• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.4
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• pp.467-477
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• 2019

Digital image correlation (DIC) is now a popular and extensively used full-field metrology technique. In general, DIC is performed by using a turnkey solution offered by various manufacturers of DIC. In this paper, a simple and economical set-up for DIC is proposed which uses easily accessible digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera rather than industrial couple-charged device (CCD) cameras. The paper gives a description of aspects of carrying a DIC experiment which includes experimental set-up, specimen preparation, image acquisition and analysis. The details provided here will be helpful to carry DIC experiments without specialized DIC testing rig. To validate the responses obtained from proposed DIC set-up, tension and fatigue tests on specimens made of IS 2062 Gr. E300 steel are determined. Tensile parameters for a flat specimen and stress intensity factor for an eccentrically-loaded single edge notch tension specimen are evaluated from results of DIC experiment. Results obtained from proposed DIC experiments are compared with those obtained from conventional methods and are found to be in close agreement. It is also noted that the high resolution of DSLR allows the use of proposed approach for fracture characterization which could not be carried out with a typical turnkey DIC solution employing a camera of 2MP resolution.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.231-242
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• 2023

This paper represents a comparative study in which Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), and multiple linear regressions (MLR) were utilized to derive new equations for the prediction of time-dependent bearing capacity of pile foundations driven in cohesive soil, technically called pile set-up. This term means that many piles which are installed in cohesive soil experience a noticeable increase in bearing capacity after a specific time. Results of researches indicate that side resistance encounters more increase than toe resistance. The main reason leading to pile setup in saturated soil has been found to be the dissipation of excess pore water pressure generated in the process of pile installation, while in unsaturated conditions aging is the major justification. In this study, a comprehensive dataset containing information about 169 test piles was obtained from literature reviews used to develop the models. to prepare the data for further developments using intelligent algorithms, Data mining techniques were performed as a fundamental stage of the study. To verify the models, the data were randomly divided into training and testing datasets. The most striking difference between this study and the previous researches is that the dataset used in this study includes different piles driven in soil with varied geotechnical characterization; therefore, the proposed equations are more generalizable. According to the evaluation criteria, GEP was found to be the most effective method to predict set-up among the other approaches developed earlier for the pertinent research.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.5
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• pp.531-534
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• 2001

창의적인 표현 이전에 무엇을 인식(認識)해야 하는가! 쉽게 생각하는 캐릭터모델링과 셋업(STE-UP) 과정이 몇 가지 옵션(Option)에 의하여 생성되는 것은 아니다. 애니메이션 제작에 따른 캐릭터 설정 배경, 인체구조와 모델링과의 관계, 인체구조와 애니메이션의 연관성 등에 대한 인식의 이해를 통해야 한다. 이러한 인식 속에서 3D 캐릭터애니메이션셋업(SET-UP)을 위한 기초인식과 기술을 통하여 원칙적인 이해에 근거하여 효율적, 효과적인 3D애니메이션 제작을 하기 위한 몇 가지 제안(提案)을 한다.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.2 s.42
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• pp.143-157
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• 2005

This study aims to analyze functions and characteristics of 'Cha-il(遮日)' which was used at ritual events(宮中儀禮行事) in the Joseon dynasty, Joseon dynasty had many ritual events related with O-Rae(五禮). Cha-il was almost used at important ritual events, especially at the congratulatory events. The congratulatory events(宮中宴享) are the representative events were held with many temporary install facilities(假設施設) in a palace. Cha-il was a kind of Korean traditional membrane structures. Cha-il was set up for cutting off interior space from sunlight and rain. In general, Cha-il was Consisted of Cha-il-jang(遮日帳:woven fabric), Cha-il-jook(遮日竹:bamboo column), some ropes, and fixing wares. In the congratulatory events, three types of Cha-il. were set up. Baek-mok-Dae-Cha-il(白木大遮日)was made of cotton cloth. Yu-Dun-Cha-Il(油芚遮日) was made of oiled paper or oiled cotton cloth. Man-Joen-Cha-Il(滿箭遮日) consisted of wooden structure. Baek-mok-Dae-Cha-il(白木大遮日)was set up on the most important area of stage for protecting from sunlight. Yu-Dun-Cha-Il was set up on less important area of stage for protecting from sunlight and rain. Man-Joen-Cha-Il was set up below Baek-mok-Dae-Cha-il for supporting and draining raindrops off. The results of this study were as follows; Functions of Cha-il were to protect ritually space from sunlight and rain, and to extend ritually space, and to reconstruct ritually space. Cha-il was the peculiar temporary install facility which differed from other countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.1 s.24
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

To investigate the variation of marine environments due to set up of artificial structure, we carried out field observations. High temperature and salinity waters near the south frontal area were distributed clearly in the southeastern part of study area during summer season The variation of current structure was also occurred around study area where artificial structure set up. In 2005 after set up of artificial structure, the nutrient concentration increased greater than that in 2002 before set up artificial structures. To illustrate the characteristics of marine environment due to set up of artificial structure, quantitative analyses on the effect of artificial structure are important.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.86 no.5
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• pp.673-686
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• 2023

