• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2011

In order to investigate the potential of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics, we prepared N. sativa oil. We measured its inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase activity, cellular tyrosinase activity, and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells. N. sativa oil and its components showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay using mouse B16-F10 melanoma cell, it reduced melanin production up to 86 % at a concentration of 10 mg/mL without cytotoxicity. In the study on the melanogenic protein expressions by using RT-PCR and Western blot, N. sativa oil and its components inhibited expression of tyrosinase protein, which is a well-known key protein on melanogenesis, and tyrosinase expression was gradually decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, this result suggests that N. sativa oil could be used as an active ingredient for whitening cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the whitening effect of aerial part of Pueraria lobata and mechanisms. Aerial part of Pueraria lobata, dose-dependently reduced the melanin content. Aerial part of Pueraria lobata, significantly decreased cellular tyrosinase activity, while there was not any effect on tyrosinase in cell-free conditions. To elucidate the mechanisms behind the aerial part of Pueraria lobata, treated melanogenesis regulation, the expressions of melanogensis related genes, proteins, and the activity of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ were determined. Aerial part of Pueraria lobata, significantly inhibited gene and protein levels of MITF, tyrosinase and TRP-1. It suppressed the ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, leading to inhibition on the maturation of tyrosinase. Also aerial part of Pueraria lobata, was observed to have the high antioxidant activity. These results suggested that whitening effect of aerial part of Pueraria lobata, should be due to the down-regulation of MITF, tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression and the intercepting maturation of tyrosinase through suppressing ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. Another should be the high anti-oxidant activity. The findings show the possibility that aerial part of Pueraria lobata, can be used as a potential skin-whitening agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.547-553
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of branch extracts of Vaccinium oldhamii (VOB) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells. VOB promoted melanin production in absence or presence of ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) in B16F10 cells. However, VOB did not affect the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 associated with melanin synthesis at the mRNA and protein levels in B16F10. But, VOB decreased TRP-2 protein level and induced tyrosinase activation in B16F10 cells. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase knockdown attenuated VOB-mediated melanin synthesis. In conclusion, VOB may stimulate melanin synthesis through activating tyrosinase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.635-644
• /
• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whitening effect of combination between arbutine and oil soluble licorice extract. Inhibitory effects of arbutin and oil soluble licorice extract against tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells were assessed in vitro to determine whitening effect. MTT assay with B16 melanoma cells showed that mixture (arbutin and oil soluble) was not each concentration. Both oil soluble licorice extract and arbutin induced dose-dependent inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity. Various concentrations (oil soluble extract : arbutin = 1:1. 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5) of mixtures also significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells by 40-51%. In addition, the mixtures reduced the melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells by more than 50% at each concentration. These results suggest that mixtures of arbutin and oil soluble licorice extract are very effective whitening ingredients.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to research the whitening effects and developing by cosmetics of the extract fromDioscoreae Rhizoma, which is one of the most popular health-promoting herb in herbal medications.Methods : We performed tyrosinase inhibition assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot for whitening effects. Also we measured MTT assay for cell viability.Results : The results were obtained as follows : For whitening effect, tyrosinase inhibition rate of extract fromDioscoreae Rhizomashowed more than 42.28% at 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration. Cell toxicity effect on melanoma cells (B16F10) of extract fromDioscoreae Rhizomashowed 81.97% with toxicity at 50 ㎍/㎖ concentration. So we were measured at a concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 ㎍/㎖ in all experiments involving cell. In addition, whitening related mRNAs including microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), tyrosinase were reduced byDioscoreae Rhizoma. We also foundDioscoreae Rhizomatransiently decreased protein kinase A (PKA) which is known to be upstream to the down regulation of MITF and tyrosinase. But phosphorylation of extracellular signal related kinase (pERK) were increased byDioscoreae Rhizoma. These results imply thatDioscoreae Rhizomadecrease melanogenesis via ERK activation and subsequent down regulation of MITF and tyrosinase.Conclusions : Therefore, all these findings suggested the potent usage ofDioscoreae Rhizomaas materials of functional cosmetics by confirming whitening activity related with melanin content.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.403-409
• /
• 2013

