• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.161-176
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• 2005

In a situation that ordinal preferences on multiattribute weights are captured, we present two solution approaches: an exact approach and an approximate method. The former, an exact solution approach via interaction with a decision-maker, pursues the progressive reduction of a set of non-dominated alternatives by narrowing down the feasible attribute weights region. Subsequent interactive questions and responses, however, sometimes may not guarantee the best alternative or a complete rank order of a set of alternatives that the decision-maker desires to have. Approximate solution approaches, on the other hand, can be divided into three categories including surrogate weights methods, dominance value-based decision rules, and three classical decision rules. Their efficacies are evaluated in terms of choice accuracy via a simulation analysis. The simulation results indicate that a proposed hybrid approach, intended to combine an exact solution approach through interaction and a dominance value-based approach, is recommendable for aiding a decision making in a case that a final choice is seldom made at single step under attribute weights that are imprecisely specified beyond ordinal descriptions.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to investigate the recovery period of estrus cycle, the pseudopregnancy period, weights of ovary, placenta and fetus, and number of litter of female rats after unilateral ovariectomy(ULO). The results obtained are as follows : 1. The estrus cycle was inclined to become normal from the second time. 2. The pseudopregnancy period of rats in unilaterally ovariectomized group and control group, and no significant difference in pseudopregnancy period was shown between the two groups. 3. The ovarian weights of each ULO group were significantly(P<0.01) heavier than that of the control group throughout the observation periods of pregnancy. 4. The placental weights of ULO group were not different from that of the control group in 10 and 15 days of pregnancy. But they became significantly (P<0.05) heavier in 20 days. 5. The weights of fetus in ULO at 10 days of pregnancy was not different from that ofthe control group, but the weights in ULO group at 15 and 20 days of pregnancy were significantly(P<0.01) heavier. 6. The number of litter in ULO was smaller than that of the control groups.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.309-313
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• 1994

Phytase of rat intestine had a large amount of oilgosacchanrides ; The enzyme consisted of two different subunits with the molecular weights of 90 KDa and 70 KDa in its intack form, whereas the apparent molecular weights tumed to 72 KDa and 52 KDa, respectively, after deglycosylation. The treatment with glycopeptidase F reduced the molecular weights from 90 KDa and 70 KDa to 83 KDa and 52 KDa, respectively, While endoglycosidase H caused no change in their molecular weights. These results indicate that the 70KDa subunit contains only the N-linked oilgosaccharide chains, while the 90KDa subunit ocntains O-linked oilgosaccharides as well as N-linked ones. Enzyme-linked lectin assays suggeted that bisecting N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and galactose 1-4 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine structures were present and that fucose was included in these oilgosaccharide moieties. Sialic acid was not found in either subunit.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.156-160
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• 2003

Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN)/Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) copolymers were synthesized by two step reaction during the melt copolymerization process. The first step was the esterification reaction of dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarbox-ylate (2,6-NDC) and ethylene glycol (EG). The second step was the condensation polymerization of bishydroxyethylnaphthalate (BHEN) and PEG. The copolymers contained 10 mol% of PEG units with different molecular weights. Structures and thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by using $^1{H-NMR}$, DSC, TGA, etc. Especially, while the intrinsic viscosities of PEN/PEG copolymers increased with increasing molecular weights of PEG, but the glass transition temperature, the cold crystallization temperature, and the weight loss temperature of the copolymers decreased with increasing molecular weights of PEG. Consequently, the hydrophilicities by means of contact angle measurement and moisture content of the copolymer films were found to be significantly improved with increasing molecular weights of PEG.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.139-152
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• 1996

In this paper we propose nonparametric tests using optimal weights for umbrella alternatives in a randomized block design. We obtain the optimal weights by maximizing the asymptotic relative efficiency of the proposed test statistics with respect to Mack and Wolf(1981) type test statistic, and investigate asymptotic relative efficiencies of the proposed test statistics using these optimal weights relative to Mack and Wolfe type statistics and linear rank statistic. Throughout simulations for small samples, the proposed test statistic has good powers rather than the other two tests when the block sizes are different.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.479-489
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• 2002

The case which applies two-phase sampling to stratification and nonresponse problem, it is a poweful and effective technique. In this paper we study the calibration estimator and its variance estimator for the population total using two-phase sampling method according to the of auxiliary information for population and sample having strong correlation with an interested variable in unit nonresponse situation. The auxiliary information that available both at first-phase and second-phase sampling can be used to improve weights by the calibration procedure. A weight which corresponds to the product of sampling weights and response probability is calculated at each phase of sampling.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.67-88
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• 2007

