• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

In a study of a peculiarity of the Korean residence construction as the central Jeong Yeo Chang's Residence, we proposed varieties service models for an anthropocentric U-Korean style with "a convenience, a security, an economical, a pleasure". It was to assume for this research that was established in case of all necessity IT infrastructures, and was structural alterations to a Korean residence sectional. It was used for Wall-Pad(Home Gateway) for controlling services, gas valves, remote inspection of a meter, curtains, doorlocks, boilers, temperature controllers, indoor ventilation systems, breakers, and expansion of crime prevention, energy. With introducing various service models on U-Korean style house, removing a negative view about Korean residence, we drew the best suited residence condition combining with a merit of the Korean residence and the Ubiquitous Intelligent Home Service. In order to realize U-Korean style house at the right time at the right place, a maintenance was required to be ensured based on social infrastructures and institutions and laws.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

This study is to establish the dwelling principle and architectural characteristics of Powhatan Indian Community in Eastern part of North America. To find a pattern and dwelling principle of town building and housing, I have researched both site survey of Powhatan at Jamestown Settlement in Virginia and a related references of North America Indian. In addition of study, I have tried to understand their life style in 17C, a spatial characteristics of space composition, and a using materials of Yehakin which means Powhatan's house in the exhibition hall of Jamestown Settlement. The results of this paper are as follows: First, the form of Powhatan house is like a longhouse which has two types that are oblong and rectangular house. Usually they had lived in the style of oblong house. Second, there are three patterns to set up the semi-permanent settlement of Powhatan, which are circle-type, street-type, and free-type of village. Third, the fire place of interior space that is most importance element to heat and cook is put it into the center of room, and the other beds and shelves are arranged by the side of wall which is covered of rush matt.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2019

The Fisher House, the first Korean Legation in the USA was located at 1513 O Street in Washington, D.C. This house was a three-story brick building with a height of 12.2m(8.84m up to the eaves) and a mansard roof. Facing the street, it is 7.32m (24 feet) wide and 23.6m(77.4 feet) depth. There is a long hallway after the entrance and a parlor with a grand fireplace next to it. This long hallway leads to a central hallway with another fireplace and a central staircase connecting the 2nd and 3rd floors. After the stairs a dining room is with a fireplace in the middle, which then leads to a pantry for dishes and the kitchen. It can also be argued that The Fisher House was the first Western-style residence for Koreans who were officially dispatched from the government. On the other hand, when living in The Fisher House, Park Jung-yang, who was sent on the three premises of the Yeonjak, directly experienced how the United States sought independence from the U.K. through the Declaration of Independence, Mount Vernon, the Washington monument, the Arlington National Cemetery, and battlefields. Even though he was summoned back to Korea by China in less than a year, Park Jung-yang actively supported the independence movement when he became acting prime minister in 1896. In this regard, The Fisher House arguably is the birthplace of Korea's independence movement.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2013

Korean Government has developed Sejong City as a new administration city. This city of future was planned and designed toward one of the most eco-friendly city on the basis of ICTs. To attain this object, a carbon emission monitoring system (CEMS) was designed and installed as a part of u-city service which provides various information anytime and anywhere to enrich the people's quality of life. In this paper, at first, the structure and functions of CEMS are introduced. This system is consist of 5 parts - data collection from user and linked public DBs, transforming data into meaningful information for the policy makers, system-user interfacing via statistical tables and graphs, and system maintenance. This system can be operated by the citizen participation through whole the process. With the help of GIS map and graphic interface, statistics of monitored data for both citizen and decision maker provided and after feed-back, they have affected on the behaviour of citizen's energy consumption and related policy as well. By the CEMS, energy consumption data of 124 agreed households were collected during 9 months in 2012. Electricity, gas and water consumption were remote-metered automatically by the system and analysed. This showed that more than 85% of CO2 emission is rely on electricity usage. Furthermore, number of family members and size of house influences on the emission of CO2 by each household together with the life-style of the occupants. Electricity and water consumption showed the seasonal factor while gas consumption represents the number of family members. Even this paper has limitations caused by 9 months of data collection, it shows the policy directions to reduce the emission of CO2 focusing on the house size and number of family members of each households. With the result of this research, life-style of the generation of dwellers should be investigated and the CO2 emission characteristics of other housing type as well for the data building for future policy making.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.876-883
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• 2015

