• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.388-394
• /
• 2017

Recently, coffee is the most popular beverage for modern people. A great number of substances are found in coffee beans and have been studied for many years such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds. However, studies on the physiological activity of coffee extracts are insufficient. This study was performed to determine the contents of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in coffee extracts according to the solvent and to investigate the physiological activity of coffee extracts. Coffee extracts were extracted by ultrasonication method with various types of solvents including distilled water, ethanol, and other organic solvents under $50^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$. The contents of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in coffee extracts were determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Also, cytotoxic and antioxidative effects of coffee extracts were evaluated with MTT and DPPH assays to analyze the physiological activity. As a result, it was confirmed that caffeine and chlorogenic acid contents were extracted in distilled water with the highest rate. Antioxidative activity was observed below 10-fold dilute of coffee extracts, however cytotoxicity was not observed. In conclusion, distilled water was the best solvent for extracting caffeine and chlorogenic acids from coffee bean with ultrasonication and these coffee extracts are less cytotoxic in human skin cell lines and have antioxidant effect.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2018

미세조류의 세포벽을 파쇄하여 지질을 추출하는 과정은 에너지를 많이 소비하는 과정으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 바이러스 감염을 통한 미세조류의 세포벽 파쇄 및 지질 추출법의 효율을 현재 사용되고 있는 마이크로파와 초음파를 이용한 추출법의 효율과 비교하였다. 바이러스 감염을 이용한 지질 생산율은 초음파 및 마이크로파의 생산율과 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 같은 양의 지질을 낮은 에너지와 비용으로 얻을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 클로렐라 바이러스 감염에 의한 미세조류 지질 추출법을 대량 생산 시설에 적용 시 바이오 디젤 생산 비용을 절감할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권8호
• /
• pp.1116-1123
• /
• 2020

Velvet antler (VA) is a historically traditional medicinal supplement and is well known in Asian countries for its pharmaceutical and health benefits. The objectives for this study were to optimize the hot water extraction (HWE) of VA for the Korean VA industry, and to determine the most effective pretreatment method among microwave (MW), ultrasonication (US), and enzymatic (EZ) techniques. Using response surface methodology, optimum extraction temperatures and times were determined by central composite design configuration based on extraction yield and sialic acid content. Various quality parameters of VA extract including yield, soluble solid, protein, and sialic acid contents were also compared with the conjunction of HWE and pretreatment. The yield and sialic acid content of VA extract were determined to be 40% and 0.73 mg/g, respectively, under an optimum temperature of 100℃ at 24 h of extraction time. The yields from VA extracts pretreated with MW, US, and EZ were 17.42%, 19.73%, and 29.15%, respectively. Among the tested commercial enzymes, pepsin was the most effective proteolytic enzyme and led to the highest yield (47.65%), soluble solids (4.03 °brix), protein (1.12 mg/ml), and sialic acid (3.04 mg/ml) contents from VA extract.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.623-635
• /
• 2021

The effect of deer antler extract on muscle differentiation and muscle atrophy were evaluated to minimize muscle loss following aging. Various deer antler extracts (HWE, hot water extract of deer antler; FE, HWE of fermented deer antler; ET, enzyme-assisted extract of deer antler; UE, extract prepared by ultrasonication of deer antler) were evaluated for their effect on muscle differentiation and inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 cells. Morphological changes according to the effect of antler extracts on muscle differentiation were confirmed by Jenner-Giemsa staining. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to muscle differentiation and atrophy were confirmed through qRT-PCR. In the presence of antler extracts, the length and thickness of myotubes and myogenin differentiation 1 (MyoD1) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) gene expression were increased compared to those in the control group (CON). Gene expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MyoD1, and myogenin, along with the muscle atrophy factors muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) upon addition of deer antler extracts to muscle-atrophied C2C12 cells was determined by qRT-PCR after treatment with AICAR. The expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a decreased in the groups treated with antler extracts compared to that in the group treated with AICAR alone. In addition, gene expression of MyoD1 and myogenin in the muscle atrophy cell model was significantly increased compared that into the CON. Therefore, our findings indicate that antler extract can increase the expression of MyoD1, Myf5 and myogenin, inhibit muscle atrophy, and promote muscle differentiation.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.118-118
• /
• 2018

