• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 1997

Bragg diffraction of a strong reference beam from a steady-state photorefractive grating is measured experimentally and an analytic prediction is derived from the coupled wave equations of two-beam energy coupling. The relation between Bragg diffraction and two-beam coupling is used to check the mechanism of photorefractive grating formation.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Instead of the surface pattern arranged repeatedly in two axial direction on a plane, we propose double patterns superposing two one-axial linear patterns as a reference target for surface encoding. A upper layer of the superposed pattern is the transparent glass with grooves cut in it at a fixed pitch. The position is sensed by detecting a shift of beam due to difference of a refractive index. And a lower layer is the aluminum with color-coated grooves. The amount of beam reflected on the layer varies according to its targeting position and is detected for encoding. For the above reference pattern, we can detect two-axial positions using only the single beam. Furthermore, the pattern size can be expanded with a size of the detector kept constant, meaning that the measured range can be expanded easily. In this paper, we review the existing optical encoding methods for grid pattern, and discuss the hardware implementation of the suggested surface encoding method.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1997

In this research a novel two-reference-beam double pulse holographic technique for the measurments of particle sizes and velocities was developed. This holographic method features the capability of separation of the first and second particle images by using two reference beams instead of one and the change of the polarization direction of laser light. The developed holographic system was tested through the measurements of droplet sizes and velocities in the spray created by two high speed impinging jets. The overall spray pattern clearly revealed the inherent wave nature. Smaller and faster droplets were generated with larger impingement angle, higher jet velocity. and smaller orifice diameter.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제91권3호
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• pp.263-277
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• 2024

The primary aim of this study is to introduce an innovative configuration for stirrup hooks in reinforced concrete beams and analyze the impact of factors such as stirrup spacing, placement, and hook lengths on the structural performance of reinforced concrete beam elements. A total of 18 specimens were produced and subjected to reversed cyclic loading, with two specimens serving as reference specimens and the remaining 16 specimens utilizing a specifically developed stirrup hook configuration. The experiment used reinforced concrete beams scaled down to half their original size. These beams were built with a shear span-to-depth ratio of 3 (a/d=3). The experimental samples were divided into two distinct groups. The first group comprises nine test specimens that consider the contribution of concrete to shear strength, while the second group consists of nine test specimens that do not consider this contribution. The preparation of reference beam specimens for both groups involved the utilization of standard hooks. The stirrup hooks in the test specimens are configured with a 90-degree angle positioned at the midpoint of the bottom section of the beam. The criteria considered in this study included the distance between hooks, hook angle, stirrup spacing, hook orientation, and hook length. In the experimental group examining the contribution of concrete on shear strength, it was noted that the stirrup hooks of both the R1 reference specimen and specific test specimens displayed indications of opening. However, when the contribution of concrete on shear strength was not considered, it was observed that none of the stirrup hooks proposed in the R0 reference specimen and test specimens showed any indications of opening. Neglecting the contribution of concrete in the assessment of shear strength yielded more favorable outcomes regarding structural robustness. The study found that the strength values obtained using the suggested alternative stirrup hook were similar to those of the reference specimens. Furthermore, all the test specimens successfully achieved the desired strengths.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

국소 홀로그램 기록방법에서 저장밀도를 높이기 위해서는 각 홀로그램은 이웃한 홀로그램들과 가급적 가깝게 기록되어야 한다. 이 경우에 두 인접한 홀로그램의 기준빔들은 공간적으로 겹칠 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 공간다중화를 위한 기준빔의 이동거리에 대해서 겹침을 최소화하는 최적의 기준빔 폭이 존재함을 시물레이션 및 실험적으로 보인다 따라서, 저장밀도를 높임에 따르는 국소 홀로그램의 장점의 희생을 최소화할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2021

In order to solve the problem of false terrains caused by environmental interferences and tunneling effect in the conventional multi-beam seafloor terrain detection, this paper proposed a seafloor topography detection method based on fast two-dimensional (2D) Censored Mean Level Detector-statistics Constant False Alarm Rate (CMLD-CFAR) method. The proposed method uses s cross-sliding window. The target occlusion phenomenon that occurs in multi-target environments can be eliminated by censoring some of the large cells of the reference cells, while the remaining reference cells are used to calculate the local threshold. The conventional 2D CMLD-CFAR methods need to estimate the background clutter power level for every pixel, thus increasing the computational burden significantly. In order to overcome this limitation, the proposed method uses a fast algorithm to select the Regions of Interest (ROI) based on a global threshold, while the rest pixels are distinguished as clutter directly. The proposed method is verified by experiments with real multi-beam data. The results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of false terrain in a multi-beam terrain survey and achieve a high detection accuracy.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1997

In this paper an experimental study of a spray created by two impinging jets is presented utilizing a novel two-reference-beam double-pulse holographic technique. Visualization of the overall spray pattern as well as measurements on the size and velocity of the droplets were performed with the special emphasis on the effect of physical properties of liquids. The overall spray pattern clearly revealed the inherent wave nature In the disintegration process of this type of atomization. The structure of liquid elements near the impingement point is indicative of the mechanisms of the disintegration process. Surface tension plays an important role in the droplet size without any noticeable effect on the spray pattern, whereas viscosity affects the structure without any significant effect on the droplet sire. The droplet velocities were not affected by liquid properties.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.793-798
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• 2014

To generate finite-power Airy beams, a novel holographic method is proposed. We record the interference pattern between an Airy beam (signal beam) and plane wave (reference beam) on a photopolymer, then decode the hologram by illuminating with the reference beam. The reconstructed beams still present the non-diffraction, acceleration, and self-healing features of optical Airy beams. In addition, angular multiplexing of two Airy beams with opposite acceleration directions is presented.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2001

This paper presents a phase-only modulation scheme for a three-dimensional (3-D) image matching system to improve optical efficiency of the system. The 3-D image matching system is based on the two mask heterodyne scanning. A hologram of the 3-D reference object is first created and then the phase of the hologram is extracted. The phase of the hologram is represented as one mask with the other mask being a plane wave. The superposition of each beam modulated by the two masks generated a scanning beam pattern. This beam pattern scans the 3-D target object to be recognized. The output of the scanning system gives out the correlation of the phase-only hologram of the reference object and the complex hologram of the target object. Since a hologram contains 3-D information of an object as a form of fringe pattern, the correlation of holograms matches whole 3-D aspect of the objects. Computer simulations are performed with additive gaussian noise and without noise for the complex hologram modulation scheme and the phase-only hologram modulation scheme. The computer simulation results show that the phase-only hologram modulation scheme improves the optical efficiency. Thus the system with the phase-only hologram modulation scheme is more robust than the system with the complex hologram modulation scheme.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 면내 진동하는 감쇠 단을 갖는 보에서 진동파워의 크기와 방향을 나타내는 면내 진동인텐시티를 측정하였다. 보의 면내 진동인텐시티 측정 방법으로서 3가지 다양한 방법을 적용하였다. 이러한 방법들은 2개의 가속도계 선형 배열을 이용하는 가속도계배열법과 하나의 가속도계를 갖고 주파수응답함수를 이용하는 주파수응답함수법 그리고 기준 가속도를 고정시키고 다른 하나의 가속도계를 이용하는 기준가속도계법 들이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 방법들을 적용하여 보의 진동인텐시티 공간 분포를 측정하여 비교하였으며, 또한 가진 점에서 주어지는 입력 파워와 비교를 통하여 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들로부터 보의 면내 진동인텐시티를 측정하기 위하여 가속도계배열법뿐만이 아니라 주파수응답함수법과 기준가속도계법 또한 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 보였다.