• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.779-800
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• 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks, also known as drone networks, have gained significant attention for their potential in various applications, including communication. UAV networks for communication involve using a fleet of drones to establish wireless connectivity and provide communication services in areas where traditional infrastructure is lacking or disrupted. UAV communication networks need to be highly secured to ensure the technology's security and the users' safety. The proposed survey provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art UAV network security solutions. In this paper, we analyze the existing literature on UAV security and identify the various types of attacks and the underlying vulnerabilities they exploit. Detailed mitigation techniques and countermeasures for the protection of UAVs are described in this paper. The survey focuses on the implementation of novel technologies like Q-learning, blockchain, IRS, and mmWave. This paper discusses network simulation tools that range in complexity, features, and programming capabilities. Finally, future research directions and challenges are highlighted.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제16C권4호
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• pp.521-526
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• 2009

DTN(Disruption/Delay Tolerant Network)은 네트워크의 단절성(partitioning)이 높은 환경에서 단절된 지역 네트워크를 연동하기 위한 네트워크 구조이다. 현재 DTN과 관련하여 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으며 특히 라우팅 기법에 대한 연구는 가장 많은 관심을 받는 분야 중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 단절된 애드혹(Ad-hoc) 네트워크에서 사용자간의 연결성을 제공하기 위하여 무인항공기(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: UAV)를 이용한 DTN의 구성 시 사용가능한 DTN 라우팅 기법을 살펴보고 UAV의 이동 경로 제어 기법을 제안한다. 또한 다양한 시나리오에서의 실험을 통하여 제안된 방법의 성능을 평가한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.711-732
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• 2019

Many unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications have been employed for performing data collection in facilitating tasks such as surveillance and monitoring objectives in remote and dangerous environments. In light of the fact that most of the existing UAV relaying applications operate in conventional half-duplex (HD) mode, a full-duplex (FD) based UAV relay aided wireless network is investigated, in which the UAV relay helps forwarding information from the source (S) node to the destination (D). Since the activated UAV relays are always floating and flying in the air, its channel state information (CSI) as well as channel capacity is a time-variant parameter. Considering decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocol in UAV relays, the cooperative relaying channel capacity is constrained by the relatively weaker one (i.e. in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)) between S-to-relay and relay-to-D links. The channel capacity can be optimized by adaptively optimizing the transmit power of S and/or UAV relay. Furthermore, a hybrid HD/FD mode is enabled in the proposed UAV relays for adaptively optimizing the channel utilization subject to the instantaneous CSI and/or remaining self-interference (SI) levels. Numerical results show that the channel capacity of the proposed UAV relay aided wireless networks can be maximized by adaptively responding to the influence of various real-time factors.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.874-886
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• 2023

A joint resource-optimization scheme is investigated for nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-enhanced scalable video coding (SVC) multicast in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted radio-access networks (RANs). This scheme allows a ground base station and UAVs to simultaneously multicast successive video layers in SVC with successive interference cancellation in NOMA. A video quality-maximization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem to determine the UAV deployment and association, RAN spectrum allocation for multicast groups, and UAV transmit power. The optimization problem is decoupled into the UAV deployment-association, spectrum-partition, and UAV transmit-power-control subproblems. A heuristic strategy is designed to determine the UAV deployment and association patterns. An upgraded knapsack algorithm is developed to solve spectrum partition, followed by fast UAV power fine-tuning to further boost the performance. The simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme improves the average peak signal-to-noise ratio, aggregate videoreception rate, and spectrum utilization over various baselines.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.700-711
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• 2020

Because of the rapid increase of mobile traffic, flexible broadband supportive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based 6G mobile networks using free space optical (FSO) links have been recently proposed. Considering the advancements made in UAVs, big data processing, and artificial intelligence precision control technologies, the formation of an additional wireless network based on UAV aerial platforms to assist the existing fixed base stations of the mobile radio access network is considered a highly viable option in the near future. In this paper, a combined time bound optimization scheme is proposed that can adaptively satisfy the control and communication time constraints as well as the processing time constraints in FSO-based 6G UAV aerial networks. The proposed scheme controls the relation between the number of data flows, input data rate, number of worker nodes considering the time bounds, and the errors that occur during communication and data processing. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is very effective in satisfying the time constraints for UAV control and radio access network services, even when errors in communication and data processing may occur.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2023