인삼은 우리나라에서 오랜 역사동안 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 현재는 다양한 방법으로 홍삼과 흑삼으로 만들어 식품, 화장품, 의약품 등 다양한 방면으로 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서 시중에서 구매한 새싹삼(인삼새싹) 잎/줄기에 함유된 진세노사이드(Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rg3, Rh1) 함량을 높이기 위하여 증숙과 초음파 추출조건에 관한 연구를 수행하여 우수한 항노화 소재를 개발하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험은 새싹삼 잎/줄기를 증숙 온도와 시간의 조건에서 진세노사이드 함량이 가장 높은 조건을 선정하였으며, 선정된 조건의 새싹삼 잎/줄기에 파장과 출력에 대한 조건으로 초음파 추출을 진행하여 진세노사이드가 가장 높은 함량을 보이는 조건을 선정하였다. 그 결과 새싹삼 잎/줄기추출물(GSE; Ginseng Sprout Extract)의 진세노사이드 함량은 4.8 mg/g으로 확인되었으나 증숙공정을 통해 8.82 mg/g으로 함량이 증가되었으며, 상기 증숙된 새싹삼 잎/줄기에 초음파공정을 적용하여 추출한 새싹삼 잎/줄기초음파추출물(SU-GSE; Steaming & dry Ultrasonication-Ginseng Sprout Extract)에서는 최대 10.65 mg/g으로 함량이 증가되었다. 반면, 새싹삼 뿌리의 진세노사이드는 2.30 mg/g으로 확인되었으나 증숙공정을 통해 4.95 mg/g으로 함량이 증가되었으며, 초음파추출공정을 통해 최대 5.82 mg/g으로 함량이 증가된 것을 확인할 수 있었으나, 새싹삼 잎/줄기에 비해 진세노사이드 함량이 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 항노화 소재로의 활용가능성을 평가하기 위하여 새싹삼 잎/줄기추출물 GSE와 SU-GSE에 대한 세포생존률, 항산화 및 항노화에 대한 효능평가를 진행하였으며 GSE의 경우 $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 세포생존률이 82.4%를 보인 반면 SU-GSE에서는 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 101.8%의 세포 생존률을 보였다. 항산화 활성의 경우 GSE와 SU-GSE $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 각각 52%와 81%의 항산화 활성을 나타냄으로써 SU-GES의 조건에서 항산화 활성이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 항노화 활성에 대한 실험결과 MMP-1 유전자 발현에 대한 억제율을 비교한 결과 GSE와 SU-GES $100{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 각각 18%와 29%의 억제율을 보임에 항노화 소재로의 활용가능성을 확인하였다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.484-488
• /
• 2006

이상의 실험결과를 종합해보면 6-gingerol의 최적추출조건은 $30^{\circ}C$에서 80% 에탄올을 이용하여 추출함이 바람직하다고 여겨진다. 또한 용매만을 이용해서 추출하는 것보다 초음파를 도입하여 추출하는 것이 7% 정도 높은 결과를 얻는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 6-gingerol의 경우 분취크로마토그래피를 이용했을 때 비교적 높은 순도의 gingerol을 얻을 수 있었으며, F9 분획에서 $0.53\;mg/m{\ell}$의 6-gingerol를 얻었다. 6-gingerol의 항산화 활성은 아스코르브산의 95% 정도로 매우 높게 나타났다. 또한 항산화 활성을 나타내는 다른 물질이 포함되어 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.783-789
• /
• 2000

