• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.224-233
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• 2002

This study has investigated the flame retardant properties of EPDM rubber with the addition of various flame retardants. Carbon black, stearic acid, zinc oxide cross-linking agent were mixed with EPDM rubber to produce the base rubber E0 without the addition of flame retardants. Phosphorus flame retardant Tricrecyl phosphate(TCP) was added to E0 in 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 phr to make E1~E4 samples and red phosphorus was added in 3, 6, 9, 12 phr to make E5~E8 samples. A flame retardant of the bromine family Decabromodiphenyloxide(DBDPO), and a chlorinated paraffin retardant of the chlorine family was added to E0 in 3, 6, 9, 12 phr to make E9~E12 and E13~E16 samples, repectively. Basic physical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength and hardness were measured for all the rubber samples with various flame retardant additions. There was no substantial differences. On the other hand, Oxygen index and UL94 were measured to study flame retardant properties. From oxygen index measurements E0 sample showed a value of 23.5%, indicating the improvement of flame retardant properties. Also from UL94 measurements, it was found that addition of red phosphorus resulted in maximum flame retardant effect. It was found that increasing the amount of addition resulted in decreasing combustion rate and improving flame retardant effect regardless of the kind of flame retardant.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

The Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongsangmando(BuUlGyeong) megacity aims to grow into the second metropolitan area by strengthening the growth and connectivity of the southeast region in Korea. In order to analyze the linkage between port logistics and regional economic development, this study focused on the economic community of BuUlGyeong. The findings are as follows. First, it was found that vessel entry and departure had a positive (+) significant effect on cargo volume. Second, the cargo volume was found to have a preemptive effect on the vessel entry and exit ports and the composite index. Third, the composite Index was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on cargo volume. From the results of the variance decomposition, it can be confirmed that the composite index has a weak impact on ship entry/exit and cargo volume. Based on the above findings, some policy implications are derived. First, regional governments in BuUlGyeong should provide incentives to revitalize the maritime economy such as the expansion of maritime port infrastructure and encouraging investment. Second, since an increase in cargo transport volume at major national ports linked to the BuUlGyeong region has a positive (+) effect on economy. Therefore it is necessary to expand actively port marketing and regular service for the country and ports. Third, investments should be made continuously to expand the marine port infrastructure such as the expansion of facilities so that global shipping companies can continue to call megacities in BuUlGyeong ports for super-large ships and cruises.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.311-315
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• 2002

Polyurethane 발포체는 우수한 단열 및 흡음특성 그리고 반응물질인 polyol과 isocyanate의 성분 및 배합비에 따라 여러가지 제품군으로 특성 설계가 가능하여 LNG 저장탱크, LNG 유조선의 cryogenic insulator, 육상 및 해상용 냉동 및 냉장시설물, 가전제품, 건축단열판넬 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 난연성의 결여로 화재 발생시 급격한 연소반응과 유해가스 발생을 동반하여 화재안전 및 건강보건상 중대한 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구진은 PU발포체의 물성개선을 통한 난연특성 연구의 일환으로서 montmorillonite, hectorite, vermiculite의 layer silicate를 urethane 원료물질과 혼성발포 공정을 통해 난연복합체를 제조하여 UL94V, LOI, Morphology 등의 시험을 수행하였다.(중략)

• Digital Contents
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• no.8 s.87
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• pp.94-96
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• 2000

세이즈메이커의 사람들은 정보 과잉에 대해 한가지 해결책을 가지고 있다. 로이터 통신의 두가지 연구(1996년의 "정보에 대한 굶주림"과 1997년 "스크린 응시")는 정보과잉이 점점 악화되고 있는 심각한 문제임을 확인시켜준다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 사내 소스들로부터의 4,000개가 넘는 기업 소스들을 재구분하고 있는 기업정보포탈(Enterprise Information Potal EIP)인 세이즈메이커는 사내 소스들로부터 나오는 정보를 외부적으로 온라인상에서 이용 가능한 것들과 함께 결합시키고 있다. 그의 분류와 구성, 하이퍼텍스트연결, 콘텐츠 능력의 개인화는 오토노미(자치)의 테크놀로지로부터 나온다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

