• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.135-142
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• 2007

Icon conveys symbolic information which they have become ubiquitous as main element of GUI. However, users often cannot intuitively understand its functional meanings. Icon has to be designed for users to easily understand functional meanings. In order to evaluate icon, the spreading activation model can be used to effectively understand the process of information retrieval. In asymmetric spreading activation model is that in the two nodes the degree of spreading activation is different according to direction. Thus, asymmetric spreading activation theory was performed evaluating the strength of association when users see visual image to associate their verbal meaning (visual image - verbal meaning pair) and users see verbal meaning to associate their visual image (verbal meaning - visual image pair). According to the direction, this study hypothesizes that the well-designed icons have symmetric relationship rather than asymmetric relationship between the two pairs. The strength of association is measured through the reaction time and the accuracy rate. In performing SAT (spreading activation test), the ten icons were selected as word processing software icons. After first SAT, newly designed icons were developed based on Korean mental model, and second SAT was conducted using them. The results showed that the accuracy rate of newly designed icon has been improved. Also there is significant difference of reaction time between current icons and newly designed icons. Well-designed icon is confirmed that the strength of association relationship arises symmetrically rather than asymmetrically between the two pairs. User centered icons could be designed by improving the strength of association between the two pairs. Asymmetric SAT evaluates the strength of the association between the visual image and the verbal meanings to contribute to the development of icon which it related to human's association structure.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.904-910
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• 2002

Surface alloying using TiC, $TiB_2$ and VC ceramic particles on carbon steel has been performed using high voltage electron beam. Each type of ceramic particles was mixed with flux of Al and $MgF_2$ in 1 to 4 ratio. The microstructures of the surface alloyed layers consisted of melted region, interface region. heat affected region and the unaffected matrix. The surface layer of the TiC surface alloyed had a cubed primary and a eutectic type of TiC. $TiB_2$ in surface layer of $TiB_2$ surface alloyed were incompletely melted with$ TiB_2$ particles as observed before the alloying. On the surface layer of the VC surface alloyed, very well defined cell structure was observed with VC on the cell boundary. In addition, ~50 nm in diameter VC particles in high density were ubiquitous in the matrix. Those fine VC particles prominently improved the hardness and wear resistance of the surface layer of the VC surface alloyed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.954-957
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• 2007

The u-SCM to persue unification of the whole Supply Chain through ubiquitous computing and technical interface is raised its head for enterprise to secure endless competitive advantage and grow up constantly. This can be especially a matter of primary concern for business process elevation on various industry. The other side, The Traceability Service propelled both nationally and internationally is propelled specific industry to offer visibility and traceability of each manufacture on supply chain related to induce RFID, but standard Traceability Service Architecture isn't decided yet. This paper propose Model of Product Traceability Service which is based on EPCglobal Network to be the whole world standard architecture for the sake of efficient and perfect manufacture management on entire supply chain based on RFID.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.6B
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• pp.585-594
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• 2009

Efficient filtering is an important factor in RFID system performance. Because of huge volume of tag data in future ubiquitous environment, if RFID readers transmit tag data without filtering to upper-layer applications, which results in a significant system performance degradation. In this paper, we provide an efficient filtering technique which operates on RFID air protocol. RFID air protocol filtering between tags and a reader has some advantages over filtering in readers and middleware, because air protocol filtering reduces the volume of filtering work before readers and middleware start filtering. Exploiting the air protocol filtering advantage, we introduce a geometrical algorithm for generating air protocol filters and verify their performance through simulation with analytical time models. Results of dense RFID reader environment show that air protocol filtering algorithms reduce almost a half of the total filtering time when compared to the results of linear search.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Object-based image matching algorithms have been widely used in the image processing and computer vision fields. A variety of applications based on image matching algorithms have been recently developed for object recognition, 3D modeling, video tracking, and biomedical informatics. One prominent example of image matching features is the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) scheme. However many applications using the SIFT algorithm have implemented based on stand-alone basis, not client-server architecture. In this paper, We initially implemented based on client-server structure by using SIFT algorithms to identify and match objects in biomedical images to provide useful information to the user based on the recently released Mobile platform. The major methodological contribution of this work is leveraging the convenient user interface and ubiquitous Internet connection on Mobile device for interactive delineation, segmentation, representation, matching and retrieval of biomedical images. With these technologies, our paper showcased examples of performing reliable image matching from different views of an object in the applications of semantic image search for biomedical informatics.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1245-1258
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• 2012

