• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.281-290
• /
• 2000

We varied recombination method of fenetic algorithm (GA), i.e., crossover step, to compare efficiency of these methods, and to find more optimum GA method. In one method (A), we select two conformations(parents) to be recombined by systematic combination of lowest energy conformations, and in the other (B), we select them in a ratio proportional to the energy of the conformation. Second variation lies in how to select crossover point. First, we select it randomly(1). Second, we select range of residues where internal energy of the molecule does not vary for more than two residues, select randomly among such regions, and we select either thr first (2a) or the second residue (2b) from the N-terminal side, or the first (2c) or the second residue (2d) from the C-terminal side in the selected region for crossover point. Third, we select longest such hregion, and select such residue(as cases 2) (3a, 3b, 3c or 3d) of the region. These methods were tested in a 2-dimensionl lattice system for 8 different sequences (the same ones used by Unger and Moult., 1993). Results show that compared to Unger and Moult's result(UM) which corresponds to B-1 case, our B-1 case performed similarly in overall. There are many cases where our new methods performed better than UM for some different sequences. When cooling factor affecting higher energy conformation to be accepted in Monte Carlo step was reduced, our B-1 and other cases performed better than UM; we found lower energy conformers, and found same energy conformers in a smaller steps. We discuss importance of cooling factor variation in Monte Carlo simulations of protein folding for different proteins. (A) method tends to find the minimum conformer faster than (B) method, and (3) method is superior or at least equal to (1) method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.415-424
• /
• 2024

Lots of progress have been made about pathogen system of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV), however, interactions between H. rosa-sinensis and HCRSV remain largely unknown. Hereon, firstly, HCRSV infection in H. rosa-sinensis from Zhangzhou city of China was confirmed by traditional electron microscopy, modern reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNA-seq methods. Secondly, sequence feature analysis showed the full-length sequence of HCRSV-ZZ was 3,909 nucleotides (nt) in length and had a similar genomic structure with other carmovirus. It contains a 5' untranslated region (UTR), followed by seven open reading frames encoding for P28, P23, P81, P8, P9, P38, and P25, and the last a 3-terminal UTR. Thirdly, HCRSV-ZZ-derived vsiRNAs were identified and characterized for the first time from disease H. rosa-sinensis through sRNA-seq to reveal interactions between pathogen ant plant host. It was shown that the majority of HCRSV-ZZ-derived vsiRNAs were 21 nt, 22 nt, and 20 nt, with 21 nt being most abundant. The 5'-terminal nucleotide of HCRSV-ZZ vsiRNAs preferred U and C. HCRSV-ZZ vsiRNAs derived predominantly (72%) from the viral genome positive-strand RNA. The distribution of HCRSV-ZZ vsiRNAs along the viral genome is generally even, with some hot spots and cold spots forming in local regions. These hot spots and cold spots could be corresponded to the regions of stem loop secondary structures forming in HCRSV-ZZ genome by nucleotide paring. Taken together, our findings certify HCRSV infection in H. rosa-sinensis and provide an insight into interaction between HCRSV and H. rosa-sinensis and contribute to the prevention and treatment of this virus.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 여자 청소년들의 휴대전화 사용행태와 컴퓨터단말기증후군 증상경험을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료 수집은 2013년 5월 6일부터 6월 3일까지 중학교 및 고등학교에 재학 중인 여학생들을 대상으로 VDT 증후군 자각증상 조사표를 이용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계 및 Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test 등으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 대상자들의 96.3%가 휴대전화를 사용하고 있었으며 컴퓨터단말기증후군 증상을 하나 이상 경험한 비율은 87.7%였으며, 증상경험 점수는 $.39{\pm}.41$점이었다. 눈 관련 증상을 가장 많이 경험하였으며, 근골격계 증상의 정도가 가장 심하였다. 컴퓨터단말기증후군 증상경험은 휴대전화 사용자세, 사용시간, 사용 중 휴식여부에 따라 차이가 있었다. 따라서 휴대전화 사용 시 바른 자세로 사용하고, 사용 중에는 휴식 시간을 갖는 것이 컴퓨터단말기증후군 증상경험 완화에 도움이 될 것이다. 또한 여자 청소년들이 자신의 휴대전화 이용 상태를 객관적으로 점검할 수 있도록 휴대전화 이용 상태 진단 도구의 개발과 주기적인 점검 기회를 제공할 필요가 있으며, 휴대전화 중독 위험집단에게는 중재 프로그램 또는 예방교육이 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.179-189
• /
• 1984