Combustion characteristics of outdoor advertisement materials were evaluated for fire risk assessment about fire expanding. At this study, the flame retardancy and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured by UL 94 and ASTM D 2863 respectively. At the result of flame retardancy, foamex was V-0 grade and those of others were out of grade. LOI measurement showed that the LOI of foamex was highest in the samples. The cone calorimeter test was done by ISO 5660-1 to find the combustion characteristics. The cone calorimeter test showed that the outdoor advertisement materials were not good to prevent of fire expanding. The time to ignition (TTI) of flex was the fastest and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) as well as the total heat release (THR) of acrylic panel was higher than those of others.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

PP/MMT nanocomposites having a various compositions were prepared by melt blending with a twin screw extruder. In this study, maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAH-g-PP) was used as a compatibilizer in order to assist the exfoliation or hen in the pp matrix. from the results or x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements for the nanocomposites, we confirmed that MMT was exfoliated. PPM nanocomposites have shown good flame retardancy by synergistic effect between MMT and flame retardant. The mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites showed significant enhancement compared with those of neat PP, The excellent flame retardancy of the PP/MMT nanocomposites, UL94 V-0 value, was successfully obtained with reduced amount of the flame retardant.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2007

In this study, the flame retardancy and tensile properties of epoxy acrylate resin containing flame retardants based on phosphorous, bromine or metal hydroxide are investigated. It was found that the enhancement in flame retardancy of epoxy acrylate with decabromodiphenyl oxide (DECA) addition was better than the addition of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl dichlorophosphate (TCEDP). It seems that the high loading of TCEDP may delay the formation of crosslinking network and consequently decreases the conversion of epoxy acrylate. It was found that magnesium hydroxide ($Mg(OH)_2$) does not improve the flame retardancy of epoxy acrylate after added up to 40 wt%. The synergic effects were clearly observed for epoxy acrylate containing DECA/TCEDP combined flame retardants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.743-748
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• 2006

We investigated the flame retardancy and the mechanical properties of Nylon6 by using melamine-based halogen-free flame retardants(melamine cyanurate:MC-100 and melamine phosphate:MP-100). We chose the UL-94 method for flame retardancy and measured the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus by using UTM and impact strength by using Izod impact tester. We also tested the effect of nano-clay on flammability and mechanical properties. We obtained the V0 grade when the concentration of flame retardant was over 5 wt%. The tensile strength and flexural strength decreased and flexural modulus increased with the concentration of both flame retardant systems. The results showed that MC-100 system was better than MPP-100 system. Because of poor dispersion, we did not obtain the synergistic effect of nano-clay.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2015

The object of this study is to obtain the optimum mix proportion of halogen free compound with flame resistance and, for the purpose, thermal/electrical characteristics test are conducted using compatibilizing agents, flame resistance agents, hydroxide aluminum, sunscreen, antioxidant and silicon oil on the base resin of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Existing compound method accompanies many requirements to be satisfied including a lot of addition of flame resistance agents, prohibition of impact on mixing capability with base and property and etc. In this study, different from the existing method, the optimum mix proportion is determined and experimented by adding nano clay. Oxygen index test shows no difference between specimens while T-6, T-9 shows oxygen index of 29[%] and 26[%], respectively. This is concluded that hydroxide aluminum, which is a flame resistance agent, leads low oxygen index. From UL94-V vertical flame resistance test, the combustion behavior is determined as V-0, Fail based on UL94-V decision criteria. Viscometry shows low measurements in specimens with separate addition of compatibilizing agents or nano clay. Volume resistivity test shows low measurement mainly in specimens without compatibilizing agents. Therefore, with the flame resistance compound shows better performance for thermal/electrical property and the optimum mix proportion are achieved among many existing materials.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.172-181
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• 2006

Flame retardant synergism of phyllite was studied in ABS resins containing brominated flame retardant(tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBA) or brominated epoxy oligomer(BEO)) and antimony trioxide($Sb_2O_3)$. Talc was used for the comparison purpose. ABS compounds were manufactured by a twin-screw co-rotating extruder and subsequently injection molded into several specimen for mechanical and thermal properties. Flame retardancy of ABS compounds measured by UL 94 vertical test with 1.6 mm thick bar specimen was enhanced by the replacement of antimony trioxide into phyllite or talc in the range of 12.5%(0.5 wt%) to 37.5%(1.5 wt%). Phyllite showed better synergistic effect comparing with talc especially for BEO. Only phyllite enhanced the flowability of ABS compounds. Notched Izod impact strength decreased with the proportion of phyllite or talc content. Phyllite could replace the antimony trioxide up to the content of 25%(1 wt%) to give better flame retardancy and flowability without darkening problem.