• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 2018

The present study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties of hot water extracts of red ginseng powder prepared by two-stage hot air drying method using steamed ginseng and steaming liquid for 2.5 h under high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave condition. The total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total sugar, acid polysaccharides and crude saponin in hot water extracts from red ginseng powder were analyzed and determined, and the flavor components of ginseng were measured using color difference meter and an electronic tongue. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid, total polysaccharide, and acid polysaccharide of the red ginseng hot water extract obtained by autoclaving (ARG) were 9.06 mg GAE/g, 3.38 mg NE/g, 35.22 g/100 g, and 10.90 g/100 g, respectively. The final contents of the total polyphenols, total flavonoids, crude saponin were higher than those determined using other red ginseng methods; the time required for steamed red ginseng production reduced. The total ginsenoside content of ginseng including Rb1 was 10.69 mg/g, which is the lowest ARG. The processing conditions affected the conversion to ginsenosides unique to red ginseng. Red ginseng and steaming liquid obtained from the autoclave are expected to be in need for non-food materials and products as well as foods by improving the flavor components through conversion of red ginseng components into low molecular weight.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2019

Mycobacteria grow slowly. Therefore, a solid medium should be used for eight weeks and a liquid medium for six weeks. The purpose of this study was to find the growth factors that can grow Mycobacterium rapidly and to help develop a solid medium for rapid identification. Three types of Mycobacterium growth factors were evaluated with 10 Mycobacteria by adding activated charcoal, defibrinated sheep blood, and L-ascorbic acid to $Difco^{TM}$ Mycobacteria 7H11 agar (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, USA). The time to detection and the distinguishability of a colony were compared with that of the current method. In the rapidly growing Mycobacterium, the difference in detection time between the new media and conventional media confirmed that the new media was faster. M. kansasii and M. intracelluare grew faster in 7H11 C than in 7H11 medium. MTB grew faster than the other media in 7H11 C. This study confirmed that the two growth factors affect fast-growing Mycobacteria and slow-growing Mycobacteria. 7H11 C showed better distinguishability than the conventional media in all 10 Mycobacterium due to the color contrast. In particular, when the MTB was grown, the size of the colonies was larger than with other media, so visualization was easy.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2021

In a situation where the medical care field is developing from various angles, medical promotion video analysis has an important meaning. It is important as a matter of improving competitiveness, and in the era of acceleration of AI systems, medical care is also the leading field. Accordingly, the importance of videos on publicity, advertisements, and explanations is very important, and it is also an important direction to change the image of a company. In this study, the design characteristics and differences in the video were compared, focusing on the comparative analysis of professional videos of AI medical brands, with two foreign major companies (Stryker and Hill-rom) and one domestic leading company (Nine Bell), and detailed part analysis and section analysis were performed accordingly. As a technical partial analysis of image editing, the transition method and infographic graphics were considered. In an in-depth comparison, we found that AI medical imaging Points such as differences in image tone and image color harmony were analyzed and compared. For a detailed analysis in the video image determination part, we compared and studied the differentiated elements appearing in the promotional design and specific scenes of the video intro part and the product description video part of each video.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2020

Chrysnathemum stunt viroid (CSVd), a small, single-stranded, infectious RNA, has caused a severe problem in chrysanthemum in the world. In Korea, since CSVd was firstly observed in 1997, the disease has been spread throughout the whole country rapidly. In spite of the seriousness, few methods for control of CSVd have been known without prevention. The use of resistant cultivars is one of the most efficient approaches for overcoming CSVd disease in chrysanthemum cultivation. This study was carried out to identify chrysanthemum genetic resources for the resistance to chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd). A total of 192 commercial cultivars including 167 spray and 25 standard chrysanthemum were screened with CSVd through grafting inoculation method. In most of the inoculated cultivars, typical disease symptoms, stunting of plant height, reduced flower size, and flower color bleaching, were induced. Several cultivars, however, were symptomless or showed delay in symptom expression. Of 192 chrysanthemum cultivars, two cultivars with less than 5% of the average reduction rate of plant height, 'Chiwerel' and 'Jeongheungdaesin', were rated as resistant. And six cultivars less than 20% inculding 'Inga' were rated as moderate resistant. The remaining 184 cultivars with a high level of reduction were rated as susceptible. We expect that these genetic resources can be used in crossbreeding programs for developing CSVd resistant cultivars of chrysanthemum.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 1988