Han-green project, which pursues Korean style post and beam timber house with traditional construction technique of Han-ok, has been carried out in KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute) since 2006. Recently, the improvement of its building energy performance was studied with energy-saving elements. This study was conducted to provide the insulation details of building envelopes in a post-beam timber house for recent enhanced insulation standards and following effect on building energy performance. The level of thermal transmittance (U-value) values of building envelopes was composed of two stages: present Korean insulation standards and passive house. To evaluate building energy performance, the building airtightness values of two stages was ACH50 = $3.0h^{-1}$ for common domestic timber house constructed recently, and ACH50 = $0.6h^{-1}$ for passive house. Consequently, four cases of the building energy performance according to the combination of U-value with airtightness were evaluated. The test house for evaluation was located in Seoul and its energy performance was evaluated with CE3 commercial building energy simulation program. The result showed that enhanced insulation from level I to II reduced $14kWh/(m^2{\cdot}a)$ of annual heating energy demand regardless of airtightness.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.595-601
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends and patterns of various kind of water uses in a household by metering in Korea. Water use components are classified by toilet, washbowl, bathing, laundry, kitchen, miscellaneous. Flow meters are installed in 140 household selected by sampling in all around Korea. The data are gathered by web-based data collection system from the year 2002 to 2006, considering pre-investigated data such as occupation, revenue, family members, housing types, age, floor area, water saving devices, education, miscellaneous. Reliable data are selected by upper fence method for each observed water use component and statistical characteristics are estimated for each residential type to determine liter per capita per day. Estimated domestic per capita day show an indoor water use with the range from 150 lpcd to 169 lpcd for each housing type as the order of high rise apartment, multi-house, and single house. As the order of consuming amount among water use components, it is investigated that toilet (38.5 lpcd) is the first, and the second is laundry water (30.8 lpcd), the third is kitchen (28.4 lpcd), the fourth is bathtub (24.7 lpcd), the next is washbowl (15.4 lpcd). The results are compared with water uses in U.K. and U.S. As life style has been changed into western style, pattern of water use in Korea is tend to be similar with the U.S. water use pattern. Compared with the surveying results by Bradley, on 1985. Thirty liter of total use increased with the advancement of economic level, and a little change of water use pattern can be found. Especially, toilet water take almost half part of total water use and laundry water shows lowest as 11% in surveying at the year of 1985. But, this study shows that 39 liter, 28% of toilet water, has been decreased by the spread of saving devices and campaign. It is supposed that the spread large sized laundry machine make by-hand laundry has been decreased and water use increased. Unit water amount of each end-use in household can be applied to design factor for water and wastewater facilities, and it play a role as information in establishing water demand forecasting and conservation policy.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2007

The aim of this paper was to compare differences and similarities of farmhouses between Denmark and Korea as a cross-cultural study. Farmhouses built during the 18th and 19th centuries in Denmark, and ones from Chosun Dynasty (AD. 1392-1910) in Korea were targets of this study. Literature study and field trips to districts and open-air museums in both countries were used. Field trips were carried out during summer of 2005 in Denmark, and fall of 2005 in Korea. Detailed comparisons focused on farmhouse plans, the use of rooms and furnishing, and building materials. As a conclusion, some differences were found between the two countries. In terms of farmhouse plans, square types with four wings, and parallel types were the most frequent forms in Denmark, while a few types, such as the "I", "L", "U" shapes and square types, were more frequently found in Korea. In Denmark, the most important room was the dwelling-room, in which daily family life took place. Every member of the family slept, ate, and worked here, and kept geese and young animals during the winter season. Therefore, this room was laid out in the center of the house. However, Anbang, the most important room in Korea, was not situated in the best part of the house. Instead, the Daechung-maru occupied the center and the best place because the daechung-maru, in which the ancestral ceremony was held, was thought of as more important than a place for live people. Also the use of rooms and furnishing was quite different between the two countries, reflecting each life style. Danish furnishings represented practical daily life, while Korean furnishings reflected more conceptual aspects. It might have resulted from Confucianism in the Chosun Dynasty, which ruled daily life and even influenced use of rooms and furnishings. In other word, philosophy influenced common peoples' daily life and living environment. With reference to building materials, there was rarely a difference between the two countries. Major materials for farmhouse were quite common, such as half-timbering wood and clay, but the difference was in bricks and roof coverings. Bricks were rarely used in Korean farmhouses, while rice-straw was rare for the roof of a Danish farmhouse. Of course, the choice of materials was strongly affected by the local surroundings and overall environment. This result can give some clues for design ideas when architects and interior designers plan housing that is adapted for local peoples. This kind of cross-cultural study can also contribute to one's understanding of foreign culture, especially in housing and culture. And, it can broaden one's insight of design ideas for designers who have to compete frequently with designers in foreign countries.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.249-260
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• 2019

