• 대한수학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2002

We consider the hp-version to solve non-constant coefficient elliptic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions on a bounded, convex polygonal domain $\Omega$ in $R^{2}.$ To compute the integrals in the variational formulation of the discrete problem we need the numerical quadrature rule scheme. In this paler we consider a family $G_{p}= {I_{m}}$ of numerical quadrature rules satisfying certain properties. When the numerical quadrature rules $I_{m}{\in}G_{p}$ are used for calculating the integrals in the stiffness matrix of the variational form we will give its variational fore and derive an error estimate of ${\parallel}u-\tilde{u}^h_p{\parallel}_0,{\Omega}'$.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2006

Sung et al. [13] obtained a WLLN (weak law of large numbers) for the array $\{X_{{ni},\;u_n{\leq}i{\leq}v_n,\;n{\leq}1\}$ of random variables under a Cesaro type condition, where $\{u_n{\geq}-{\infty},\;n{\geq}1\}$ and $\{v_n{\leq}+{\infty},\;n{\geq}1\}$ large two sequences of integers. In this paper, we extend the result of Sung et al. [13] to a martingale type p Banach space.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acoustic durations of Korean vowels followed by either voiced or voiceless consonants. Six healthy adult speakers (2 females and 4 males) recorded nonsense syllables in which voiced (/b, d, g/) or voiceless (/p', t', k', $p^{h},t^{h},k^{h}$) consonants follow three different vowels (/i, a, u/) embedded in a carrier phrase. Results showed that vowels preceding voiced consonants (e.g., haba) were significantly longer in duration than those preceding voiceless consonants (e.g., hiP' a or $hip^{h}a$). Also vowels were longer in duration when occurring before velar-stops than before bilabial-stop and dental-stops. Finally, the duration of the low vowel (/a/) was substantially longer than that of the high vowels (/i, u/). These findings may be applicable to speech synthesis or therapy.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1986

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of swimming training on brain function after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Therefore, this study was examined on neurogenesis in dentate gyrus of hippocampus using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label proliferating cells and assessed the neurological response following focal cerebral ischemia in rats using neurological motor behavioral test. In an observer-blinded fashion, twenty male Sprague-Dawley (280~310 g, 7 weeks old) rats were divided into four groups: MCAO plus swimming group (ME, $n_1$=5), MCAO plus control group (MC, $n_2$=5), SHAM plus swimming group (SE, $n_3$=5), SHAM plus control group (SC, $n_4$=5). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The limb placing time before and after swimming in the ME group were significantly longer than the MC group (p<.05), the SE group were significantly longer than the SC group (p<.01). 2) The balance beam scores before and after swimming in the ME group was higher than the SE group, the MC group was higher than the SC group but was not significantly different (p>.001). 3) The foot fault index before and after swimming training in ME group was significantly lower (i.e., improved) than the MC group (p<.001) and the SE group (p<.001), the SE group was significantly lower (i.e., improved) than the SC group (p<.001). 4) The mean number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in the ME group was significantly higher than the MC group (p<.001) and the SE group (p<.01). The MC group and the SE group was significantly higher than the SC group (p<.001). 5) There was significantly correlation between limb placing time and number of BrdU-positive cells on swimming training, there was positive correlation (r=.807, p<.0001) and between foot fault index and BrdU-positive cells number, there was negative correlation (r=-.503, p<.05). However, between balance beam scores and BrdU-positive cells number, there was no correlation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the role of swimming training improves behavioral motor function probably by enhancing cell proliferation in that hippocampus. This study provides a model for investigating the stroke rehabilitation that underlies neurogenesis and functional ability.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

This study was examined adsorption ability of heavy metal Hg(I), Pb(II), and U(Vl) ion use of fruit from schizandra chinensis, The fruits of schizandra chinensis sample used breaking into fragments $50{\sim}100$ mesh. The sample solution was mixed fruits of schizandra chinensis and heavy metal ion. Each heavy metal ion of into solution was quantum analysis with ICP-AES. As the result, each condition of maxium adsorption ability of heavy metal ion was high in the range of pH 5-7, adsorption time was about 15 minutes, and the optimum temperature was $100^{\circ}C$. The heavy metal ion was increased adsorption in order of increasing concentration and in ethanol solution better than in aqueous solution.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2014

This study investigated the differences between emotional parameters BDI, VHI, STAI-X-I and STAI-X-II according to the menstrual cycles of the female and the relation between changes of the depression index and voice characteristics (jitter, shimmer, CPP, HNR, $pF0{\cdot}F1{\cdot}F2{\cdot}F3$, sF0, sF4, sB1, $H1_{c/u}$, $A1_u$, $A3_c$, $H1A3_{c/u}$, $H1A1_u$). Twenty three females ($30{\pm}4.4$ years old) living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were participated in this study to answer the questionnaires and record their voice. The participants prolonged /a/ vowel for 5 seconds in a natural condition for their voice recording. Voice data were analyzed using the Matlab and Praat program. A t-test and a correlation analysis were conducted by using SPSS for the statistical analysis. The results are as follows. First, the BDI is significantly higher in group I (lurear phase contrast the menstrual period) and group II (follicular phase against the menstrual period) than group III (luteal phase for follicular phase) (p<.05). Second, shimmer, CPP, pF0 showed a statistically high correlation regarding the BDI in group I (lurear phase contrast the menstrual period). Voice parameters may be useful as supplement in evaluating the emotional change in the phase of menstrual cycle.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.977-982
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• 2003