본 논문은 모바일 IAB를 향한 UxNB 네트워크 배포 및 운영 방안을 제안한다. SDN(Software Defined Network) 기반으로 UxNB 네트워크를 운영하여, 이동 통신 서비스를 원하는 지역에 UxNB를 배포한다. 서비스 지역에 UxNB를 배포한 후, IAB를 설정하여 이동 통신 서비스를 수행할 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 먼저 UAV 컨트롤러(UAV controller)와 SDN 컨트롤러(SDN controller)로 구성되는 UxNB 네트워크 컨트롤러(UxNB NC; UxNB network controller)를 제안하고 필요한 기능들을 기술한다. 다음으로 UxNB 네트워크를 배포하고 운영할 수 있는 시나리오를 단계별로 상세하게 제시한다. 또한 UxNB 네트워크 컨트롤러의 위치, UxNB에 대한 UAV 컨트롤러 제어 명령 전달 방법, UxNB 네트워크를 위한 IAB 적용 방법, UxNB 네트워크의 최적화, UxNB 네트워크의 RLF(radio link failure) 복구 및 UxNB 네트워크의 보안(security)에 대한 향후 연구를 논한다. 제안한 UxNB NC 아키텍처와 UxNB 네트워크 배포 및 운영 방안을 이용하여 모바일 IAB에 UxNB 네트워크를 원활하게 통합할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2015

Future Ground Control Stations (GCSs) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) teleoperation targets better situational awareness by providing extra motion cues to stimulate the vestibular system. This paper proposes a new virtual environment for long range Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control via Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) communications, which is based on motion platforms. It generates motion cues for the teleoperator for extra sensory stimulation to enhance the guidance performance. The proposed environment employs the distributed component simulation over GSM network as a simulation platform. GSM communications are utilized as a multi-hop communication network, which is similar to global satellite communications. It considers a UAV mathematical model and wind turbulence effects to simulate a realistic UAV dynamics. Moreover, the proposed virtual environment simulates a Multiple Axis Rotating Device (MARD) as Human Machine Interface (HMI) device to provide a complete delay analysis. The demonstrated measurements cover Graphical User Interface (GUI) capabilities, NLoS GSM communications delay, MARD performance, and different software workload. The proposed virtual environment succeeded to provide visual and vestibular feedbacks for teleoperators via GSM networks. The overall system performance is acceptable relative to other Line-of-Sight (LoS) systems, which promises a good potential for future long range, medium altitude UAV teleoperation researches.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2020

In recent years, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted mobile free space optical (FSO) communication technique has attracted considerable attention regarding its aims to provide improved communication conditions for fixed-to-fixed FSO network and promising fronthaul and backhaul solutions for 5G+ wireless networks. This can be attributed to its outstanding advantages such as fast deployment and flexible network configuration. The UAV-assisted mobile FSO system can be used to provide cost-effective internet services in rural and remote areas and in hotspot areas that are characterized by increased data traffic. Additionally, it can be used to provide secure communication services under emergency circumstances. In this report, we review recent R&D trends in wireless network technology employing the UAV-assisted mobile FSO technique and key technologies for mobile FSO wireless networks. Furthermore, we introduce drone-based mobile FSO terminals and control systems that we have developed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1941-1960
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• 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), acting as mobile base stations (BSs), can be deployed in the typical fifth-generation mobile communications (5G) scenarios for the purpose of substantially enhancing the radio coverage. Meanwhile, UAV aided underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication mode can be activated for further improving the capacity of the 5G networks. However, this UAV aided D2D communication system is more vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks, resulting in security risks. In this paper, the D2D receivers work in full-duplex (FD) mode, which improves the security of the network by enabling these legitimate users to receive their useful information and transmit jamming signal to the eavesdropper simultaneously (with the same frequency band). The security communication under the UAV coverage is evaluated, showing that the system's (security) capacity can be substantially improved by taking advantage of the flexible radio coverage of UAVs. Furthermore, the closed-form expressions for the coverage probabilities are derived, showing that the cellular users (CUs)' secure coverage probability in downlink transmission is mainly impacted by the following three factors: its communication area, the relative position with UAV, and its eavesdroppers. In addition, it is observed that the D2D users or DUs' secure coverage probability is relevant to state of the UAV. The system's secure capacity can be substantially improved by adaptively changing the UAV's position as well as coverage.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.300-302
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• 2022

본 논문은 FANET 환경에서 UAV 간에 자원 충돌 없이 무선 자원을 공유 할 수 있는 시분할 다중접속 기반 자원 충돌 회피 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 UAV에 설치된 GPS 장치로부터 얻은 정보 토대로 UAV 이동성을 추측하여 자원 충돌 발생률을 감소시키고자 한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 경쟁기반 방식 프로토콜과 성능 비교를 하였으며, 제안한 알고리즘이 자원 충돌을 감소시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.