Experiments were conducted to find out the method of reducing viviparous germination of rice seeds using growth regulators during grain filling period. Among the recommended varieties, early Japonica type showed higher rate of viviparous germination, while late Japonica type and Tongil type varieties did not show viviparous germination in field condition. Grain showed high germination ability from 30 days of grain filling period in Daeseongbyeo of Japonica type and 35 days in Taebackbyeo of Tongil type. Growth regulators, NAA, CMH and Reglone were effective for reducing viviparous germination to the two rice varieties and three treatment stages in this experiment. NAA and CMH were most effective at 100 ppm and Reglone was at 0.4-0.6% concentration. Germination rates of rice seed were not different from non-treatment when NAA CMH were treated, while Reglone lowered germination rate. NAA and CMH had no effects on grain filling rate for both varieties, which showed high grain filling rate as the non-treatment, but Reglone results low grain filling rate. Grain color was not changes when NAA was applied, while CMH and Reglone made a lot of grain to dark brown as the concentration became higher. When grain were hulled, NAA had no difference with the non-treatment whereas CMH and Reglone had lower rate of perfect brown rice when they were applied at 20-30 days after heading.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.124-133
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• 2023

Preservation processing for two combat boots was executed through application of 3-dimensional digital technology and with use of preservation materials providing outstanding reversibility and stability. The aim of this was to establish a method to preserve the relics of fallen Korean War soldiers that had been excavated by the soldiers remains excavation corps of the Ministry of National Defense. It was possible to estimate the foot size of the soldiers who would have worn the combat boots via 3-dimensional digital scanning and modeling of the boots. In this process, the original form of the combat boots was restored through the use of 3D-printed structures. The original form was restored through a process of removing contaminants from the excavated relics and performing a conditioning treatment, and through use of an antique-color treatment after bonding and filling in the sections that had been ripped or deteriorated. Following the aforementioned preservation processes, it was possible to confirm that both of the combat boots had soles and top sections made of rubber, and portions of the top section and ankle section of the boots were made of synthetic rubber. As such, it was confirmed that these were similar to the Shoe Pac(M-1944, 12-inch) winter boots that had been manufactured for the purposes of waterproofing and/or protection against cold, and introduced in 1944. Such results confirmed that it is possible to discover the manufacturing techniques, materials, and uses of relics excavated through application of preservation processing, thereby illustrating the importance of the convergent research of scientific preservation processing and 3-dimensional digital technology.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.451-463
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• 2018

The empirical/statistical models to estimate the ground Particulate Matter ($PM_{2.5}$) concentration from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) product were developed and analyzed for the period of 2015 in Seoul, South Korea. In the model construction of AOD-$PM_{2.5}$, two vertical correction methods using the planetary boundary layer height and the vertical ratio of aerosol, and humidity correction method using the hygroscopic growth factor were applied to respective models. The vertical correction for AOD and humidity correction for $PM_{2.5}$ concentration played an important role in improving accuracy of overall estimation. The multiple linear regression (MLR) models with additional meteorological factors (wind speed, visibility, and air temperature) affecting AOD and $PM_{2.5}$ relationships were constructed for the whole year and each season. As a result, determination coefficients of MLR models were significantly increased, compared to those of empirical models. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal, monthly and diurnal characteristics of AOD-$PM_{2.5}$model. when the MLR model is seasonally constructed, underestimation tendency in high $PM_{2.5}$ cases for the whole year were improved. The monthly and diurnal patterns of observed $PM_{2.5}$ and estimated $PM_{2.5}$ were similar. The results of this study, which estimates surface $PM_{2.5}$ concentration using geostationary satellite AOD, are expected to be applicable to the future GK-2A and GK-2B.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.597-603
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• 2009

