• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.64-71
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• 2013

In this paper, finite element method was used for flow and strength analysis of AZ31 magnesium alloy under friction stir welding. The simulations were carried out by SYSWELD s/w, and the modeling of sheet was doned by unigraphics NX3 s/w. Welding variables for analysis were rotating speed and welding speed of tool. Also two-way factorial design method was applied to confirm the effect of welding variables on maximum temperature and stress of material used. From these results, the increaser welding speed of tool the decreaser maximum temperature, but the increaser maximum stress. Also the increaser rotating speed of tool the increaser maximum temperature, but the decreaser maximum stress. In addition the increaser welding speed of tool and the decreaser rotating speed of tool, the narrower heat effect zone. Finally rotating speed of tool influenced on maximum temperature more than welding speed of tool, and welding speed of tool influenced on maximum stress more than rotating speed of tool from the variance analysis.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

A research project was conducted to assess the levels of noise exposed to "Noraebang" users and potential hazards to noise-induced hearing loss due to commercial Noraebang noise. A two-way, mixed-factors factorial design was employed for the experiment using independent variables of "noise source" (no- singer, 1-singer, and 2-singer conditions) and "music type" (Trot, Ballad, and Rock music) with 18 normal hearing subjects. Each singer group sang 5 popular songs of each music type in each signing condition, whereas background music was just played for the no-singer condition. For each music played/sung, equivalent continuous sound pressure levels and maximum sound pressure levels were measured for data analysis purposes. Pure-tone audiometry was applied for measuring subjects' hearing threshold levels before and after exposure to Noraebgang noise. The statistical analyses indicate that average continuous noise levels due to Noraebang leisure environment were very serious, especially when two people were singing (higher than 95 dBA). Furthermore, maximum noise levels often exceeded the OSHA's non-premissible 115 dBA level. Worse yet, hearing loss assessment implies that Noraebang facilities may pose a serious threat to noise-induced hearing loss, based on 6-8 dB loss at 125 Hz and 8 dB loss at 4000 Hz after about 1-hour Noraebang noise exposure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

This research aims to examine the model of investor herding behavior in making investment decisions in the Indonesian capital market, which is influenced by social and information impacting on the value of the Book Value Per Share (BVPS). The latest stock market conditions show that most investors make the same error pattern in making investment decisions that result in losses. The experiment involves two independent variables, namely, information about BVPS and social influence. This study used a 2×2 factorial design laboratory experimental method. Data collection was carried out through treatment of a sample of 100 individual investors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Univariate Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical tool was used to test the independent variable on the dependent variable. Research results showed that the social influence originating from expert investors is more influential than the Book Value Per Share (BVPS) information on the behavior of herding investors in making investment decisions. These findings suggest that investors know their psychological factors, thereby increasing self-control and investment analysis skills. Further research can use psychological bias and other indicators of accounting relevant information such as Earning Per Share (EPS) to test herding behavior in investment decision making in the capital market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.747-764
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study were 1) to identify the dimensional structure of impression formed of a female figure, 2) to analyze effects of several elements of apparel design on impression formation of the figure in suit. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli consisted of 60 drawings made by identical manipulations of 3 indepndent variables in 3 clothing styles(suit, dress and pants with blouse). The independent variables were (1) five clothing colors (red, blue, yellow, white and black), (2) two lengths(short/long) of suit skirt, dress, and pants (3) two types of blouse and dress collars (shirt collar/ribbon collar). The 7-point semantic differential response scale to measure the dependent variables (formed impressions of the female figure) was composed of 37 bipolar adjectives. Further- more, two open-ended questions were used for interpretation of the reponses. The study proceeded in three independent experimental part was based on the 3 clothing styles using a 5(color)$\times$2(length)$\times$2(collar) factorial design. Subject were 200 female undergraduate students reandomly assigned to one of 20 combinations in each part of the experiment. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, 3-way ANOVA and Multiple Classification Analysis. Five factors emerged to account for the dimensional structure of impression of the female figure in specific attire. These factors included three basic dimensions of impression identified as potency, activity and evaluation, confirming the results of previous studies. Result from open-ended questionaire supported the theoretical perspective of Schneider, Hastorf and Ellsworth on the procedure of impression formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.267-278
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of self-monitoring (SM), the task situation and the appeal type of advertising impact on consumer behavior: in inner wear purchase. Information for the study was obtained with the use of experimental design. the experimental materials for the study were two-type inner wear advertisements (image appeal Ad/product appeal Ad). The subjects were 270, who were randomly sampled women undergraduate students in Korea, and main-test subjects (70 high SM subjects/69 low SM subjects) were assigned to the cells of 2 (self usage/gift-giving)x2 (quality appeal Ad/image appeal Ad). According to the 2x(2$\times$2) mixed factorial design, the level of SM score, the type of task situation score and the level of appeal type of advertising score were compared and tested by analysis of ANOVA. The results of experiment were as follows: 1. Experimental 1. the results showed the product preference on inner wear was the significant 3-way interaction effects among the degree of SM, the task situation, and the appeal type of advertising as well as the significant main effects of the appeal type of advertising. That is, the situation impact differs from the appeal type of advertising according to the degree of SM. 2. Experimental ll. the results showed the purchase intention on inner wear was the significant 2-way interaction effects between the appeal type of advertising and the task situation as well as the significant main effects of the appeal type of advertising and the task situation. That is, there is considerable difference in gift-giving situation rather than in self- usage situation according to the appeal type of advertising.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.89-95
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• 2020