This study is to estimate the factor weights for a successful sea-ranching project using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Furthermore, it investigates the policy implications revealed by the differences in group opinions throughout fishermen, government officials, researchers and the scholars when the weights are assessed. The hierarchy is constructed for the 3 levels of factors which must be evaluated for a successful sea-ranching project. The top level of factors is divided by the ecological factors and the socioeconomic factors. As the middle level of factors, there are 3 factors such as the choice of fish, the habitat environment and the production technology under the ecological factors and another 3 factors such as the stability of fishery society, economic factors, and the law & system under the socio-economic factors. And then, at the bottom level of the hierarchy, the economic factors have two different sub-factors such as the fishing revenue and cost. The law & system has also 3 sub-factors such as the accessibility to sea-ranching area, fishing method, and surveillance. The fishermen and government officials show us quite opposite tendencies in assessments of the weights while both the researchers and scholars reveal almost the same opinions positioned at somewhere between first two groups. The study also reports the evaluations of efficiency measures for resource recovery methods among the sea-ranching project, artificial reef, release of fish seeds, and marine protection area. Both the sea-ranching project and marine protection area have the same efficiency in terms of resource recovery while the artificial reef and release of fish seeds are revealed as somewhat less efficient methods comparing to the former two methods.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.637-641
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• 2002

In order to convert the one ryang of Guizhi-tang into the modern weights and measures, herbs whose dose was expressed by number in Treatise on Feverile Disease of Zhongjing were measured actually. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Size of Jujubae fructus in Guizhi-tang is an average and if remove the seed, 12 Jujubae fructuses corresponds to 20g. These weights are the same as Belamcandae Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Gleditsiae Fructus, Gardeniae Fructus and Armeniacae amarum Semen whose dose was expressed by number in Treatise on Feverile Disease of Zhongjing. If one ryang corresponds to 6.5g, 20g corresponds to three ryang. If one ryang corresponds to 15.6g, 20g corresponds to 1.3 ryang. When herbs were added in Guizhi-tang, the used weights were two more ryang. Almost unit of weights in Formulae of Zhongjing is the constantly multiplied. 2. Half sheng(升) of Pinelliae Rhizomae is 15 Pinelliae Rhizomas and corresponds to two and a half ryang. 14 Pinelliae Rhizomas are contained in 50 mL egg. 3.1 geun(斤), maximal amount of Gypsum Fibrosum and amount of one egg are the same weight supposing one ryang corresponds to 6.5g. 4. 2 ryang of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is the 6.8 balls(碁子) of baduk and similar as 5-6 balls of baduk of Jisilchijasi-Tang. 5. General dose of Glycyrrhizae Radix is two ryang and 20mL, the size of thumb is 13g. 6. Half geun approaches the 3 flattened spoons. Consequently the presumption that one ryang in Guizhi-tang is 15.6g is wrong. One ryang is assumed as 6.5g.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.612-619
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• 2015

Current study aimed to evaluate the performance of bulls (1/2 Purun$\tilde{a}$ vs 1/2 Canchim) slaughtered at two ages and three different weights. One hundred and thirteen bulls were divided into two slaughter ages (16 and 22 months) and three different slaughter weights (light, 422 kg; medium, 470 kg; and heavy, 550 kg). The body weight was higher for bulls slaughtered at 16 months. Daily gain, carcass weight and dressing were higher for bulls slaughtered at 16 months. Feed intake was higher for bulls slaughtered at 22 months although feed efficiency was better for bulls slaughtered at 16 months. Carcass characteristics were better for bulls slaughtered at 16 months. The percentages of muscle, fat and bone and meat characteristics were similar between two slaughter ages. Feed intake and animal performance was lower for lighter animals. Feed conversion and carcass dressing were similar in the three slaughter weights. Muscle percentage was higher for heavier animals but fat and bone percentages were lower. Slaughter weight had no effect on meat characteristics.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2006

Misaengtang (MST), a formula of Korean herbal medicines, has been used as a weight-controlling recipe. We have investigated two experiment of body weight regulation by MST In rats. i) The anti-obesity effect of MTS on a high fat diet-induced obesity, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high-fat diet containing 30% in the absence or presence of MST (0.3, 1 or 3%) or a reference orlistat (0.05%) for 6 weeks. ii) weight-decrease effect of MST on normal diet, same animal were fed with a normal diet in the absence or presence of MST (3%) for 6 weeks. And the body weights, daily feed and water consumptions, organ weights, fat weights serum biochemistry were measured. In both experiments, MST and orlistat did not affect the body weight gain. But orlistat significantly increased the feed and water consumptions, leading to low-feed efficiency, and orlistat markedly reduced abdominal, paratesticular and perirenal fat weights, although increased the kidney weights. In MST, low dose (0.3%) of MST decreased the perirenal fat and increased the kidney weights in rats fed HFD, and MST 3% decreased the abdominal fat weights in rats fed normal diet. In addition, Orlistat caused changes in parameters of hepatotoxicity (AST and glucose), nephrotoxicity (BUN and B/C ratio) and lipid metabolism (HDL and triglycerides). In comparison, MST decreased AST, ALP and ALT, the hepatotoxicity markers, and somewhat improved the hepatic fatty degeneration. Taken together, it is suggested that MST does not exert anti-obesity activity as well as remarkably direct effects, but MST may be potentially benefit for dietary cure and exercise-cure of obesity.