• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2015

This study reports the influence of gadolinium (Gd) addition on mechanical and corrosion properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel. In all alloys produced, regardless of the initial Gd content, Gd-based inclusions were well distributed in the duplex stainless steel matrix. As the Gd content increased from 0 wt% to 0.19 wt%, the ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the alloy increased from 630 MPa to 977 MPa and from 57 to 61, respectively, while elastic modulus, tensile elongation and impact energy of the alloy decreased. The critical crevice temperatures of Alloy1, Alloy2 and Alloy3 were $20^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2011

To improve the low ductility and high strain-rate sensitivity in Sn-Bi based solder alloys, the influences of the minor additions of alloying elements (Ag, Mn, In) were investigated. The strain-stress curves of various Sn-40Bi(-X) alloys, including a pre-suggested Sn-40Bi-0.1Cu composition were measured using a tensile testing machine. As a result, the elongation and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values were compared. The small addition (0.5 wt.%) of Ag significantly enhanced the ductility and high strain-rate sensitivity of the alloys at strain rates of $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ mainly due to the increase and refinement of eutectic lamellar structures. The microstructure change increased the area of grain boundaries, thus ameliorating the grain boundary sliding mode. It was also found that Mn is an effective element in enhancing the ductility, especially at the strain rates of $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ The enhancement is likely attributed to the fine and homogeneous microstructure in the alloys containing Mn.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.765-777
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• 2022

Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) can be used in the UHPC-steel composite structures especially for bridge structures to achieve high stiffness and high fatigue resistance with low self-weight. The structural performances of UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to hogging moment have a significant influence on the global stiffness and durability of UHPC-steel composite structures. In order to study the structural behaviors of non-steam-cured UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to negative moment, five composite slabs combined the thin UHPC layers to steel plates via shear stud connecters with the diameter of 16mm were fabricated and tested under negative moment. The test program aimed to investigate the effect of stud spacing and longitudinal reinforcement ratios on the failure mode, load-deflection behaviors, cracking patterns, bond-slips, and carrying capacities of composite slabs subjected to negative moment. In addition, direct tensile tests for the dog-bone UHPC specimens with longitudinal reinforcement bars were carried out to study the effect of reinforcement bars on the tensile strength of UHPC in the thin structure members. Based on the experimental results, analytical models were also developed to predict the cracking load and ultimate load of UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to negative moment.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

최근에 오스테나이트와 페라이트의 조직을 갖는 듀플렉스계 스테인리스강이 개발되었고 오스테나이트계 스테인리스강에 비해 고강도, 응력부식균열에 대한 고내식성과 재료비절감으로 다양한 산업분야에서 사용량이 증가되고 있다. 그러나, 현재 스테인리스강은 한국 건축구조기준에 구조용재료로 지정되어 있지 않고 구조설계기준도 마련되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 2행 1열 듀플렉스계 스테인리스강(STS329FLD) 볼트접합부에 대한 구조적 성능을 조사하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 주요변수는 전단접합형태(일면전단과 이면전단)과 하중방향 연단거리이다. 종국파단형태는 전형적인 블록전단파단, 인장파단과 면외변형이 관찰되었다. 일면전단 접합부에서 면외변형발생으로 최대 20%까지 내력저하가 발생되었다. 실험최대내력은 현행설계기준 AISC/AISI/KBC, EC3와 AIJ 및 기존연구자에 의한 제안된 식에 의한 예측내력과 비교하였다. 면외변형이 발생하지 않은 접합부에 대해서 실제 전단파단단면을 고려한 Clement & The의 식에 의한 예측내력이 실험내력에 가장 근접했고 면외변형을 동반한 접합부에 대해서는 면외변형을 고려해 제안한 Kim & Lim식에 의해서 과대평가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.179-200
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• 2008

This paper reports the results of a recent experimental study into the behavior of welded fin-plate connections to both hollow and concrete filled tubular (CFT) columns under shear. Experiments have been performed at both ambient and elevated temperatures with the aid of an electric kiln. The observed failure modes include fracture of the fin plate and tearing out of the tube around the welds. By considering the results of previously published research, the current design method for similar connections under purely tensile load, in CIDECT Guide 9, based on a deformation limit of 3% of the tube width is shown to be inadequate when evaluating the ultimate strength of such connections. By comparing the results from the current test program which failed in the fin-plate with Eurocode guidance for failure of a fin-plate alone under shear and bending load it is shown that the column face influences the overall connection strength regardless of failure mode. Concrete in-fill is observed to significantly increase the strength of connections over empty specimens, and circular column specimens were observed to exhibit greater strength than similarly proportioned square columns. A finite element (F.E.) model, developed using ABAQUS, is presented and validated against the experimental results in order that extensive parametric tests may be subsequently performed. When validating the model against elevated temperature tests it was found that using reduction factors suggested in published research for the specific steel grades improved results over applying the generic Eurocode elevated temperature steel strength reduction factors.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

