• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2010

To obtain basic data on the use of lotus as a raw material in functional food, antioxidant and anticancer activities of the leaf and root were investigated. Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents, at 12.84 mg/g and 24.33 mg/g respectively, were higher in white lotus leaf (WLL) than in any other part of the plant. The radical-scavenging activity of different tissues of lotus, measured in the DPPH radical-scavenging assay, increased with higher concentrations of solvent fractions. The butanol fraction of white lotus leaf showed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The reducing power of fractions increased in a dose-dependent manner. The butanol fraction of WLL had the greatest reducing power, and showed strong antioxidant activity in the linoleic acid system, and high-level inhibition of tyrosinase. Fractions from lotus were also capable of scavenging nitrite, depending on the concentration of the fractions. Butanol fractions of the leaf of white and red lotus scavenged 95.61% and 92.15% of available nitrite, respectively, when used at 1 mg/mL concentrations. Butanol fractions from leaf of white and red lotus exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on human lung and colon cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1495-1502
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• 2010

This study was for the industrial application of functional food ingredients from whole fruits of sweet persimmon. Whole fruit and pulp of sweet persimmons were divided, and then lyophilized and powdered. Contents of crude fiber, vitamin C, and mineral were significantly higher in whole fruit than pulp of sweet persimmon. The amino acid content of whole fruit was 1.4 times higher than those of sweet persimmon pulp. In the biological activities of water and ethanol extracts from whole fruit and pulp of sweet persimmon, ethanol extract was higher than water extract, and whole fruit was higher than its pulp. The result which compared the biological activities of the water and ethanol extract from lyophilized sweet persimmon showed that total phenolic content was significantly higher in whole fruit of sweet persimmon, but flavonoid contents were not significantly different. Especially ABTS, NO radical scavenging activity, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition activity were significantly higher in whole fruit extract than pulp extract of sweet persimmon. The relatively high content of fiber and vitamin C, and biological activity of whole fruit than pulp of sweet persimmon may be make it preferable as functional food materials for secondary processed goods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.736-742
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• 2008

To evaluate changes in functional characteristics of traditional Doenjang during aging, Doenjang was prepared using an extract of Phellinus linteus (Phellinus extract). Control Doenjang was aged without the extract. The protease activity of Doenjang prepared with Phellinus extract was 3.15 units/mL. Tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were 45.78% and 55.18% of control, respectively, in the treated sample. When Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TA100 was used as a reporter strain, antimutagenic activities against the mutagens MNNG and NPD were 90.42% and 82.57% of control values in the treated sample. When S. enterica serovar Typhimurium TA98 was used, antimutagenic activities were 60.28% and 50.33% of control, respectively. Hydrogen-donating activity was 86.65% in the treated sample, which was higher than that of the control (61.69%). Daidzin (an isoflavon glucoside) levels in Doenjang prepared with Phellinus extract were higher, by 35.49 mg/kg, than the control, whereas genistin was not detected in either group. Daidzin and genistin aglycone levels were 263.01 mg/kg and 262.60 mg/kg in the control and test groups, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2017

18 flowers of Compositae family were collected and extracted in aqueous methanol (MeOH). The concentrated extract was partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-BuOH, and water fractions. The extract and fractions were evaluated for total phenolics, total flavonoids, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity. n-Hexane and EtOAc fractions of Aster yomena, n-hexane fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus White, n-hexane and EtOAc fractions of C. bipinnatus Pink showed high total phenolics. And EtOAc fractions of A. yomena, C. bipinnatus White, C. bipinnatus Red, C. morifolium Froggy, and C. morifolium Himaya exhibited high total flavonoids. EtOAc fractions of A. yomena, C. bipinnatus White, C. bipinnatus Pink, C. morifolium Yellowmable, and MeOH extract of C. morifolium Rosa significantly scavenged DPPH radical. EtOAc fractions of C. chinensis, C. bipinnatus White, C. bipinnatus Red, C. morifolium Himaya, and C. morifolium Hongsim highly inhibited the tyrosinase activity. A. yomena, C. bipinnatus White, C. bipinnatus Pink, C. bipinnatus Red and C. morifolium Himaya are evaluated as good source for whitening cosmetics materials.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2014

For the development of high value consumables utilizing jujube and grape, we investigated the biological activities of a variety of existing fermentation products of jujube and grape. The results revealed that ethanol fermentation products of jujube and grape had a higher antioxidative activity than acetic acid fermentation products. In addition, the ethanol fermentation products of jujube (JEF) had the highest antioxidative activity, with it being greater than that of the ethanol fermentation products of grape (GEF), the acetic acid fermentation products of jujube (JAF) and the acetic acid fermentation products of grape (GAF). As regards tests on whitening effects, JEF exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibition effects amongst the test groups. However, when immunofluorecence was employed, JAF was seen to inhibit the expression of proteins related to the whitening effect. In the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mode peritoneal macrophage model, all tested groups of fermentation products (JEF, GEF, JAF and GAF) suppressed nitric oxide production dose-dependently, with ethanol fermentation products demonstrating a higher nitric oxide expression inhibition effect than acetic acid fermentation products. When subjected to antibacterial activity tests, GAF exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested strains except Propionibacterium acnes. Both GAF and JEF revealed high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2008