본실험(本實驗)은 고등식물의 유년기(幼年期)를 단축시키기 위한 연구(硏究)의 일환(一環)으로, 최적환경 조건하에서 리베스(Ribes nigrum L., var. 'Rosenthals Langtraubige Schwarze')식물(植物)의 선척적 유년기(Primary Juvenile Phase)와 후천적 유년기(Secondary Juvenile Phase)간의 개화생리(開花生理) 특성(特性)을 비교(比較) 조사(調査)하므로써 리베스의 화아(花芽)유도 성숙기(Ripeness to Flower). 화아분화(花芽分化) 메카니즘, 그리고 유년기(幼年期) 생리(生理)에 관(關)한 기초자료를 얻고자 행(行)하였다. 리베스의 Primary Juvenile Stage는 7개월로써 Secondary Juvenile State 5개월 보다 다소 길었다. 화아유도 성숙기는 P.J.식물(植物)에서는 20. node였으나, S.J.-식물(植物)에서는 이미 5. node에서 도달하였다. 따라서 동등한 node를 지닌 개체간의 화아형성율(花芽形成率)은 P.J.-식물(植物)에서 S.J.-식물(植物)보다 현저히 적었다. 리베스의 화아분화(花芽分化)는 첨단생장점이 아닌 Shoot의 중앙부(中央部)에서부터 유도되며, P.J.-식물(植物)은 줄기 상부(上部) 약 30. node, S.J.-식물(植物)은 하부(下部) 약 20. node부터 시작되었다. P.J.-식물(植物)에서는 기저(基底) 20. node까지의 Shoot는 화아형성(花芽形成)이 불가능한 조직 즉 불임(不姙) Zone으로 확인된 반면, S.J.-식물(植物)은 기저에서도 가임성(可姙性)으로 꽃눈형성이 활발히 진행되었다. 자연광주기(自然光週期)에 의한 첨단 생장점의 생육억제는 S.J.-식물(植物)에서 P.J.-식물(植物)보다 훨씬 더 민감하게 자극하였다. 이러한 현상은 S.J.-식물(植物)에서 광사비어네틱자극(Photocybernetic Stimulus)을 접수하는 광수용체(Photoacceptor)가 단일(短日)조건하에서 매우 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 추리(推理)할 수 있다. Wareing et al. (1976)이 내세운 Thesis. '리베스 기저부(基底部)의 불임성(Basis Sterility)이, 높은 $GA_3$함량에 기인된다'는 주장은 본실험(本實驗)으로 부인(否認)되었다. 따라서, 응용학적(應用學的) 측면에서 고려해 볼 때, 리베스식물(植物)의 육종기간 단축을 위한 모든 화아분화(花芽分化) 촉진 조치는 P.J.-식물(植物)이 20. node이상 생육하였을 때 취하는 것이 효율적인 것으로 결론 지어진다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.433-441
• /
• 2007

바이오센서는 생명공학 또는 의학 분야에서 사용되는 인간의 생체 신호를 감지할 수 있는 센서들로 의료기기에 주로 사용되는데, 최근 MEMS 기술의 발달로 작은 크기의 하드웨어에 센서 인터페이스, 프로세서, 무선통신, 배터리 등을 포함한 모듈을 센서노드(모트 : Mote)들로 구성된 센서기반 네트워크에서 바이오센서 네트워크로 응용분야를 확장하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 바이오센서 기술과 센서네트워크 기술을 융합한 기술인 바이오 센서네트워크를 활용한 응급 구조 시스템의 설계 및 구현을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템에 사용된 바이오센서는 근전도(EKG), 혈압(Blood Pressure), 맥박(Heart Rate), 산소포화도(Pulse Oximeter), 혈당(Glucose)센서들로, 바이오센서에서 측정된 생체 신호를 센서네트워크 모트를 통해 데이타를 수집하고, 수집된 데이타를 이용하여 건강관리 측정 데이타로 활용하였으며 측정된 데이터는 무선단말기(PDA, 휴대폰), 전자액자 디스플레이장치 등에서 확인 가능하도록 구성하였다. 아울러, 제안한 u- 응급 구조 시스템의 유효성을 실험하기 위해서 사용자의 바이탈사인 정보와 주변 환경정보를 고려한 실험을 수행하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2002

Nitric oxide has high affinity for iron, and thus it can cause intracellular iron loss. We tested the idea that intracellular iron can be the primary target of NO toxicity by comparing the signaling mechanisms involved in cell death caused by iron depletion and that caused by NO. Treatment of HL-60 cells with a NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), decreased the intracellular iron level rapidly as that observed with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). Iron chelators such as DFO and mimosine could induce death of human leukemic HL-60 cells by a mechanism requiring activation of p38 kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, caspase-3 and caspase-8. DFO and SNAP also caused release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Inhibition of p38 kinase by a selective inhibitor, SB203580, abolished the NO and DFO-induced cell death, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8, thus indicating that p38 kinase lies upstream in the cell death processes. In a parallel situation, the cells that are sensitive to NO showed similar sensitivity to DFO. Moreover, simultaneous addition of ferric citrate, an iron-containing compound, inhibited the SNAP and DFO-induced activation of caspases and also blocked the NO-mediated cell cycle arrest at $G_1$ phase. Collectively, our data implicate that the NO-induced cell death of tumor cells including HL-60 cells is mediated by depletion of iron and further suggest that activation of p38 kinase lies upstream of cytochrome c release and caspase activation involved in this apoptotic process.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2014