Submarine and deep sea diving structures are generally designed based on their ultimate strength. Fatigue strength at welded joint must be also taken into account because working stress is increased due to the increasing of diving depth and using high yield steel. The pressure hulls of submarine are subjected to fluctuating compressive loading. But in addition to the calculated stresses, high residual tensile stresses at welded part have to be considered. The state of stress level of pressure hull is tensile at surface and compressive at deep diving depth. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the crack initiation and growth at the weld toe of T welded joints of HY-100 steel plate under constant amplitude loading. It is also investigated the phenomenon of the fatigue failure and test methods. Fatigue tests have been using real scaled local structural models of full penetration T-welded joint, which is a part of the cylindrical shell structures reinforced by ring stiffeners. Several load ratios under constant amplitude loading are considered in the tests. Crack initiation and growth characteristics are examined based on the beach marks of the cracked section of the test specimens. A design stress-life curve including the design formula is suggested according to tested data.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study aimed to develop a copper-aluminium-nickel alloy which has properties comparable to that of dental alloys used for dental post and core applications with the reasonable cost. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixteen groups of experimental copper alloys with variants of 3, 6, 9, 12 wt% Al and 0, 2, 4, 6 wt% Ni were prepared and casted. Their properties were tested and evaluated. The data of thermal, physical, and mechanical properties were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (${\alpha}$=0.05). The alloy toxicity was evaluated according to the ISO standard. RESULTS. The solidus and liquidus points of experimental alloys ranged from $1023^{\circ}C$ to $1113^{\circ}C$ and increased as the nickel content increased. The highest ultimate tensile strength ($595.9{\pm}14.2$ MPa) was shown in the Cu-12Al-4Ni alloy. The tensile strength was increased as the both elements increased. Alloys with 3-6 wt% Al exhibited a small amount of 0.2% proof strength. Accordingly, the Cu-9Al-2Ni and Cu-9Al-4Ni alloys not only demonstrated an appropriate modulus of elasticity ($113.9{\pm}8.0$ and $122.8{\pm}11.3$ GPa, respectively), but also had a value of 0.2% proof strength ($190.8{\pm}4.8$ and $198.2{\pm}3.4$ MPa, respectively), which complied with the ISO standard requirement (>180 MPa). Alloys with the highest contents of nickel (6 wt% Ni) revealed a widespread decolourisation zone (5.0-5.9 mm), which correspondingly produced the largest cell response, equating positive control. CONCLUSION. The copper alloys fused with 9 wt% Al and 2-4 wt% Ni can be considered for a potential use as dental post and core applications.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호통권68호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

본 눈문은 C.F.T구조에서 폐단면인 각형강관기둥과 H형강보의 접합방법중의 하나인 외측형 다이아프램을 대상으로 한다. 본 연구에서의 내력평가는 기존의 단순인장형 접합부 실험결과를 기초로 항복선이론을 이용한 내력평가, 범용 유한요소해석 프로그램을 이용한 비선형 해석, 규준식 등을 통하여 수행되었다. 항복선이론은 수정된 K. Morita 역학모델을 이용하였고, 범용 유한요소해석프로그램은 Abaqus/Standard를 사용하였으며 비탄성 정역학적 유한요소해석을 하였다. 규준식에서의 최대내력 예측식은 장기하중에 대한 계수와 재질을 고려한 항복비를 적용하였으며, 규준식에서의 항복내력은 비충전형의 경우 2.6의 안전율을 갖는 값으로 하였고, 충전형의 경우 2.2의 안전율을 갖는 값으로 하였다. 연구결과, 본 연구에 사용된 기존의 단순인장형 접합부 내력평가는 항복선이론, 유한요소해석, 규준식을 통하여 모두 가능한 것으로 판단되며, 이들 중 규준식이 기존의 실험결과를 가장 과소평가하였다. 유한요소 해석결과에서의 내력과 변형모듈은 기존의 단순인장형 접합부 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.385-403
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• 2011

Continuous deep girders which transmit the gravity load from the upper wall to the lower columns have frequently long end shear spans between the boundary of the upper wall and the face of the lower column. This paper presents the results of tests and analyses performed on three 1:2.5 scale specimens with long end shear spans, (the ratios of shear-span/total depth: 1.8 < a/h < 2.5): one designed by the conventional approach using the beam theory and two by the strut-and-tie approach. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the yielding strength of the continuous RC deep girders is controlled by the tensile yielding of the bottom longitudinal reinforcements, being much larger than the nominal strength predicted by using the section analysis of the girder section only or using the strut-and-tie model based on elastic-analysis stress distribution. (2) The ultimate strengths are 22% to 26% larger than the yielding strength. This additional strength derives from the strain hardening of yielded reinforcements and the shear resistance due to continuity with the adjacent span. (3) The pattern of shear force flow and failure mode in shear zone varies depending on the amount of vertical shear reinforcement. And (4) it is necessary to take into account the existence of the upper wall in the analysis and design of the deep continuous transfer girders that support the upper wall with a long end shear span.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2017

Polyurethane/polyethylene glycol(PU/PEG) hybrid scaffolds with various concentrations of PEG (0 to 50wt%) were prepared by electrospinning to evaluate the mechanical properties and the biocompatibility of the PU/PEG blend scaffolds. The 12wt% PU/PEG polymers were studied due to the absence of beads. The ultimate tensile strength of 12wt% PU was $8.2{\pm}0.5MPa$. The strength increased to $9.2{\pm}0.7MPa$ when 10% PEG was added to PU. However, the dry and the wet strength of PU/PEG scaffolds began to decrease dramatically when the PEG content was more than 10wt%. No cytotoxicity was observed for all the PU/PEG scaffolds investigated, indicating that the PU/PEG hybrid scaffolds are clinically safe and effective to small-diameter vascular grafts. In addition, the L-929 cells attached and proliferated well on the PU/PEG hybrid scaffolds.