Recently, the proportion of single-person households is on the increase in Korea, expected to reach 34.6% in 2035. Among the single-person households, Young single family households are facing greater difficulties due to high house prices in Korea. The government is expanding its support to Young single family, executing various policies such as public lease housings, private lease housings for youth, youth dormitory, etc. The purpose of this study is to understand the exact housing requirement of Young single family households who have different lifestyles with other age groups and provide base line data for youth house planning which will be in use later on. Study methods are shown below. First, this research studied the status and characteristics of Young single family households by looking into literature. Second, by studying previous studies concerned with life style and housing preferences of youth, the tool for investigating preferences and needs of housing environment by Young single family households was composed. Third, survey on characterstics of space usage, preferences and needs on flat composition, and preferences of interior design were conducted based on lifestyle of Young single family-households. The survey was conducted as an online survey using SNS for 150 Young single family holds from the age of 20 and 39, including students and office workers from December 2018 to January 2019. The results are as following. (1) Looking into the space usage characteristics, considering that various activities other than basic functions take place in bedroom and living room of small-sized Young single family households, we need to consider this additionally when planning the housing. (2) Looking into the preferences and composite needs of flat composition, the subjects demand separate bed room and more living room space, and also demand expansion of living room space where various activities take place and additional storage such as dress room in bed room (3) The preferences toward interior design show preferences toward modern style and achromatic color, a representative color. The subjects also prefer floor finishing materials normally used for living spaces, and indirect, soft lighting that uses wall. Also, there are differences between interior design preferences between students (20's) and office workers(30's) due to their different lifestyles. Research is needed to propose practical residential environment requirements and plans through a case study of actual public rental housing and a wider range of users.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.259-274
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• 2013

Culture is already deeply imbued in our lives. The furniture has become a way of life and the human became part of the culture. In this study, the aim is to explore the traditional furniture that is projected through the culture as a lifestyle. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the cultural implication in Korean traditional wooden furniture. Specific research questions in this study are as follows; 1) How to reflected house structure culture at traditional woodcraft furniture? 2) How to reflected interior space culture at traditional woodcraft furniture? 3) How to projected life form style culture at traditional woodcraft furniture? 4) How to harmonize between modern life culture and traditional woodcraft furniture? In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the literature of review was used masters of Korea's traditional woodcraft furniture. To collect information of Korean traditional furniture, the furniture was selected representative pieces of Korean Joseon Dynasty and interviewed an important intangible cultural asset somokjang. Based on the explore of Korean traditional furniture, the conclusions of this study are as follows; first, in the viewpoint of house framework culture, most of traditional furniture was made u sing a narrow interior space and was to be placed in close contact with the walls, and was developed as a type of molding on the front of the furniture to pursue beauty. Second, in the viewpoint of ondol culture, traditional furniture was closed to the wall by using low height furniture and furniture legs the structure punghyeol was used to reflect the phenomena of convective heat and humidity. Third, in the viewpoint of life form culture, traditional furniture was made that sat-down at eye level configuration is proportional to its size and height and appropriately been made. And patterns reflect the wishes of most things in nature and to be blessed with longevity origin were used in the decoration of wooden furniture. Finally, in the viewpoint of modern life culture, traditional furniture is simple but not dirty, and splendid but not luxurious. So although traditional wooden furniture are in any room or place, never discouraged by the dignity.