Graduate education in general means nurturing scholars who are capable of research that adds to the 'body of knowledge' and educators in the higher education system. Therefore 'discovering' new knowledge has always been a major role of graduate schools. However, interior design is a special field that 'application' can also produce new knowledge and therefore a wider understanding of scholarship is needed especially in the graduate level education. The purpose of this paper is to understand Interior Design graduate education system in the United States in order to develop issues that need to be discusses and addressed in Korea. Therefore, this paper first examines meanings of graduate degrees in general and current situation of Interior degrees offered in Korea. Then investigates the different types of graduate degrees in the U.S. such as post-professional degrees, first-professional degrees, and differences in general degree(M.A., M.S.) and professional degrees (M.F.A., M.I.D.). The researcher has used websites of each school and information lists of degrees offered by KIID and IDEC that serves as the main educators council in each countries. The characteristics of graduate degrees in America can be described as a structured system based on variety, flexibility, and distinction. For instance, M.F.A means a professional degree that is focused on building theory based project abilities, longer period to study but counted as a terminal in the field. However, in Korea even though the title of the degrees may differ there is not much difference shown in the educational contents. Therefore issues such as developing a more universal and international degree system, flexible and selective educational road-map, mutual understanding and unified system between various organizations for better graduate education system are proposed. Moreover, hope to start a discourse on defining scholarship and professionalism in the field of Interior Design.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2006

효율적인 도심 관리를 위해 다양한 시스템들이 사용되어 왔다. 본고에서는, radio over fiber (RoF) 와 passive optical network (PON) 기술을 결합하여 각 시스템 장점들을 이용하는 통합 도심 관리 시스템 (IUMS)을 소개한다. 아울러, 미래 ubiquitous city (U-city)의 실현을 위한 통합 도심 관리 시스템 적용의 타당성을 부여하기 위해 버스 정보 시스템 (BIS), 유무선 방재 시스템 (DDPS) 및 실시간 위치 정보 추적 시스템 (RTLS) 등을 포함한 다양한 통합 도심 관리 시스템을 적용한 서비스들을 상세히 기술한다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.363-369
• /
• 1999

The orf8(chlD) gene cloned from Streptomyces antibioticus T$\"{u}$99 was overexpressed using an E. coli system to confirm its biological function. Induction of the E. coli strain transformed with recombinant plasmid pRFJ 1031 containing orf8 resulted in the production of a 43,000 dalton protein. Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity of the cell extract obtained from the transformed strain was 4-5 times higher than that of the control strain. The expressed protein was purified 18-fold from E. coli cell lysate using three chromatographic steps with a 17% overall recovery to near homogeneity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein agrees with the nucleotide sequence predicted from the orf8 gene. The SDS-PAGE estimated subunit mass of 43,000 dalton agrees well with that calculated from the amino acid composition deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the orf8 gene (43,000 Da). Also, the native enzyme has a monomeric structure with a molecular mass of 43,000 dalton. The purified protein showed glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase activity catalyzing a reversible bimolecular group transfer reaction, and was highly specific for dTTP and ${\alpha}$-D-glucose 1-phosphate as substrates in the forward reaction, and for dTDP-D-glucose and pyrophosphate in the reverse reaction.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.223-231
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Soy isoflavones are expected to improve menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis in women. However, their efficacy is still inconclusive, and there was limited data for postmenopausal women in South Korea. We examined the effects of soy isoflavones on climacteric symptoms, bone biomarkers, and quality of life in Korean postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A randomized, double-blind study design was used. Eighty-seven participants who had undergone natural menopause were randomly administered either 70 mg/day isoflavones (n = 43) or placebo (n = 41) for 12 weeks. We assessed the Kupperman index for climacteric symptoms and the menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) questionnaire for quality of the life. Biomarkers of bone metabolism were also measured in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), N- and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type Ι collagen (NTx, CTx), and urine-deoxypyridinolin (u-DPD). RESULTS: Scores of the Kupperman index were decreased in both the isoflavones group ($-7.0{\pm}15.8$, P = 0.0074) and placebo group ($-6.3{\pm}14.6$, P = 0.0064) during the intervention, but no significant difference was noted between the groups. Regarding the bone formation markers, the level of serum BALP increased by $6.3{\pm}4.1%$ (P = 0.004) and OC increased by $9.3{\pm}6.2%$ (P < 0.001), meanwhile those of the placebo were not changed. For the bone resorption markers, NTx, CTx, and u-DPD were not significantly different in either group. MENQOL was significant decreased in the isoflavone group ($-0.6{\pm}0.5$) and placebo group ($-0.6{\pm}0.4$), with a significant difference between groups (P = 0.0228). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that 70 mg isoflavones supplement has beneficial effects on bone formation markers; however, it showed no benefit compared to the placebo on climacteric symptoms or quality of life.