This study has assessed the anti-oxidative activities and cytotoxic effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract and measured the effects of tyrosinase inhibition activities with a goal of estimating the usage of the medicinal plant as an ingredient of cosmetics. First, to perform a basic test on the extract, pH and UV-spectrum were measured. According to the measurement, the extract had control functions at pH 5.5, and maximum absorbance occurred at 530nm. In particular, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl)-inhibiting activity (IC50) and polyphenol content were 149.81 ${\mu}g/mL$ and $51.28{\pm}2.52$ mg/mL respectively. In addition, as extract concentration increased, tyrosinase inhibition activities improved as well. In raw 264.7 cell-based MTT assay, cell survival rates were 98% at 1000 ppm and 153% at 100 ppm. Therefore, it's been confirmed that there is almost no cytotoxin. According to the test results above, it appears that the Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract would be effective in anti-oxidation and application as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2004

In vitro biological activities of ethanol extract of radish including whitening, hangover removal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were analyzed. For whitening activity assay, tyrosinase inhibition rate was measured as $IC_{50}$ (50% inhibitory concentration). The $IC_{50}$ values of radish trunk and root extracts were estimated as 0,9 mg/ml and 2.1 mg/ml, respectively. Radish trunk extract showed 2.5-fold tyrosinase inhibition activity of radish root extract, however, there was no significant difference according to radish species. By alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity assay as a hangover removal activity assay, radish trunk extract (2.5 mg/ml) and root extracts (8 mg/ml) showed ]50% activation of ADH. TBA values of radish trunk and root extracts (1% of each) were 43-61 % level of ${\alpha}-tochoperol$ (2.2%). From the analysis of in vitro biological activities of radish, it was suggested that radish could be used in functional food or cosmetics containing hangover removal, whitening and antioxidant activities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.505-511
• /
• 2020

In this study, hot water and ethanol, acetone, and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok were investigated for use as raw materials for natural cosmetics. Hot water and ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of steamed Deodeok did not indicate cell toxicity up to 300 ㎍/mL concentration in the MTT assay. The tyrosinase inhibition effects of the ethanol extract were higher than the ascorbic acid. The efficacy of the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract on the elastase inhibition was similar to that of quercetin at higher concentrations. In conclusion, water, ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok indicated strong possibility as a whitening and anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic ingredient. Among them, the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract, which showed excellent activity, is highly available because it has high safety compared to other organic solvent extraction methods used in cosmetics, and has minimal irritation to the skin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 2011

In this study, we investigated on antioxidative activity, antibacterial activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in 75% ethanol extracts of bark and cork layer from Prunus sargentii. The total polyphenol content of cork and bark extract was found to be 217.4 mg/g and 184.3 mg/g. And flavonoid content was found to be 31.9 mg/g and 58.6 mg/g respectively. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, cork extract was exhibited stronger scavenging ability than bark extract. Moreover, cork extract was showed higher inhibitory activity than bark extract in tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In antibacterial activity, bark extract was showed higher growth inhibition effect than cork extract against tested bacterial strains. In measurement of cytotoxicity by MTT assay, bark and cork extract showed fine cell viabilities(95.7~120.9%) against RAW 264.7 cell.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.588-597
• /
• 2016

Little attention has been paid to the functional aspect of the flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, compared to that of its root. To determine the components of flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, we conducted the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MASS spectrophotometric analysis. We detected the 24 different types of ingredients from the 70% ethanol extracts of flower petal of peonia lactiflora cv. ‘Red Charm’. The main compounds were quercetin glucopyranosides, methyl gallate, paonioflolol and kaemperol glucopyranosides. We further tested its functional activity. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extracts was 87.9-90.4% at 0.1mg/ml. This result showed that these flower extracts have approximately 5-fold stronger antioxidant potential than a previous report with root extracts (Bang et al. 1999). The result of tyrosinase inhibition assay of Paeonia lactflora extract was almost similar to that of arbutin except significantly higher effect in the coral sunset extract at 0.1% concentration. Hyaluronidase inhibition assay showed 76.5% inhibition at 5% concentration of this flower extract, indicating that Peaonia lactiflora flower extracts have the major anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and brightening effects. Taken together, these results suggest these three Paeonia lactiflora species extracts might provide the basis to develop a new natural brightening agent.