 완전하게 소실되었으며, 61%에서는 크기가 감소하였다. 결론: 초음파를 이용한 다발성 천공술은 견관절의 석회화 건염에서 즉각적인 통증 조절과 임상 증상의 회복을 도모할 수 있으며 침착 된 석회를 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 판단된다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2018

Background: The study of conservative and surgical treatment of distal biceps tendinopathy and associated biceps tendon partial rupture. Methods: Twenty-one cases with distal biceps tendonitis and partial ruptures were studied who visited Pohang Semyeong Christianity Hospital from June 2010 to August 2017. The mean age was 57.1 years (39-69 years), 14 males and 7 females. The mean duration of symptom at the time of first visit was 4.9 months (0.2-14 months). Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed for patients with severe symptoms. According to the severity of the symptoms, splint immobilization, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and ultrasound-guided steroid injection were performed. Surgical treatment was performed if the patient did not respond to conservative treatment for 3 to 6 months or longer. Results: There were 9 cases of partial rupture of the distal biceps tendon associated with distal biceps tendinopathy on imaging studies. Conservative treatment showed symptomatic improvement in 16 of 21 cases. In 4 cases with a relatively mild symptom, anti-inflammatory analgesics and intermittent splinting showed good result. In 12 cases, symptoms improved after ultrasonography-guided steroid injection. Surgical treatment was performed on 5 cases that did not respond to conservative treatment. Conclusions: Conservative treatment of distal biceps tendinopathy may promise good results. However, in case of partial tear of the distal biceps tendon and refractory to conservative treatment, surgical treatment may be needed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2019

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate early clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) using a proximal approach, as compared with subacromial steroid injection (SA). Methods: This retrospective study included a consecutive series of 40 patients of SSNB and 20 patients receiving SA, from August 2017 to August 2018. The visual analogue scale (VAS), American Shoulder Elbow Surgeon's score (ASES), University of California, Los Angeles score (UCLA), the 36 health survey questionnaire mental component summary (SF36-MCS), physical component summary (PCS), and range of motion (forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation) were assessed for clinical evaluations. Results: Compared with the baseline, VAS, and ranges of motion in the SSNB group significantly improved at the 4-week follow-up (VAS scores improved from $6.7{\pm}1.6$ to $4.3{\pm}2.4$, p<0.001; all ranges of motion p<0.05), while other variables showed no statistically significant differences. All clinical variables were significantly improved in the SA group (p<0.05). However, all clinical scores at the 4-week follow-up showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided SSNB using proximal approach provides significant pain relief at 4-weeks after treatment, with statistically significant difference when compared with SA, suggesting that SSNB using proximal approach is a potentially useful option in managing shoulder pain. However, in the current study, it was less effective in improving shoulder function and health-related quality of life, compared with SA.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2023

Background: Ultrasound-guided first sacral transforaminal epidural steroid injection (S1 TFESI) is a useful and easily applicable alternative to fluoroscopy or computed tomography (CT) in lumbosacral radiculopathy. When a needle approach is used, poor visualization of the needle tip reduces the accuracy of the procedure, increasing its difficulty. This study aimed to improve ultrasound-guided S1 TFESI by evaluating radiological S1 posterior foramen data obtained using three-dimensional CT (3D-CT). Methods: Axial 3D-CT images of the pelvis were retrospectively analyzed. The radiological measurements obtained from the images included 1st posterior sacral foramen depth (S1D, mm), 1st posterior sacral foramen width (S1W, mm), the angle of the 1st posterior sacral foramen (S1A, °), and 1st posterior sacral foramen distance (S1ds, mm). The relationship between the demographic factors and measured values were then analyzed. Results: A total of 632 patients (287 male and 345 female) were examined. The mean S1D values for males and females were 11.9 ± 1.9 mm and 10.6 ± 1.8 mm, respectively (P < 0.001); the mean S1A 28.2 ± 4.8° and 30.1 ± 4.9°, respectively (P < 0.001); and the mean S1ds, 24.1 ± 2.9 mm and 22.9 ± 2.6 mm, respectively (P < 0.001); however, the mean S1W values were not significantly different. Height was the only significant predictor of S1D (β = 0.318, P = 0.004). Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided S1 TFESI performance and safety may be improved with adjustment of needle insertion depth congruent with the patient's height.