• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.494-505
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• 2019

In this study, the antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle effects of methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus vaninii were investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of 2.0 mg/mL HE (95.38%) was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (96.97%), the reference standard. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of ME (98.19%) and HE (97.55%) were higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (92.66%) at 2.0 mg/mL. Neither ME nor HE was cytotoxic to murine melanoma B16-F10 cells at 25-750 ㎍/mL. Although the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory effects of ME and HE were significantly lower than that of allopurinol, the values were higher than 84 percent. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activities of ME and HE were comparable to kojic acid at 2.0 mg/mL. The cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthetic activities of ME and HE on B16-F10 melanoma cells at 500 ㎍/mL were higher than arbutin, indicating that the inhibitory effects of arbutin on the tyrosinase and melanin synthesis were higher than those of ME and HE. The collagenase inhibitory activity of HE was comparable to EGCG at 2.0 mg/mL, however, the elastase inhibitory activity of ME and HE was lower than EGCG at the concentration tested. The study results demonstrated that the fruiting bodies of Ph. vaninii possessed good antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, cell-free anti-tyrosinase, cellular anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase, and moderate anti-elastase activities, which might be used for the development of novel anti-gout, skin-whitening, and skin anti-wrinkle agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2015

In this study, we prepared Eriobotrya japonica leaf extracts by several extraction processes and then evaluated their biological activities for their potential application as a new raw material of functional cosmetic. Their whitening effects were measured by tyrosinase inhibitory activities, and anti-inflammatory effects were determined by inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) production. Among the several extracts obtained from E. japonica leaf, supercritical fluid extract showed tyrosinase inhibitory activities at the concentration of 10%. Inhibitory activity on NO production effect related to anti-inflammatory efficacy was in the order: supercritical fluid extract > ethanol extract > hot water extract. According to the results of MTT assay, cell cytotoxicity was not observed at all concentrations except for a 5% concentration of the 70% ethanol extract. For whitening effects, 30% ethanol and 70% ethanol extract showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity at the concentration of 5%. These results indicated that E. japonica leaf extracts could have the functional effects when they are added as ingredients in cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1336-1341
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to research the whitening effects of the extract from Angelica gigas Nakai, which is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in Asia. For whitening effects, the tyrosinase inhibition effect of the A. gigas Nakai extract was shown to be greater than 70% at 1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The result of measuring the cell toxicity effect of the extract from A. gigas Nakai on melanoma cells showed 99% toxicity at 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), and tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory effect by reverse transcription-PCR of the extract from A. gigas Nakai were decreased by 85.7%, 123.9%, 68.8%, and 208%, respectively, at 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. All these findings could verify that extract from A. gigas Nakai could have an effect on whitening. Moreover, extract from A. gigas Nakai has great potential as a cosmetic ingredient.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effects of acteoside and isoacteoside isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, acteoside and isoacteoside had a potent anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Both acteoside and isoacteoside dose-dependently inhibited silica-induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation in B16 melanoma cells. They significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin production in MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells. The inhibitory effect of acteoside was more potent than that of isoacteosidee. In Western blot of tyrosinase, acteoside inhibited MSH-induced tyrosinase expression in B16 melanoma cells, which is related to the inhibitory action of acteoside on tyrosinase activity and melanin production. These results show that acteoside and isoacteoside from Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg has a potent antioxidant activity and whitening activity. The underlying mechanism of acteoside on whitening activity may be due to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase expression.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.409-413
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• 2000

