• Korean Security Journal
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• no.58
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• pp.107-135
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the security environment, information organization and information activities of Korea and the United States. The comparison will provide insight into Korea and other national intelligence agencies, as well as methodological advances in information research, by providing insight into the overall information and a broad understanding As the history, culture and national power of Korea and the U.S. are different, the organization and activities of intelligence agencies are also different. First of all, in terms of environment, the U.S. carries out intelligence activities for national interest and security in a wide range of areas ranging from North American continental countries to South America, the Middle East, Asia and Asia, while South Korea's intelligence activities are mainly aimed at North Korea and neighboring countries around the Korean Peninsula. In terms of information organization, U.S. intelligence agencies are separate, whereas domestic and foreign intelligence agencies are separate, whereas Korean intelligence agencies are a type of integrated intelligence agency that combines information and investigation, unlike the U.S. In the U.S., the U.S. also operates as an intelligence community, and there are many flexible organizations such as non-tier organizations and centers. Intelligence activities by U.S. intelligence agencies are mainly focused on analysis and overseas processing activities, while Korean intelligence agencies still account for a large portion of domestic information activities. Despite these differences, Korea's intelligence agency was created by imitating U.S. intelligence agencies, and thus has similar aspects in terms of evaluation of security, organization and activities. However, this similarity is shared by all intelligence agencies, so the article will focus on analyzing differences. Finally, for the development of Korean intelligence agencies, the establishment of an intelligence community and efficient control of the National Assembly will be proposed.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

Recently, ICT environments have been increasingly developed and the pattern of the war also has been changed to NCW. The development of communication and network technology, for example, C4I and TDL(Tactical Data Link), has been prosperous and rapid. But the geospatial intelligence field which is the basis of the network frames relatively has not been developed. The purpose of this paper is to foster the geospatial governance in terms of the defense perspective. In order to do that, this paper deals with the U.S. Intelligence Community(IC) and the U.S. Army Global Information Grid(GIG), LandWarNet and those could be good examples of roles and statuses of geospatial intelligence. IC has been produced essential intelligence which is required for policymakers and military leaders. IC has several stove-piped intelligence process systems which have been separately developed and competed. And so as to complete GIG, the U.S. Army adopted LandWarNet. The U.S. Corps of Engineers organized the Army Geospatial Center(AGC) on 1 October 2009 to support LandWarNet. In order to develop NCW, we should recognize geospatial intelligence as the basis of network framework and make a central leading organization of defense geospatial intelligence. The mission of Korea Defense Geospatial-Intelligence Agency should be changed from producing GEOINT to a strategic GEOINT agency. The Army should organize a laboratory of geospatial intelligence field. The mission of producing GEOINT should be transferred to a geospatial intelligence battalion which is newly organized.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

Major countries, such as the U.S., UK and Germany have reformed their national intelligence systems in the face of transnational, asymmetric and comprehensive threats since September 11, 2001 and have strengthened the intelligence capacity involved in countering terrorism and WMD proliferation, right/left extremism threats. The Korean Moon Jae-in government is preparing a reform plan to eliminate illegal political intervention and abuse of power by the National Intelligence Service(NIS) and to rebuild it as an efficient national intelligence agency for national security. In discussing the reform direction of the NIS, it is necessary to discuss in detail whether adopting a separate model of intelligence agencies to restrict domestic intelligence activities of the NIS and concentrate on foreign intelligence activities or establish new domestic intelligence agencies. Second, as for the issue of transferring anti-Communism investigation authority of the NIS to the police, it needs to be carefully considered in terms of balancing the efficiency and professionalism of intelligence agency activity in the context of North Korea's continuous military provocation, covert operations and cyber threats. Third, it should strive to strengthen the control and supervision functions of the administration and the National Assembly to ensure the political neutrality of the NIS in accordance with the democratization era, to guarantee citizens' basic rights and to improve the transparency of budget execution.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.92-102
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• 2018

On a global level, the energy problem is a very important policy topic, particularly at a time when the nation relies on imports for more than 95% of its energy demand. The starting point of an energy policy should be in line with the international community's concern and cooperation regarding climate warming, and the logic of the new policy on renewable energy expansion in Korea, the pre-developed energy sector, and policy of deserting coal all support this aspect. In particular, to accommodate the rapid urbanization of mankind, the key words of the 4th Industrial Revolution are linking energy to IoT, artificial intelligence, block chain, cloud, and big data.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.85-95
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• 2020