This study was focused on the optimal extracting conditions of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin as bioactive substance from green seaweed. Identification and quantification of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin were measured by headspace gas chromatography after conversion to dimethyl sulfide by treatment with saturated NaOH solution. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin was extracted through various processes (solvent extraction, ultrasonication, boiling and autoclaving) from Ulva pertusa. The content of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin extracted by autoclaving treatment showed higher than that of various extraction methods. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin content in extract of Ulva pertusa was 325,800 ng/g after autoclaving 121$^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin in exract of Ulva pertusa was comparative stable under low temperature. The retentions of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin content in extract of Ulva pertusa were 76.6~99.8% by incubation at 10~6$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Chemical decomposition of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin was observed under laboratory conditions at pH values higher than 9.5.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2020

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Ultrasonication-Assisted (UA) extraction on the functionality of the herbaceous biennial plant maca (Lepidium meyenii). The specific objectives include comparison of the antioxidant activities among various maca extracts, determination of the macamide B content of the extracts, and in vitro evaluation of maca on cell viability and creatine kinase (CK) activity. The antioxidant activities of the water, ethanol, and UA extracts were compared by determining the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the extracts. The macamide B content of maca extracts were analyzed by HPLC. The effects of the extracts on muscle cell viability and creatine kinase activity were also determined using C2C12 myoblasts. UA extraction significantly increased the total phenolic content (2.90 GAE ㎍/mg, p < 0.05), without affecting the flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity did not exhibit any statistical difference among the extracts. The ethanol and UA extracts exhibited significantly higher FRAP than the water extract (p < 0.05). The macamide B content of ethanol and UA extracts were 0.087 and 0.083 ㎍/mg, respectively. The water and UA extracts exhibited higher C2C12 muscle cell viability than the ethanol extract, and both extracts resulted in a significantly lower CK level than the H₂O₂-treated control group. This research suggests that the maca extract can protect muscle cells and serve as an antifatigue agent under oxidative stress conditions.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.11-25
• /
• 2013

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process suffers from emulsion instability problem. So far, emulsion produced by mechanical methods such as stirrer and homogenizer has big size and high emulsion breakage. This paper discussed the application of emulsion produced by sonicator to extract cadmium in a batch ELM system. The emulsions consist of N,N-Dioctyl-1-octanamine (trioctylamine/TOA), nitrogen trihydride (ammonia/NH4OH), sorbitan monooleate (Span 80), and kerosene as carrier, stripping solution, emulsifying agent, and organic diluent, respectively. Effects of comprehensive parameters on extraction efficiency of Cd(II) such as emulsification time, extraction time, stirring speed, surfactant concentration, initial feed phase concentration, carrier concentration, volume ratio of the emulsion to feed phase, and pH of initial feed phase were evaluated. The results showed that extraction efficiencies of Cd(II) greater than 98% could be obtained under the following conditions: 15 minutes of emulsification time, 4 wt.% of Span 80 concentration, 4 wt.% of TOA concentration, 15 minutes of extraction time, 250 rpm of stirring speed, 100 ppm of initial feed concentration, volume ratio of emulsion to feed phase of 1:5, and initial feed pH of 1.53.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.352-356
• /
• 2008

An analytical method has been developed for measuring chlorostyrenes in fish tissue sample. Extraction of chlorostyrenes from fish tissue was carried out by ultrasonication using acetone/n-hexane (5:2, v/v) mixture. Most of the lipids in the extract were eliminated by freezing-lipid filtration, prior to solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup. During freezing-lipid filtration, about 90% of the lipids extracted from the fish samples were easily removed without any significant losses of chlorostyrenes. For purification, SPE using Florisil was used for the rapid and effective cleanup. Quantification was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. Spiking experiments were carried out to determine the recovery, precision, and limits of detection (LODs) of the method. The overall recovery was above 80% in the spiked fish tissue sample at 10 and 100 ng/g levels, respectively. The detection limits for chlorostyrenes were ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 ng/g. This developed method is demonstrated to give efficient recoveries and LODs for detecting chlorostyrenes spiked into fish tissue with high lipid content.