• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2014

이 논문은 새로운 수직 접합부와 현장타설 습식 접합부를 가진 T형 프리캐스트 벽체의 내진 성능에 관한 연구이다. 반복하중을 받는 T형 PC 벽체의 하중-변위 관계, 강도, 연성도, 파괴 모드, 그리고 변형 능력에 대해 알아보았다. 실험체 주요 변수는 전단력 전달을 위한 대각 철근의 유무이다. 벽체의 양단에 위치한 길이방향 주철근이 먼저 항복을 하였고 최종 변형은 C형 접합부의 파괴에 의해 결정되었다. 그리고 전단력 전달을 위한 대각 철근은 균열 제어에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 단면 해석을 통해 구한 강도와 변형은 실험값과 대체로 일치하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.577-592
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• 2017

A computing procedure is presented to predict the ultimate behavior of prestressed beams under torsion. This computing procedure is based on an extension of the Variable Angle Truss-Model (VATM) to cover both longitudinal and transversal prestressed beams. Several constitutive relationships are tested to model the behavior of the concrete in compression in the struts and the behavior of the reinforcement in tension (both ordinary and prestress). The theoretical predictions of the maximum torque and corresponding twist are compared with some results from reported tests and with the predictions obtained from some codes of practice. One of the tested combinations of the relationships for the materials was found to give simultaneously the best predictions for the resistance torque and the corresponding twist of prestressed beams under torsion. When compared with the predictions from some codes of practice, the theoretical model which incorporates the referred combination of the relationships provides best values for the torsional strength and leads to more optimized designs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.495-505
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• 2009

Bridges form crucial links in the transportation network especially in high seismic risk regions. This research aims to provide a quantitative methodology for post-earthquake performance evaluation of the bridges. The experimental portion of the research involved shake table tests of a 4-span bridge which was subjected to progressively increasing amplitudes of seismic motions recorded from the Northridge earthquake. As part of this project, a high resolution long gauge fiber optic displacement sensor was developed for post-seismic evaluation of damage in the columns of the bridge. The nonlinear finite element model was developed using Opensees program to simulate the response of the bridge and the abutments to the seismic loads. The model was modified to predict the bent displacements of the bridge commensurate with the measured bent displacements obtained from experimental analysis results. Following seismic events, the tangential stiffness matrix of the whole structure is reduced due to reduction in structural strength. The nonlinear static push over analysis using current damaged stiffness matrix provides the longitudinal and transverse ultimate capacities of the bridge. Capacity loss in the transverse and longitudinal directions following the seismic events was correlated to the maximum displacements of the deck recorded during the events.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.765-777
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• 2022

Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) can be used in the UHPC-steel composite structures especially for bridge structures to achieve high stiffness and high fatigue resistance with low self-weight. The structural performances of UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to hogging moment have a significant influence on the global stiffness and durability of UHPC-steel composite structures. In order to study the structural behaviors of non-steam-cured UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to negative moment, five composite slabs combined the thin UHPC layers to steel plates via shear stud connecters with the diameter of 16mm were fabricated and tested under negative moment. The test program aimed to investigate the effect of stud spacing and longitudinal reinforcement ratios on the failure mode, load-deflection behaviors, cracking patterns, bond-slips, and carrying capacities of composite slabs subjected to negative moment. In addition, direct tensile tests for the dog-bone UHPC specimens with longitudinal reinforcement bars were carried out to study the effect of reinforcement bars on the tensile strength of UHPC in the thin structure members. Based on the experimental results, analytical models were also developed to predict the cracking load and ultimate load of UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to negative moment.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.149-160
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• 1999

본 논문은 고강도 콘크리트기둥에 대한 설계방법을 검증하는 연구의 일부로서, 보통강도 및 고강도 콘크리트기둥시편에 대하여 편심하중의 재하실험을 수행하여 파괴거동을 관찰하고 기둥강도를 측정하였다. 기둥시편은 모두 32개로 콘크리트 압축강도, 종방향 철근비, 세장비, 재하편심을 실험의 주요변수로 선정하였다. 콘크리트 압축강도는 356~951 kg/$cm^$ 이며, 종방향철근비는 1.13~5.51 %, 세장비는 19, 40, 61의 3 종류로 하였다. ACI의 직사각형 응력블럭, Ibrahim과 MacGregor의 수정된 직사각형 응력블럭, 사다리꼴 응력 블럭을 이용한 기둥강도해석과 축력-모멘트-곡률해석을 통한 기둥강도해석을 수행하였으며, 실험결과와 비교분석하였다. 현시방서에서 적용하고 있는 직사각형 응력블럭은 철근비가 낮은 고강도 콘크리트기둥에 대하여 비안전측의 축력-모멘트강도를 제공한다. 축력-모멘트-곡률해석을 통한 기둥강도해석시에는 콘크리트 응력-변형률곡선의 최대응력을 결정하는 $k_3$ 값에 따라 정확성 및 안전성이 좌우된다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 재하실험을 통한 기둥의 파괴거동, 압축연단 극한변형률, 응력블럭변수 등을 비교분석하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.563-582
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• 2021