목 적 : 방광요관 역류증이나 역류성 신병증을 가진 요로감염 환아에서 다양한 요단백(${\beta}_2$ MG, microalbumin) 또는 효소(NAG)의 배설을 측정하여 방광요관 역류의 정도나 역류성 신병증을 예측할 수 있는 지표 및 방광요관 역류증의 소실에 따른 이들 지표의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 요로감염증으로 진단 받았던 환아 중 방광요관 역류와 신반흔이 없었던 환아는 I군(n=30), 방광요관 역류증만 있었던 환아는 II군(n=12), 신반흔 및 방광요관 역류증을 같이 가지고 있었던 환아는 III군(n=34)으로 분류하여 24시간 또는 12시간 소변에서 ${\beta}_2$ MG, microalbumin, NAG를 측정하였다. 방광요관 역류의 정도가 낮은군(reflux grade I, II, III)과 높은군(reflux grade IV, V)으로 분류하여 두 군에서의 요중 ${\beta}_2$ MG, microalbumin, NAG 값을 비교하였다. 방광요관 역류를 가진 46명의 환아 중 16명에서 방광요관 역류가 완전히 소실되었고, 방광요관 역류증이 소실될 때까지 매년 24시간 또는 12시간 소변검사, VCUG, DMSA renal scan을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 24시간 또는 12시간 소변에서의 microalbumin과 NAG는 III군에서 I군과 비교하여 의미있게 증가되어 있었고(microalbumin : $27.7{\pm}26.0mg/gCr$ vs $15.0{\pm}10.7mg/gCr$, P<0.05, NAG : $15.2{\pm}18.7U/gCr$ vs $3.4{\pm}2.2U/gCr$, P<0.05). ${\beta}_2$ MG는 각 군간의 통계적으로 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 2) 방광요관 역류의 정도에 따라서는 높은군(grade IV, V)에서의 NAG값이 낮은군(grade I, II, III) 보다 의미있게 증가되어 있었다($26.8{\pm}27.1U/gCr$ vs $7.6{\pm}3.8U/gCr$, P<0.05). 3) 방광요관 역류증의 소실에 따른 요단백 및 효소의 수치 변화에 있어서는 microalbumin과 NAG가 방광요관 역류증이 완전히 소실되었을 때 통계적으로 의미있게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 소아 요로감염 환아에서 역류성 신병증의 존재 여부 및 추적 관찰에서의 방광요관 역류의 소실여부를 예측하는데 microalbumin과 NAG의 측정이 유용하며, 특히 NAG는 방광요관 역류의 심한 정도를 예측하는데 유용한 지표가 될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1999년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제18권 1호
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• pp.387-390
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• 1999

누설탄성표면파(Leaky Surface Acoustic Wave : LSAW) 측정에 사용하는 것을 목적으로 PVBF 압전막을 이용하여 직선집속 초음파트랜스듀서를 제작하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. 제작은 한쪽 면이 원통형 구조를 갖는 구리, 알루미늄, 3mmPVC-에폭시 3가지 재료를 배면층으로 사용하여 각각에 PVDF를 부착시켜서 수중에 음파를 방사하도록 구성하였고, 특성평가는 임펄스응답 특성과 음장 특성으로 나누어서 평가하였다. 임펄스응답 특성은 제작한 3종류의 집속 초음파트랜스듀서에 대해 실험적으로 측정하고, Mason 등가회로1)를 이용한 이론적 해석결과와 비교하였다. 음장특성 측정실험은 구리를 배면체로 하여 제작한 집속 초음파트랜스듀서에 대해서 실시하였고, 그 이론적인 계산결과는 Raylelgh-Somme-rfeld 회 절이론2)을 도입하여 초점면에 형성되는 음압분포를 계산하는 것으로 얻어졌다. 실험은 펄스 초음파 송수기 및 $2{\mu}m/step$으로 이동하는 정밀 x-y-z 스테이지를 컴퓨터에 연결하여 자동 측정하는 것으로 수행되었는데, 그 결과는 이론 해석결과와 비교적 잘 일치하였다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.855-890
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• 1999

Necessary and sufficient conditions on the weight functions u(.) and $\upsilon$(.) are derived in order that the fractional maximal operator $M\alpha,\;0\;\leq\;\alpha\;<\;1$, is bounded from the weighted amalgam space $\ell^s(L^p(\mathbb{R},\upsilon(x)dx)$ into $\ell^r(L^q(\mathbb{R},u(x)dx)$ whenever $1\leq s\leq r<\infty\;and\;1. The boundedness problem for the fractional intergral operator $I_{\alpha},0<\alpha\leq1$, is also studied.