This study is about development of technology for electronic government of S. Korea with cloud computing analysed by the application of scenario planning. As a society of knowledge and information has been developed rapidly, because of changing from web environment to ubiquitous environment, a lot of countries across the world as well as S. Korea for e-Government have a variety of changes with cloud computing service. So this research focused on the strategy consulting of e-Government of S. Korea with development of cloud computing technology analysed by the application of 'scenario planning' as a foresight method. As a result, the future policy for development of cloud computing technology for electronic government of S. Korea is to further spur the development of technology for hard ware and internet data center as SLA(Service Level Agreement) and service provisioning, more improvement of level of technology with soft ware solution as resource virtualization, open API(Application Programming Interface).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.4 s.36
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

With the development of wearable(ubiquitous) computers, those traditional interfaces between human and computers gradually become uncomfortable to use, which directly leads to a requirement for new one. In this paper, we study on a new interface in which computers try to recognize the gesture of human through a digital camera. Because the method of recognizing hand gesture through camera is affected by the surrounding environment such as lighting and so on, the detector should be a little sensitive. Recently, Viola's detector shows a favorable result in face detection. where Adaboost learning algorithm is used with the Haar features from the integral image. We apply this method to hand area detection and carry out comparative experiments with the classic method using skin color. Experimental results show Viola's detector is more robust than the detection method using skin color in the environment that degradation may occur by surroundings like effect of lighting.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.201-210
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• 2004

The web as a sign synthesis text has become a kernel for incorporeal knowledge as well as a communication model through the ubiquitous environment all over the world. The evaluation of the communication model, which is essential for the information structure, acts as an important basis on determining the quality of the web contents. In this study, the development of the progress of the communication of semantic meaning in the construction of the information structure was analyzed in views of the form, the function, and the emotional effect of the rich media contents of the web. The transformation process from the initial access elements through the final selection elements was suggested as the communication model and the effects of the function of the information in the web on the process was assessed by the engineering and linguistic models of Shannon, Weaver, and Roman Jakobson. The results of this study showed that the environments such as the speed, the memory space, data compression technique, and data filtering have influences on the web contents expression and the evaluation of the communication model in connection with the environments is the basis in the information structure.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 2004

Mobile devices such as mobile phones or PDAs are considered as main interlace tools in ubiquitous computing environment. For searching information in mobile device, it should be possible for user to input some text as well as to control cursor for navigation. So, we should find efficient interlace method for text input in limited dimension of mobile devices. This study intends to suggest a new approach to mobile interaction using camera based virtual keyboard for text input in mobile devices. We developed a camera based virtual keyboard prototype using a PC camera and a small size LCD display. User can move the prototype in the air to control the cursor over keyboard layout in screen and input text by pressing a button. The new interaction method in this study is evaluated as competitive compared to mobile phone keypad in left input efficiency. And the new method can be operated by one hand and make it possible to design smaller device by eliminating keyboard part. The new interaction method can be applied to text input method for mobile devices requiring especially small dimension. And this method can be modified to selection and navigation method for wireless internet contents on small screen devices.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.129-137
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• 2019

Ubiquitous computing technology is emerging as information technology advances. In line with this, a number of studies are being carried out to increase device miniaturization and user convenience. Some of the proposed devices are user-friendly and uncomfortable with hand-held operation. To address these inconveniences, this paper proposed a virtual button that could be used in watching television. When watching a video on television, a camera is installed at the top of the TV, using the fact that the user watches the video from the front, so that the camera takes a picture of the top of the head. Extract the background and hand area separately from the filmed image, extract the outline to the extracted hand area, and detect the tip point of the finger. Detection of the end point of the finger produces a virtual button interface at the top of the image being filmed in front, and the button activates when the end point of the detected finger becomes a pointer and is located inside the button.