Background: Atrioventricular valve regurgitation in pediatric patients with a functional single ventricles (FSV) - has been known as one of the important risk factors for death and unfavorable long-term results after a Fontan operation. We evaluated early and mid-term results of bivalvation valvuloplasty in FSV patients. Material and Method: We retrospectively evaluated 11 patients with a functional single ventricle who underwent bivalvationvalvuloplasty between 1999 and 2007. The degree of common atrioventricular valve regurgitation (CAVVR) was determined by color Doppler echocardiography (regurgitation grade scoring, trivial; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe; 4). Mean age at valve surgery was $6.9{\pm}7.0$ months (median 4 months, 24 days$\sim$21 months)and mean body weight was $6.2{\pm}2.8\;kg$ ($3.1{\sim}11.3\;kg$). Nine patients had isomerism heart and two of them had TAPVC. The concomitant procedures were performed in all but one patient. Additional commissural closure was performed in 3 patients and commissural annuloplasty in another 3 patients. Result: There was one hospital death after. surgery. A 32-day old patient who had been preoperatively dependent on a ventilator died of air way and lung problems 4.3 months after pulmonary artery banding and bivalvation valvuloplasty. Mean follow-up duration was 40 months ($4.3{\sim}114$ months). Mean preoperative CAVVR score was $3.3{\pm}0.6$, which decreased to $1.9{\pm}0.7$ postoperatively (p<0.0001). This residual regurgitation slightly increased to $2.2{\pm}0.4$ (no statistical significance) after a mean follow-up of 1.4.3 months. Six patients (60%) required re-operations for residual regurgitation at a subsequent bidirectionalcavopulmonary shunt or Fontan operation. One patient with Ebsteinoid malformation of the right sided atrioventricular valve required valve replacement due to stenoinsufficiency. Another patient required edge-to-edge repair at the right sided AV valve (between the right mural leaflet and the bridging leaflets). The remaining 4 patients required additional suture placements between bridging leaflets with or without commissural annuloplasty. All survivor had trivial or mild CAVVR at the latest follow-up. Conclusion: Bivalvation valvuloplasty for CAVVR in FSV patients is. an effective and safe procedure. However, significant numbers of the patients have small residual regurgitation and require additional valve procedures at subsequent operations. Long-term observations to monitor progression of the CAVVR is mandatory.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2018

The sale of brown rice batches composed of rice produced in different years is prohibited in Korea. Thus, new methods for the identification of the year of production are critical for maintaining the distribution of high quality brown rice. Here, we describe the exploitation of an enzyme that can be used to discriminate between freshly harvested and one-year-old brown rice. The degree of enzyme activity was visualized through freshness test with Guaiacol, Oxydol, and p-phenylenediamine reagents. With electronic eye equipment, we selected 29 color codes for identifying new brown rice and old brown rice. The discrimination power of selected color codes showed a minimum of 0.263 to a maximum of 0.922 and an average value of 0.62. The accuracy with which new brown rice and old brown rice could be identified was 100% in principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA analysis had greater discriminatory power than did the PCA analysis. A verification test using new brown rice, old brown rice, or a mixture of the two was then performed to validate our method. The accuracy of identification of new and old brown rice was 100% in both cases, whereas mixed brown rice samples were correctly classified at a rate of 96.9%. Additionally, in order to test whether the discriminant constructed in winter can be applied to samples collected in summer, new and old brown rice stored for 8 months were collected and tested. Both new and old brown rice collected in summer were classified as old brown rice and showed 50% identification accuracy. We were able to attribute these observations to changes in enzyme content over time, and therefore we conclude, it will be necessary to develop discriminants that are specific to distinct storage periods in the near future.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2016

Selecting appropriate materials can be significantly important to make different image in the product and also give distinguished express to the users. A material for the ceramic product surface consists of the combination between a glaze and a body, and each attribution of materials and the way of the combination creates different texture and color. This study analyzes the difference between visually and tactually sensibility of ceramic surface to through the simulating both visual and tactual stimulation by verbal evaluation method. Totally 13 adjectives are selected from homepage of local and global ceramic product brand. And totally 12 ceramic samples are created with the consideration of color, glossiness and roughness. These 12 samples are the combination between four ceramic bodies (White porcelain, Celadon_c, Sancheong and Black soil) and three glazes (Transparent, Celadon_g, Black glaze). The respondents of first survey were asked to rub, touch and hold before evaluating the sensibility of ceramic surface and other respondents of second survey were asked to evaluate visual images of 9 samples which showed meaningfully difference from first survey. The surface which scored the highest sensibility with the first survey was 'pure' on a surface of White porcelain body with Transparent glaze, and the lowest was also 'pure' on a surface of Black soil body with Transparent glaze. The highest score in the second survey was the same result as the first survey, but the lowest scored 'casual' and the surface was Black soil body with Celadon glaze. By the comparison with two survey results, not every sensibility is same result shown as the first survey and the second survey, but the tactile sensibilities such as 'artistic', 'luxurious', 'sensuous', 'romantic' and 'mysterious' can be experienced by via visual materials of ceramic surfaces.