• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2013

Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation induces the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are responsible for the degradation or synthesis inhibition of collagenous extracellular matrix in connective tissues, causing skin photoaging. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of MMP-1 expression of yam extract in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$)-stimulated human dermal fibroblast neonatal (HDFn) cell and preventive effect of UVB-induced damage in hairless mice skin. The synthesis of procollagen and the release of MMP-1 in HDFn cells were measured by EIA kit and MMP-1 assay kit, respectively. UVB radiation was applied to the backs of the mice three times a week for 8 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into three groups, and were topical application with the Dioscorea batatas (DB, 6%) or vehicle. Reduction of TNF-${\alpha}$-induced procollagen synthesis was increased by DB (50 ug/ml), which was higher than positive control group (TGF-${\beta}$). Also, pre-treatment of HDFn cells with DB inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced release of MMP-1. In vivo study, we found that preventive effect of DB against UV-induced epidermal thickness. DB suppressed the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 induced by UVB irradiation. Our results show that DB have preventive effect of UV-induced skin damage in hairless mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2018

Background: Compound K (CK) is a ginsenoside, a metabolite of Panax ginseng. There is interest both in increasing skin health and antiaging using natural skin care products. In this study, we explored the possibility of using CK as a cosmetic ingredient. Methods: To assess the antiaging effect of CK, RT-PCR was performed, and expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and type I collagen were measured under UVB irradiation conditions. The skin hydrating effect of CK was tested by RT-PCR, and its regulation was explored through immunoblotting. Melanin content, melanin secretion, and tyrosinase activity assays were performed. Results: CK treatment reduced the production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in UVB irradiated NIH3T3 cells and recovered type I collagen expression level. Expression of skin hydrating factors-filaggrin, transglutaminase, and hyaluronic acid synthases-1 and -2-were augmented by CK and were modulated through the inhibitor of ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway. In the melanogenic response, CK did not regulate tyrosinase activity and melanin secretion, but increased melanin content in B16F10 cells was observed. Conclusion: Our data showed that CK has antiaging and hydrating effects. We suggest that CK could be used in cosmetic products to protect the skin from UVB rays and increase skin moisture level.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-aging effects on cultured human keratinocytes with Nelumbo nucifera extracts. Methods : Each parts of leaves, flowers and stamen were extracted with water or 70% ethanol. These extracts were tested for cell viability on HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte line) by MTT assay. We investigated the effects of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation on cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in cultured skin keratinocytes. Results : The ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera flowers showed maximun cell viability as 111.39% in 30 ug/ml concentration. The water extracts of stamen, flowers, leaves showed cell viability as 107.12, 101.65, 101.46%, respectively. HaCaT keratinocytes were survived 63.06% at $20mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation. The cell membrane lipid peroxidation was measured by accumulation malondialdehyde (MDA). The levels of MDA were decreased by the ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera flowers and the water extracts of stamen. Conclusions : These finding suggest that the ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera flowers prevent anti-aging effects on cultured human keratinocytes during UVB irradiation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2014

To investigate the anti-photoaging effect of fermented Red Ginseng(RG) in SKH-1 mice. We examined the effects of extracts of non-fermented RG(NRG group), fermented RG(FRG group) and fortified fermented RG(FFRG group) on skin wrinkles formation, histological changes related to the number of epidermal cell layers, epidermal thickness, neutrophil infiltration into dermis, degradation of collagen fibers, and the number of mast cells, and immunohistochemical changes related to cytokines and enzymes in photoaging skin caused by UVB irradiation of SKH-1 mice. The oral administration(300 mg/Kg B.W./day) and topical application($100{\mu}{\ell}/mouse/day$) of extracts of NRG, FRG and FFRG inhibited increases in epidermal thickness and wrinkle formation compared to control group in dorsal skin induced by UVB irradiation. We observed more increased stainability of acid fuschin and aniline blue in dermis of FFRG group than those of other groups. Furthermore, NRG, FRG and FFRG prevented the disruption of collagen fibers within papillary layer of dermis, and decreased number of mast cells in the dorsal skins induced by UVB irradiation. We observed fine wrinkle formation in FFRG group. Treatment with NRG, FRG and FFRG decreased immunohistochemical density of myeloperoxidase related to inflammation in the photoaging skin. We observed more decreased immunohistochemical density of myeloperoxidase in FFRG group than those of other groups. Immunohistochemical density of PCNA and Ki-67 in FFRG group was more decreased than those of other groups. Our study suggests that fermented red ginseng extracts participates in inhibitory effects in the morphological processes related to photoaging skin on UVB irradiated SKH-1 mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.785-790
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• 2004

Kimchi is well known as a traditional Korean food containing various antioxidative compounds and it has been demonstrated that dietary kimchi inhibit the tissue oxidation and aging in many related studies. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the most potent among the many related factor to skin photo-aging. This experiment is designed to elucidate the inhibitory effect of solvent fractionation of various kimchi on UVB induced oxidation and erythema formation. Among solvent fractions, phenol content mostly existed in dichloromethane / ethylacetate fraction of buchu kimchi, dichloromethane fraction of Korean cabbage kimchi and ethylacetate / dichloromethane fraction of mustard leaf kimchi. Free radical scavenging activities were higher in dichloromethane and ethylacetate fraction from buchu kimchi, dichloromethane fraction from Korean cabbage kimchi, and ethylacetate fraction from mustard leaf kimchi. When the damage of photo-oxidation by UVB irradiation was tested in the presence of solvent fractions of kimchi, dichloromethane / ethylacetate fraction of buchu kimchi, ethylacetate fraction from Korean cabbage and from mustard leaf kimchi showed the higher protective activities than others. The erythema formations which were induced by UVB irradiation were decreased in solvent fractions of kimchi that hate higher antioxidant activities. In conclusion, kimchi solvent fractions having antioxidant compounds mostly inhibited photo-oxidation and erythema formation by UV-irradiation, therefore kimchi consumption can retard skin aging due to the presence of antioxidative compounds.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.217-225
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• 1992