The present study experimentally and analytically investigated the push-out behaviour of H-shaped steel section embedded in ultrahigh-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). The effect of significant parameters such as the concrete types, fibre content, embedded steel length, transverse reinforcement ratio and concrete cover on the bond stress, development of bond stress along the embedded length and failure mechanism has been reported. The test results show that the bond slip behaviour of steel-UHPFRC is different from the bond slip behaviour of steel-normal concrete and steel-high strength concrete. The bond-slip curves of steel-normal concrete and steel-high strength concrete exhibit brittle behaviour, and the bond strength decreases rapidly after reaching the peak load, with a residual bond strength of approximately one-half of the peak bond strength. The bond-slip curves of steel-UHPFRC show an obvious ductility, which exhibits a unique displacement pseudoplastic effect. The residual bond strength can still reach from 80% to 90% of the peak bond strength. Compared to steel-normal concrete, the transverse confinement of stirrups has a limited effect on the bond strength in the steel-UHPFRC substrate, but a higher stirrup ratio can improve cracking resistance. The experimental campaign quantifies the local bond stress development and finds that the strain distribution in steel follows an exponential rule along the steel embedded length. Based on the theory of mean bond and local bond stress, the present study proposes empirical approaches to predict the ultimate and residual bond resistance with satisfactory precision. The research findings serve to explain the interface bond mechanism between UHPFRC and steel, which is significant for the design of steel-UHPFRC composite structures and verify the feasibility of eliminating longitudinal rebars and stirrups by using UHPFRC in composite columns.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2015

This article presents a theoretical parametric analysis on the ultimate torsional behaviour of axially restrained reinforced concrete (RC) beams. This analysis is performed by using a computing procedure based on a modification of the Variable Angle Truss Model. This computing procedure was previously developed to account for the influence of the longitudinal compressive stress state due to the axial restraint conditions provided by the connections of the beams to other structural members. The presented parametric study aims to check the influence of some important variable studies, namely: torsional reinforcement ratio, compressive concrete strength and axial restraint level. From the results of this parametric study, nonlinear regression analyses are performed and some design charts are proposed. Such charts allow to correct the resistance torque of RC beams (rectangular sections with small height to width ratios) to account for the favorable influence of the axial restraint.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.367-380
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• 2005

Recent earthquakes have shown that many of existing buildings in Iran sustain heavy damage due to defective seismic details. To assess vulnerability of one common type of buildings, which consists of low rise framed concrete structures, three defective and three standard columns have been tested under reversed cyclic load. The substandard specimens suffered in average 37% loss of strength and 45% loss of energy dissipation capacity relative to standard specimens, and this was mainly due to less lateral and longitudinal reinforcement and insufficient sectional dimensions. A relationship has been developed to introduce variation of plastic length under increasing displacement amplitude. At ultimate state, the length of plastic hinge is almost equal to full depth of section. Using calibrated hysteresis models, the response of different specimens under two earthquakes has been analyzed. The analysis indicated that the ratio between displacement demand and capacity of standard specimens is about unity and that of deficient ones is about 1.7.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.233-250
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• 2011

An experimental study has been carried out to reveal the shear-bond failure mechanism of composite deck slabs. Thirteen full scale simply supported composite slabs are studied experimentally, with the influence parameters like span length, slab depth, shear span length and end anchorage provided by steel headed studs. A dozen of strain gauges and LVDTs are monitored to capture the strain distribution and variation of the composite slabs. Before the onset of shear-bond slip, the longitudinal shear forces along the span are deduced and found to be proportional to the vertical shear force in terms of the shear-bond strength in the m-k method. The test results are appraised using the current design procedures. Based on the partial shear-bond connection at the ultimate state, an improved method is proposed by introducing two reduction factors to assess the moment resistance of a composite deck slab. The new method has been validated and the results predicted by the revised method agree well with the test results.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1987

피로하중(疲勞荷重)을 받는 RC 구조물은 정하중(靜荷重)을 받는 경우에 비(比)하여 큰 변형율(變形率)과 미세균열(微細龜裂)을 수반하게 된다. 계속되는 반복하중(反復荷重)으로 인하여 균열(龜裂)은 진전(進展)하게 되고 이러한 균열부(龜裂部)의 응력집중(應力集中)은 스터럽과 인장철근(引張鐵筋)의 변형율(變形率)을 계속 증가(增加)시키게 되어 결과적(結果的)으로 RC 구조물은 파괴(破壞)단계에 이르게 된다. 스터럽의 변형율(變形率)은 사인장균열(斜引張龜裂)이 발생(發生)하면서 급격한 증가(增加)를 보이게 되며 이와 같은 스터럽의 평균변형율(平均變形率)은 반복회수(反復回數)(N)의 증가(增加)에 따라 logN에 비례함을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 RC 구조물의 파괴(破壞)는 콘크리트의 균열성장(龜裂成長)과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 또한, RC 구조물의 피로수명(疲勞壽命)을 100만(萬) cycle로서 볼 때 이에 대한 피로강도(疲勞强度)는 정적극한강도(靜的極限强度)의 약 60~70% 정도로 알려져 있다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 사용(使用)된 RC 구조물의 피로강도(疲勞强度)는 약 70%로서 기존의 연구결과(硏究結果)와 잘 부합됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 RC 구조물이 이보다 높은 피로하중(疲勞荷重)을 받게되면 피로수명(疲勞壽命)은 훨씬 짧아지게 되며, 이와 같이 피로하중(疲勞荷重)과 피로수명(疲勞壽命)과의 관계는 서로 반비례(反比例)함을 확인할 수 있었다.