Prunus sargentii of Rosaceae familiy, has been reported to have radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory effect. On these facts, this research was conducted to evaluate pharmaceutical activities of the bark extracts P. sargentii. Free radical scavenging activities of fraction (Fr) -5${\sim}$10 isolated from P. sargentii was higher than 80% respectively at 10ppm. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of Fr-5, 9 were about 97, 84%, respectively at 1,000 ppm. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of Fr-9, 10 were about 75, 78%, respectively at 1,000 ppm. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect related to skin-whitening was 72, 68% in Fr-2, 9 isolated from Prunus sargentii R. at 1,000 ppm. Hyaluronidase inhibition activity related to the anti-inflammation effect was 98% for Fr-8 at 500 ppm. Isolation of the methanol soluble fraction from P. sargentii yielded two major phenol compounds, (-)-epicatechin and taxifolin. The structure of the compound was certainly determined by chemical analyses, as well as NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The present study was carried out in a search for new cosmetic material from the bark from P. sargentii. and, (-)-epicatechin and taxifolin were isolated as active principles. So P. sargentii R. methanolic extracts may be used for the cosmetic material.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2011

Fractional solvent extraction by organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol was carried out using 70% ethanol extract of apple flower leaves. Biological activities including antioxidant, whitening, antimicrobial and anti-wrinkle activities were investigated and bio-active materials of the extracts were identified using GC/MSD. Among the tested solvent fractions, ethylacetate fraction showed the highest total polyphenol content (1218.94 ${\mu}g/mL$), and flavonoid (140 ${\mu}g/mL$). The DPPH radical scavenging activities was over 80% at a dry matterbased concentration of 200 ${\mu}g/{\mu}L$ and SOD-like activity was over 90% at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ concentration in ethylacetate fraction that was slightly lower than of ascorbic aicd. Tyrosinase inhibition activity related to skin-whitening was over 60% by ethylacetate fraction of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. As an anti-aging effect, elastase inhibitory activity was about 45% in ethylacetate fraction. Also, it showed a significantly antimicrobial activity against P. acenes. From GC/MSD analysis, a characteristic peak of high content in ethylacetate fraction was identified as kaempferol, which has been reported as a bioactive compound.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1278-1288
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• 2023

Hesperidin(HD) is a a potent antioxidant flavonoid found in various plants. In this study, the recovery of cell death, anti-inflammatory, and melanogenesis inhibitory activities of Hesperidin glucoside (HDG), a water-soluble HD, were compared with HD in vitro. HDG was prepared by an enzymatic glycosylation reaction from HD, and the water solubility of HDG was increased by more than 20,000 times compared to HD. Cell toxicity was significantly lower for HDG than HD. Both HD and HDG increase cell viability in UV damaged HaCaT cells. HD and HDG also reduced an inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the cells irradiated with UV, and the reducing effect of HDG was slightly higher than that of HD. In the melanogenesis inhibition assay using the Melanoma B16F10 cells, HDG showed a superior inhibitory activity compared to HD. In conclusion, HDG, a glucosylated product of HD with high water solubility showed more than equal ability of cell recovery and anti-inflammatory potential, and higher melanogenesis inhibition activity compared to HD in vitro.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.428-433
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• 2020

In this study, we created pupal stage extracts of Apis mellifera L. drones for use in cosmetic materials. The effect of the drone pupae extract (DPE) on HDF cells was assessed for analysis of anti-wrinkle activity by collagen or collagenase gene expression, and the skin-lightening effect was studied by in vitro tyrosinase inhibition and B16F10 melanoma assay; the two cells were found to be non-cellular when the concentration of DPE was 100 ㎍/ml. Albutin concentration (positive control) in the whitening test was set at a capacity of 100 ug/ml and m-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). A melanin-producing induction material was set at a concentration of 100 nM, and the expression of collagen type I and MMP1 collagenase was measured using HDF cells. MMP1 expression was seen to reduce in a concentration-dependent manner in treatment with DPE. Inhibiting melanin generation with B16F12 cells indicated a tendency to decrease in the DPE treatment group. Both L-Tyrosine and L-DOPA as DPE were used in an in vitro tyrosinase induction test to demonstrate the effects of tyrosinase suppression on concentrations. The higher the concentration of DPE, the greater the wrinkle reduction and whitening effect. In conclusion, it was found that DPE is an effective smoothing and whitening material by increasing collagen generation and inhibiting collagenase expression and reducing melanin production.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.877-885
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• 2013

Wine extracts of four different berry fruits, such as mulberry, blueberry, strawberry, and raspberry, were investigated for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activities by using in vitro assays. Additionally, quantitative changes of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor in mulberry wine were determined by HPLC according to mulberry cultivars and fermentation process. Among four berry wines examined, mulberry wine showed the most potent ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity with 69.37% at 0.23 mg/mL, while blueberry and strawberry wines exhibited the strongest inhibition against DPPH radical and tyrosinase activity, respectively. Four compounds were isolated and purified from mulberry wine by a series of isolation procedures, such as solvent fractionation, and Diaion HP-20, ODS-A, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Among them, Comp. 4 exerted the strongest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity ($I_C_{50}=31.57{\mu}M$), and its chemical structure was identified as quercetin by UV and NMR spectral analysis. Finally, the "Daeseongppong" (16.83 ppm) muberry wine had larger amount of quercetin than the "Iksuppong" (14.85 ppm) and "Cheongilppong" (8.92 ppm) mulberry wines, but their contents of three mulberry wines decreased considerably with aging process. These results suggest that mulberry wine containing quercetin acted as ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor may be useful as a potential functional wine for improving diabetic disorder.