This study empirically demonstrates how the amount of advertising attitude and recall information differs according to the type of art infusion advertising (simple borrowing vs. modification vs. reinterpretation) and engagement level (high vs. low) of digital signage. It is to look into. Factorial design was performed between 3×2 subjects, and the hypothesis was verified through a two-way MANOVA analysis. As a result of the study, first, when simply art infusion of masterpieces in digital signage, both advertisement attitude and recall information were found to be low regardless of the level of engagement. Second, in the case of digital signage art infusion advertising, when the engagement is low, the modification has high advertising attitude and recollection. Third, when the level of engagement of digital signage is high, the attitude and recollection of the reinterpreted famous painting borrowing ads are high.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 1995

The purposes of the study were to: (1) develop instructional method for consumer education of home economics in the middle school. (2) test the effectiveness of the developing instructional method focusing on the problem solving. In the method of the research, literature review related to the consumer education. models of teaching and characteristics of problem solving method were studied. Also, on the basis of theoretical evidence. the teaching plan focusing on problem solving method was developed. In addition, experimental research was done to find out the learning effectiveness on the developing instructional method of the study. This experimental research were made in the six classes of the three middle school in Seoul. For the statistical analysis of the study, frequency, mean and two way ANOVA(factorial design) were used. The results of this study were summarized as follows; (1) The developed instructional method of the study was more effective than the traditional lecture method. (2) The effects of the teaching-learning method were depended on the sex. The learning effects on the female students were higher than the male students. (3) The learning effects on the students were influenced by the sex and teaching method.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.251-259
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify main effect of gender and expenditure, and interaction effect of gender by expenditure on satisfaction with foodservices of western restaurants. Accordingly, this study surveyed questionnaires concerning 20 measures of foodservice as well as major subject descriptors. The result of this study was as follows: KMO and Bartlett's test statistics showed that the data well fitted a factor analysis. Results of the factor analysis, average variance extracted estimates, and shared variance showed that the convergent and discriminant validities of 5 factors were supported, and Cronbach's alpha also showed that the internal consistencies of 5 factors were supported. But there was an interaction effect between independent variables and covariate on service quality factor. This study, therefore, used food decor factor, facility factor, food quality factor, and food value factor as dependent variables in two way 3$\times$2 design factorial ANCOVA. It was found that there were no main effects of gender and expenditure on those four factors. It was however revealed that there was an interaction effect of gender by expenditure on food decor factor.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-122
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the presenting type of menu labels(regular/descriptive) and knowledge level(high/low) on the advertisement(Ad) comprehension, attitude toward the Ad, attitude toward the brand, purchase intentions. For that reasons, 157 university students who are majoring in food-service management or culinary arts were conveniently selected as sample for $2{\times}2$ factorial design. A final sample of 153 responses were deemed usable and then two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The findings are as follows. First, there were significant differences between the presenting types of menu labels and communication effects including the Ad comprehension, attitude toward the Ad, attitude toward the brand, purchase intentions. It can be known that descriptive menu labels showed higher communication effects than regular menu labels. Second, there were significant differences between the knowledge levels and communication effects including the Ad comprehension, attitude toward the Ad, and purchase intention but not in attitude toward the brand. It can be known that consumers with relatively high knowledge levels showed higher the Ad comprehension, attitude toward the Ad, purchase intention than consumers with low knowledge levels. The results of this study can be used as data for more effective menu marketing and basic of further empirical study for effectiveness of menu labels.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.219-245
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• 2017

This study is intended to empirically investigate how Korean consumers evaluate foreign CSRs conducted by Korean firms. Specifically, the study investigates the effects of domestic vs. foreign CSR targets & domestic vs. global NGO affiliations by employing a two-way 2-by-2 factorial design. Field experiments were carried out with adult consumers in Seoul aged over 25. Our findings, first, suggest that Korean consumers perceive domestic CSRs more positively than foreign CSRs. But Korean consumers were found to respond more positively to foreign CSRs when the focal firm was perceived as a global firm. As regards to NGO affiliations, the study found that consumers were partially favorable towards domestic NGOs. However, interestingly, foreign CSRs with domestic NGOs were perceived more favorably than foreign CSRs with foreign NGOs.