It is a newly defined concept of digital sex crimes as the sex crime pattern in Korea is integrated with digital technology. After examining the current status and response of digital sex crimes in Korea, legal and institutional gaps are identified.It is also aimed at drawing up appropriate responses to domestic situations compared to cases in major foreign countries. This study adopted the mode of literature research.It used related data from government agencies, various statistics and survey data, seminar data organized by the National Assembly office, women's organizations, and research reports. The ultimate goal is to derive the problem situation by analyzing the current system.The results of this study are to discuss digital sex crimes that are being expanded and reproduced by the development of digital media. It also points out that the legal vacuum caused by the law's failure to keep up with the law needs to be continued.Our conclusion is that we should actively accept best practices from abroad. In addition, it is necessary to create a community value in which all members of society become "monitors" in the recognition that they may be perpetrators or victims.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-43
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• 2014

The Pareto principle, also known as the 80-20 rule, states that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes for many events including natural phenomena. It has been recognized as a golden rule in business with a wide application of such discovery like 20 percent of customers resulting in 80 percent of total sales. On the other hand, the Long Tail theory, pointing out that "the trivial many" produces more value than "the vital few," has gained popularity in recent times with a tremendous reduction of distribution and inventory costs through the development of ICT(Information and Communication Technology). This study started with a view to illuminating how these two primary business paradigms-Pareto principle and Long Tail theory-relates to the success of virtual knowledge collaboration. The importance of virtual knowledge collaboration is soaring in this era of globalization and virtualization transcending geographical and temporal constraints. Many previous studies on knowledge sharing have focused on the factors to affect knowledge sharing, seeking to boost individual knowledge sharing and resolve the social dilemma caused from the fact that rational individuals are likely to rather consume than contribute knowledge. Knowledge collaboration can be defined as the creation of knowledge by not only sharing knowledge, but also by transforming and integrating such knowledge. In this perspective of knowledge collaboration, the relative distribution of knowledge sharing among participants can count as much as the absolute amounts of individual knowledge sharing. In particular, whether the more contribution of the upper 20 percent of participants in knowledge sharing will enhance the efficiency of overall knowledge collaboration is an issue of interest. This study deals with the effect of this sort of knowledge sharing distribution on the efficiency of knowledge collaboration and is extended to reflect the work characteristics. All analyses were conducted based on actual data instead of self-reported questionnaire surveys. More specifically, we analyzed the collaborative behaviors of editors of 2,978 English Wikipedia featured articles, which are the best quality grade of articles in English Wikipedia. We adopted Pareto ratio, the ratio of the number of knowledge contribution of the upper 20 percent of participants to the total number of knowledge contribution made by the total participants of an article group, to examine the effect of Pareto principle. In addition, Gini coefficient, which represents the inequality of income among a group of people, was applied to reveal the effect of inequality of knowledge contribution. Hypotheses were set up based on the assumption that the higher ratio of knowledge contribution by more highly motivated participants will lead to the higher collaboration efficiency, but if the ratio gets too high, the collaboration efficiency will be exacerbated because overall informational diversity is threatened and knowledge contribution of less motivated participants is intimidated. Cox regression models were formulated for each of the focal variables-Pareto ratio and Gini coefficient-with seven control variables such as the number of editors involved in an article, the average time length between successive edits of an article, the number of sections a featured article has, etc. The dependent variable of the Cox models is the time spent from article initiation to promotion to the featured article level, indicating the efficiency of knowledge collaboration. To examine whether the effects of the focal variables vary depending on the characteristics of a group task, we classified 2,978 featured articles into two categories: Academic and Non-academic. Academic articles refer to at least one paper published at an SCI, SSCI, A&HCI, or SCIE journal. We assumed that academic articles are more complex, entail more information processing and problem solving, and thus require more skill variety and expertise. The analysis results indicate the followings; First, Pareto ratio and inequality of knowledge sharing relates in a curvilinear fashion to the collaboration efficiency in an online community, promoting it to an optimal point and undermining it thereafter. Second, the curvilinear effect of Pareto ratio and inequality of knowledge sharing on the collaboration efficiency is more sensitive with a more academic task in an online community.