Previously, the methanolic extracts of thirty Korean medicinal plant seeds were screened for tyrosinase inhibitors using a rapid and simple TLC method, which was superior to a conventional spectrophotometrical in vitro assay. As a result, the methanolic extracts of Thuja orientalis seeds was found to have strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To isolate active tyrosinase inhibitors, the seeds were defatted with n-hexane under reflux, and then extracted twice with methanol under reflux at 90$^{\circ}C$. The methanolic extract was evaporated to a small volumn in vacuo, and then successively fractionated with ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The ether extract showing significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity was solubilized with 5% NaHCO$_3$and then acidified with 6N HCI. The ether souble acidic fraction was successively ohromatographed on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative TLC. Among four compounds isolated, two of them showed stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity, comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid (IC$\sub$50/=28$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). These results suggest that Thuja orientalis seeds may be useful as potential sources of antibrowning agents in fruits and vegetables, and anti-melanoma agents in cosmetics and phamaceuticals.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.585-590
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of aqueous ethanolic extract from the immature fruits of Malus pumila cv. Fuji were evaluated. The antioxidant capacities of the extract was investigated employing radical scavenging assays using DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radicals. The skin-whitening effect of M. pumila cv. Fuji extract was tested using mushroom tyrosinase assay. In addition, the total phenolic content was measured by a spectrophotometric analysis. All tested samples showed a dose-dependent radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Among the tested samples, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the immature fruits of M. pumila cv. Fuji was showed the significant DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radicals scavenging activities. Also, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from immature apples was higher than other solvent-soluble portion. These results suggest that unripe fruits of M. pumila cv. Fuji could be considered as a new valuable source of natural antioxidant and skin-whitening agents. Systematic investigation of immature fruits of Malus pumila cv. Fuji will be performed for the further development of its biological properties.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.437-440
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• 2004

To determine the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis, gardenia fruit was extracted initially with $95\%$ ethanol (w/v), The ethanol extract was fractionated subsequently with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate in that order. The inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract on tyrosinase activity was higher than water extract. When 10 mg/mL of ethyl acetate fraction was applied, the inhibition ratio of tyrosinase activity was much higher ($99.7{\pm}0.1\%$) than that of arbutin. The inhibition of melanogenesis using B16F10 melanoma cell, the ethanol extract also showed higher inhibitory effect than water extract. The highest inhibitory activity of melanogenesis was also shown in ethyl acetate fraction ($89.1{\pm}1.4\%$ at the cone. of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$). These results suggests that gardenia extracts might be used to be a potential agents for whitening.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2009

The 3-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSARs) models between the substituents with changing groups ($R_1$ & $R_2$) of 4-($R_1$)-benzyl alcohol and 4-($R_2$)-phenol derivatives as substrate molecule and their inhibitory activities against tyrosinase were derived and discussed quantitatively. The optimized CoMSIA 2 model have best predictability and fitness ($r^2\;=\;0.858$ & $q^2\;=\;0.951$). The contour maps of optimized CoMSIA 2 model showed that, the inhibitory activities of the analogues against tyrosinase were expected to increase when hydrophobic favor, negative charge favor, steric disfavor and hydrogen bond donor disfavor groups were substituted at the $R^2$ position. When the positive charge and the hydrogen bond donor favor groups were substituted at the $R_1$ position, it is predicted that the substituents will be able to increase the inhibitory activity. However, hydrogen bond acceptor did not affect inhibitory activities of tyrosinase.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 2015

Three different Allium plants, including wild garlic (Allium monanthum Max; AMM), onion (Allium cepa L.; ACL) and green onion (Allium fistulosum L; AFL), have been widely used as spicy food in daily life. This study was attempted to investigate the properties of antioxidant, whitening and anti-wrinkle activities in water extracts in Allium plants. The antioxidant, whitening and anti-Wrinkle activities were evaluated by performing DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, and elastase, respectively. The water extract (10 mg/mL) of onion, wild garlic and green onion exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activities of 28.46%, 28.45%, and 15.91%, respectively. The inhibitory effects of tyrosinase activities by wild garlic, green onion, and onion were increased by heating the extracts at $90^{\circ}C$. Additionally, the wild garlic extract showed higher elastase inhibitory activity than those of other plant extracts. These results suggest that water extracts of Allium plants may be useful as potential sources of beauty foods due to higher antioxidant, anti-melanin and anti-wrinkle activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2019

In this study, the inhibitory effects of crude polysaccharide fractions separated from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (PCP) on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were observed. B16F10 melanoma cells were treated with 125 and $250{\mu}g/mL$ of PCP for 24 hours. Using these optimal concentrations, inhibition of melanin synthesis inhibition was measured, and PCP treatment significantly reduced melanin synthesis induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). In addition, western blotting analysis on B16F10 melanoma cells showed that PCP inhibited tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcriptipn factor, tyrosinase related protein-1, and tyrosinase related protein-2 expression. Therefore, these results indicate that PCP may have potential inhibitory activity against melanin synthesis and may be a natural ingredient useful for the development of whitening materials in cosmetics and functional foods.