Determining the properties of pile from cone penetration test (CPT) is costly, and need several in-situ tests. At the present study, two novel hybrid learning models, namely PSO-RF and HHO-RF, which are an amalgamation of random forest (RF) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Harris hawks optimization (HHO) were developed and applied to predict the pile set-up parameter "A" from CPT for the design aim of the projects. To forecast the "A," CPT data along were collected from different sites in Louisiana, where the selected variables as input were plasticity index (PI), undrained shear strength (S_u), and over consolidation ratio (OCR). Results show that both PSO-RF and HHO-RF models have acceptable performance in predicting the set-up parameter "A," with R² larger than 0.9094, representing the admissible correlation between observed and predicted values. HHO-RF has better proficiency than the PSO-RF model, with R² and RMSE equal to 0.9328 and 0.0292 for the training phase and 0.9729 and 0.024 for testing data, respectively. Moreover, PI and OBJ indices are considered, in which the HHO-RF model has lower results which leads to outperforming this hybrid algorithm with respect to PSO-RF for predicting the pile set-up parameter "A," consequently being specified as the proposed model. Therefore, the results demonstrate the ability of the HHO algorithm in determining the optimal value of RF hyperparameters than PSO.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.657-685
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• 2023

This paper aims to apply the concept of Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets (PFSSs) to UP-algebras. Then we introduce five types of PFSSs over UP-algebras, study their generalization, and provide illustrative examples. In addition, we study the results of four operations of two PFSSs over UP-algebras, namely, the union, the restricted union, the intersection, and the extended intersection. Finally, we will also discuss t-level subsets of PFSSs over UP-algebras to study the relationships between PFSSs and special subsets of UP-algebras.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2002

I. 목적 : arm-up holder는 흉부 및 복부 질환 치료의 환자고정에 유용하게 사용하고 있으나 손잡이 부분과 어깨가 닿는 부분까지 거리 때문에 동일한 자세를 유지하는데 불편함이 있다. 특히 긴장을 많이 하거나 기력이 없는 환자는 방사선 치료 시 자세의 불안정으로 인하여 치료의 정확성이 떨어질 수 있다. 이에 본원에서는 현재 사용하고 있는 arm-up holder에 팔의 지지를 위한 보조기구를 제작하여 유용성을 평가하였다. II. 대상 및 방법 : 기존의 arm-up holder에 어깨받침대를 부착하여 개선된 arm-up holder를 제작하였다. 실험을 위하여 기존의 arm-up holder를 사용하는 환자그룹과 개선된 arm-up holder를 사용하는 그룹으로 구분하여 자세 변화를 평가하였다. 두 그룹의 환자를 대상으로 모의 치료를 실시한 후 치료실에서 L-gram 을 2회 씩 촬영하여 치료하고자 하는 portal film과 isocenter의 변화를 측정했다. 각 그룹 당 10명씩의 환자를 선정하여 반복 조사하였다. III. 결과 : 개선된 arm-up holder를 사용한 그룹의 isocenter 의 변화는 최대 2mm, 최소 0.5mm 평균 1.2mm 이다. 기존의 arm-up folder를 사용한 그룹과 비교하여 평균변화는 약 2배로 나라났고, 최대 변화는 2.5배의 오차범위가 측정되었다. IV. 결론 : 현재 사용하고 있는 arm-up holder는 흉부 및 복부의 사방향 방사선 치료 시 팔에 의한 방사선 감약을 예방할 수 있는 유용한 고정용구이다. 하지만 팔을 올리고 있는 자세는 환자에게 불편함을 야기 시키며 이로 인한 치료의 정확성을 감소시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 기존의 arm-up holder에 보조기구를 제작하여 사용함으로써 환자의 불편함을 개선하고, set-up 의 안정성과 재현성을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.194-198
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• 2004

The thermo-hydro-mechanical (T-H-M) process is one of major issues in the performance assessment of a high level waste (HLW) repository. An engineering-scale test was planned and its experimental set-up has being installed, to validate the T-H-M behavior in the buffer of a reference disposal system. The experimental set-up consists of 4 major components: the confining cylinder with its hydration water tank, the bentonite block, the heating system, and the sensors and instruments. The monitoring and data acquisition system is employed to control the heater to maintain the temperature of $95^{\circ}C$ at the interface of the heater and bentonite blocks and to collect signals from sensors and instruments installed in the bentonite blocks.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1989

From the investigation perfomed by this writer in 1986, it was recognized that many science teachers are in difficulty in teaching the intergrated science in secondary schools and then the present teacher preparation programs need improvement to advance the quality of science teachers. To set up the improvement model, the preservice programs in the departments of science education in Korea were intensively analyzed and compared with that in the department of science education in Hiroshima university. The results of analysises on the programs showed the needs for improvement. A improvement model of the program for secondary science teacher preparation was set up as follows; 1. The improvement program is set up to emphasize the basic science course such as, general physics, chemistry, etc. 2. More emphasis is put upon the intergrated science course. 3. The improvement program is a practical one which is suitable to apply directly as a program in the department of science education.