This research was carried out to determine the 25-Hydroxyvitamin $D_3$[25(OH)$D_3$] content in liver of broiler Hubbard chicks fed vitamin VD-deficient diet for 31 days in a subdued light room and exposed to UVB light (maximum intensity at 297nm) with dose of 0.204 or 0.408 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$(30 or 60 min irradiation) . The lipid in liver collected at 0~138 hr after irradiation was extracted by chloroform-methanol(2：1, v /v) and 25(OH)$D_3$ fraction was separated by Sep-Pak silica cartridge. The 25(OH)$D_3$ concentration was measured by normal phase HPLC. The negative control chicks Presented 25(OH)D$_3$17.5 ng/g liver. When 0.204mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was treated to whole body of chicks, the 25(OH)$D_3$ level was increased to 37.8 ng/g at 12 hr after irradiation, the peak concentration, 40.5 ng /g was appeared at the time of 86 hr, and decreasing trend was shown thereafter until 138 hr, the final time in this study. When 0.408 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was applied, the 25(OH)$D_3$ content was 36.7 ng /g liver at 12 hr, 61.4 ng/g(maximum value ) was appeared at 42 hr, and 39.5 ng /g at 138 hr. The increased absolute amounts in liver 25(OH)$D_3$ were 23 and 43.9 ng/g as chicks were exposed to UVB light with dose of 0.204 and 0.408mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Consequently, it was found that when double dose of UVB light was irradiated to the chicks, their liver samples produced nearly double 25(OH)$D_3$ at 42 hr after exposure, and the peak value was presented earlier by 24 hr than that in the low dose treatment.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.337.3-338
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• 2002

UV-B irradiation increases the synthesis of matrixmetalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) that degrades skin collagen in human skin. In this work, we investigated the photoprotective effect of decursinol angelate (DEA) extracted Irom Angelica gigas on human skin libroblasts. DEA inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 induction, which was conlirmed by western blot and ELISA. We examined upstream signal transduction pathway and the action mechanism of DEA on UVB induction of MMp in human skin fibroblasts. (omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.528-532
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the collagen metabolism and tyrosinase activity of Meretrix extracts (ME). The effect of ME on type I procollagen production and collagenase activity in human normal fibroblasts HS68 after UVB (312 nm) irradiation was measured by ELISA method. The tyrosinase activity after treatment of ME was measured as well. Type I procollagen production was recovered by ME in UVB damaged HS68 cells. The increased collagenase activity after UVB damage was significantly recovered by ME. The tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation were significantly reduced as well. However, the effects on tyrosinase activity and L-DOPA oxidation were not powerful enough to be used as whitening agents. ME showed the anti-wrinkle effects and some whitening effects in vitro. These results suggest that ME may be a useful drug as an anti-wrinkle treatments.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.485-487
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• 2002

Cells receive signals for survival as well as death, and the balance between the two ultimately determines the fate of the cells. UV-triggered apoptotic signaling has been well documented, whereas UV-induced survival effects have received little attention. We have reported previously that UVB irradiation prevented apoptosis, which was partly dependent on activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)/ Akt pathway. In this study, anti-apoptotic effects of UV with different wavelength ranges, UVA, UVB and UVC, were examined. NIH3T3 cells showed apoptotic cell death by detachment from the extracellular matrix under serum-free conditions, which was prevented by all wavelengths. However, the effect of UVA was less than those of UVB and UVC. Reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activation of caspase-9 and -3 were suppressed by all three wavelengths of UV, showing wavelength-dependent effects as mentioned above. The PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin partially inhibittrl the UVB and UVC-induced suppression of apoptosis, but not the inhibitoty effect of UVA. The Akt phosphotylation by UVB and UVC was completely inhibittrl by addition of wortmannin, but that by UVA was not P38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 partially inhibited the UVB and UVC-induced suppression of apoptosis and Akt phosphotylation, and completely inhibited UVA-induced those. These results suggested the existence of two different survival pathways leading to suppression of apoptosis, one for UVA that is independent of the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway and dependent on p38 MAP kinase, and the other for UVB and UVC that is dependent on both pathways.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2014

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation alters multiple molecular pathways in the skin, thereby inducing skin damage, including photoaging. In recent years, probiotics have gained interest due to their beneficial effects on skin health, such as inhibiting atopic dermatitis and improving skin immunity or inflammation. However, little is known about the effects of probiotics on UVB-induced photoaging. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts and hairless mice. The results showed that L. plantarum HY7714 treatment effectively rescued UVB-reduced procollagen expression through the inhibition of UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Data from a western blot showed that L. plantarum HY7714 inhibited the phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase, thereby suppressing the UVB-induced phosphorylation and expression of c-Jun. Oral administration of L. plantarum HY7714 clearly inhibited the number, depth, and area of wrinkles in hairless mouse skin. Histological data showed that L. plantarum HY7714 significantly inhibited UVB-induced epidermal thickness in mice. Western blot and zymography data also revealed that L. plantarum HY7714 effectively inhibited MMP-13 expression as well as MMP-2 and -9 activities in dermal tissue. Collectively, these results provide further insight regarding the skin biological actions of L. plantarum HY7714, a potential skin anti-photoaging agent.